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Bird-O-Soar Status and Composition of Avifauna in Kurud Dam, Raipur

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#48 Bird-o-soar 21 June 2020 Status and composition of avifauna in Kurud Dam, Raipur District - Chhattisgarh, India Chhattisgarh state bears tropical climate with its relevant flora and fauna. This state is amply studded with numerous water bodies, tanks, and ponds, with the major river basin being Mahanadi for the central plains, Hasdeo River basin for northern hilly range, and Godavari River basin for Dandkaranya hills in south. Kurud Dam. The available works had revealed 246 avian species in central region of Chhattisgarh, 429 species in Chhattisgarh (Bharos 2017), Bharos and Sahu (2002), (Bharos 2018), Bharos et al. (2019), Chandra & Singh (2004). Kurud Dam has been the hunting ground for game lovers in the past, but at present, it is a prime spot for bird watchers and Threat. photographers. With commensuration to the type of available habitats, variety of aquatic Methods and grass & arboreal bird species occur in The study site was visited for amateur bird good numbers. Despite this fact, this site watching since 2007, the observed bird and its avian species remains undocumented. species were only listed in our field diaries. To fill this gap, this study was undertaken and We noticed high species composition and is the first attempt to highlight the avifauna congregation of resident as well as migratory of Kurud dam, being an important wetland in species. This prompted us to take up serious the central plains of Chhattisgarh. studies. Study Area Hence, since October 2015 more intensive The particulars of the study area the Kurud study was undertaken to fill up the lacuna of Dam are tabulated in Table 2, Fig.1. avian documentation from Kurud Dam. Field Zoo’s Print Vol. 35 | No. 6 5 #48 Bird-o-soar 21 June 2020 Figure 1. Location of Kurud Dam. Surrounding Habitat. Adjacent Agri field. surveys were aptly designed and intensively Binoculars (Olympus 8-16 X 40) and cameras conducted in all three seasons viz. winter, (CANON DSLR 7D & CANON SX60HS) summer, and monsoon, from October 2015 were deployed for observing and obtaining to December 2019. The study was carried the images of species encountered. The out at different hours of the day invariably identification was confirmed following Ali & between 6–10am and 3–6pm to obtain Ripley (1987), Grimmett et.al. (1998, 2014), maximum prudent outcome. We collected Rahmani (2008), Rasmussen & Anderton observations by Look and See method (2012). Difficult species were identified by (Bibby et al.1992) at pre-determined points, members of BNHS-ENVIS. following Point Count method (Javed & Kaul 2002) by noting direct sightings of the birds, Roosting hours in the evening and early walking along the shoreline to collect bird morning hours of congregation of birds were observations. The study was conducted observed to determine the species and their in a gap of every fortnight invariably, and roost, along with utilization of the habitat at observations were collected as and when and near the dam. We encountered more possible. bird species in the roosting (evening) hours Zoo’s Print Vol. 35 | No. 6 6 #48 Bird-o-soar 21 June 2020 Zoo’s Print Zoo’s Table 1. Birds of Kurud Dam, Chhattisgarh. Order Family English name Scientific name Resident IUCN Food Habits Habitat Status Status 1 Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica R LC Omnivorous A 2 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus M LC Omnivorous A 3 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina M LC Omnivorous A 4 Common Pochard Aythya ferina M VU Omnivorous A 5 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca M NT Omnivorous A 6 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula M LC Omnivorous A 7 Garganey Spatula querquedula M LC Omnivorous A Anseriformes Anatidae 8 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata M LC Omnivorous A 9 Gadwall Mareca strepera M LC Omnivorous A Vol. 35|No.6 Vol. 10 Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha R LC Omnivorous A 11 Northern Pintail Anas acuta M LC Omnivorous A 12 Common Teal Anas crecca M LC Omnivorous A 13 Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos R LC Omnivorous A 14 Cotton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus R LC Omnivorous A 15 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix R LC Omnivorous GA 16 Galliformes Phasianidae Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica R LC Omnivorous GA 17 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus R LC Omnivorous GA 18 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis R LC Carnivorous A Phoenicopteriformes Podicipedidae 19 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus M LC Carnivorous A 20 Rock Pigeon Columba livia R LC Granivorous GA 21 Columbiformes Columbidae Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto R LC Granivorous GA 22 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis R LC Granivorous GA 23 Caprimulgidae Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus R LC Insectivorous GA 24 Caprimulgiformes Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis R LC Insectivorous GA Apodidae 25 Indian House Swift Apus affinis R LC Insectivorous GA 7 26 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R LC Omnivorous GA #48 Bird-o-soar 21 June 2020 Zoo’s Print Zoo’s Order Family English name Scientific name Resident IUCN Food Habits Habitat Status Status 27 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus M LC Omnivorous GA 28 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus R LC Omnivorous GA 29 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius R LC Omnivorous GA 30 Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides R LC Omnivorous NA 31 Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca R LC Omnivorous NA 32 Brown Crake Zapornia akool M LC Omnivorous NA Gruiformes Rallidae 33 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus R LC Omnivorous NA 34 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio R LC Omnivorous NA 35 Common Coot Fulica atra M LC Omnivorous A 36 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala R NT Carnivorous NA 37 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans R LC Carnivorous NA Ciconiidae Vol. 35|No.6 Vol. 38 Black Stork Ciconia nigra M LC Carnivorous NA 39 Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus R LC Carnivorous NA 40 