David Manuel Nogueira Ribas Timization Using Indus
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Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
The Nitrogen Dioxide Oxidation of Starch* J. W. Mench, with Ed F. Degering, Purdue University Although the literature contains over two hundred references to the oxidation of starch, little is known concerning the structures of the products because various oxidants may simultaneously attack one or more of the hydroxl groups to produce a complicated structure containing car- boxyl, aldehyde, and ketone groupings. An exception appears to result when periodic acid is used, since this oxidant seemingly exhibits a specificity towards parts of the carbohydrate molecule containing adja- 1 2 cent, secondary hydroxyl groupings. - The observations of Unruh, Yec- kel, and Kenyon,M that cellulose can be oxidized with nitrogen dioxide to a polyanhydroglucuronic acid, indicate that this reagent preferentially attacks the primary hydroxyl groups in certain glycosides. We have attempted to apply to starch both the static and cyclic method of oxidation reported by these men, in an effort to produce the alpha-linked polyanhydroglucuronic acids. However, the tendency of the powdered carbohydrate to pack made these procedures unsatisfactory, since the reactions were difficult to control and at least partial hydrolysis of the starch frequently occurred. We have found, however, that under suitable conditions, starch may be oxidized by nitrogen dioxide to produce a new type of oxidized starch containing, predominately, uronic acid residues. This point was con- firmed, qualitatively, by a positive beta-naphthol test,5 which indicated the presence of glucuronic acid, although attempts to hydrolyze the prod- ucts to glucuronic acid, and to prepare the cinchonine salt or oxime of this compound were without success. The procedure and diluent utilized in this work was suggested by the work of Maurer and Drefahl,6 who oxidized galactose, methyl gluco- side, and methyl galactoside with nitrogen dioxide in carbon tetrachloride or chloroform—obtaining mucic acid and the corresponding substituted uronic acids, respectively. -
Improvement of D-Glucaric Acid Production in Escherichia Coli by Eric Chun-Jen Shiue
Improvement of D-Glucaric Acid Production in Escherichia coli by Eric Chun-Jen Shiue M.S. Chemical Engineering Practice Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011 B.S. Chemical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, 2008 Submitted to the Department of Chemical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2014 © 2014 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. Signature of Author . Eric Chun-Jen Shiue Department of Chemical Engineering December 17, 2013 Certifiedby .............................................................................................. Kristala L. Jones Prather Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Thesis Supervisor Acceptedby ............................................................................................. Patrick S. Doyle Professor of Chemical Engineering Chairman, Committee for Graduate Students Improvement of D-Glucaric Acid Production in Escherichia coli by Eric Chun-Jen Shiue Submitted to the Department of Chemical Engineering on December 17, 2013 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering Abstract D-glucaric acid is a naturally occurring compound which has been explored for a plethora of potential uses, including biopolymer production, cancer and diabetes treatment, cholesterol reduction, and as a replacement for polyphosphates in detergents. This molecule was identified in 2004 as a “Top Value-Added Chemical from Biomass” by the U.S. Department of Energy (Werpy and Petersen, 2004), implying that production of D-glucaric acid could be economically feasible if biomass were used as a feedstock. A biosynthetic route to D-glucaric acid from D-glucose has been constructed in E. coli by our group (Moon et al., 2009b), and the goal of this thesis has been to improve the economic viability of this biological production route through improvements to pathway productivity and yield. -
Sigma Sugars and Carbohydrates
Sigma Sugars and Carbohydrates Library Listing – 614 spectra This library represents a material-specific subset of the larger Sigma Biochemical Condensed Phase Library relating to sugars and carbohydrates found in the Sigma Biochemicals and Reagents catalog. Spectra acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. which were examined and processed at Thermo Fisher Scientific. The spectra include compound name, molecular formula, CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry number, and Sigma catalog number. Sigma Sugars and Carbohydrates Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 255 (+/-)-Epi-inosose-2 475 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose 468 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-6- 487 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-1-O-p-nitrobenzoyl diphenylphosphoryl-b-D-manopyranose D-ribofuranoside 471 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D- 490 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-1-O-p-nitrobenzoyl- glucopyranose D-arabinofuranoside 472 1,2,3,5-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranose 488 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-D-arabinofuranose 473 1,2,3,5-Tetra-O-benzoyl-a-D- 489 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-L-arabinofuranose xylofuranose 107 2,3-