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis R LC Carnivorous NA 41 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus R LC Carnivorous NA 42 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis R LC Carnivorous NA 43 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax R LC Carnivorous NA 44 Striated Heron Butorides striata R LC Carnivorous NA Pelecaniformes 45 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii R LC Carnivorous NA Ardeidae 46 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R LC Carnivorous NA 47 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea R LC Carnivorous NA 48 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea R LC Carnivorous NA 49 Great Egret Ardea alba R LC Carnivorous NA 50 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia R LC Carnivorous NA 51 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R LC Carnivorous NA 52 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus R LC Carnivorous NA Threskiornithidae 53 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia R LC Omnivorous NA 8 #48 Bird-o-soar 21 June 2020 Zoo’s Print Zoo’s Order Family English name Scientific name Resident IUCN Food Habits Habitat Status Status 54 Threskiornithidae Indian Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa R LC Carnivorous NA 55 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger R LC Carnivorous NA 56 Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo R LC Carnivorous NA 57 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis R LC Carnivorous NA 58 Anhingidae Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster R NT Carnivorous NA 59 Recurvirostridae Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus R LC Omnivorous NA 60 Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola M LC Insectivorous NA 61 Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva M LC Insectivorous NA 62 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius M LC Omnivorous NA 63 Charadriidae Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus M LC Omnivorous NA 64 Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus M LC Omnivorous NA Vol. 35|No.6 Vol. 65 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malarbaricus R LC Omnivorous NA 66 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R LC Omnivorous NA 67 Rostratulidae Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis R LC Omnivorous NA 68 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus R LC Omnivorous NA 69 Jacanidae Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus R LC Omnivorous NA Charadriiformes 70 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus M LC Insectivorous NA 71 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata M NT Omnivorous NA 72 Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica M LC Omnivorous NA 73 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa M NT Omnivorous NA 74 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres M LC Omnivorous NA 75 Ruff Calidris pugnax M LC Omnivorous NA Scolopacidae 76 Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea M LC Omnivorous NA 77 Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii M LC Omnivorous NA 78 Sanderling Calidris alba M LC Omnivorous NA 79 Dunlin Calidris alpina R LC Omnivorous NA 80 Little Stint Calidris minuta M LC Omnivorous NA 9 #48 Bird-o-soar 21 June 2020 Zoo’s Print Zoo’s Order Family English name Scientific name Resident IUCN Food Habits Habitat Status Status 81 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago M LC Omnivorous NA 82 Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus M LC Omnivorous NA 83 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos M LC Omnivorous NA 84 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus M LC Omnivorous NA 85 Scolopacidae Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus M LC Omnivorous NA 86 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia M LC Omnivorous NA 87 Common Redshank Tringa totanus M LC Omnivorous NA 88 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola M LC Omnivorous NA 89 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis M LC Omnivorous NA 90 Charadriiformes Turnicidae Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator R LC Omnivorous NA 91 Indian Courser Cursorius coromandelicus R LC Insectivorous NA Glareolidae Vol. 35|No.6 Vol. 92 Little Pratincole Glareola lactea R LC Insectivorous NA 93 Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus M LC Carnivorous/ NA brunnicephalus Piscivorous 94 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica M LC Carnivorous/
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    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 71 (2017) 150-167 EISSN 2392-2192 Avifaunal Diversity of Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India Shiladitya Mukhopadhyay1,* and Subhendu Mazumdar2 1Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, North 24 Parganas, India 2Department of Zoology, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College), Shibpur, Howrah, India *E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT Birds are found in a variety of habitats, performing various functions. They are highly sensitive to even minor perturbation in ecosystems. Documentation of avian assemblages in different ecosystems is, therefore, becoming increasingly important from environmental monitoring perspective. In absence of comprehensive account of birds of Bibhutibhushan Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India, we made an attempt to document the birds thriving in this protected area. A total of 102 species of birds belonging to 13 orders and 46 families were recorded during the study period (June 2013 – May 2016). Maximum number of species belong to the order Passeriformes (49 species) and minimum under order Anseriformes (1 species). Among the total bird species, 83 species (81.37%) were resident, 15 species (14.71%) were winter visitor, three species (2.94%) were summer visitor and one species (0.98%) was passage migrant. We noted 38 species of birds (including 36 residents and two summer visitors) to breed within the sanctuary. Analysis of feeding guild data revealed that 46.08% were insectivore, 22.55% were carnivore, 15.69% were omnivore, 6.86% were granivore, 5.88% were frugivore, 1.96% were nectarivore and 0.98% were herbivore. Grey-headed Fish Eagle (Icthyophaga ichthyaetus) and Red- breasted Parakeet (Psittacula alexandri) are two Near Threatened (NT) species designated by IUCN.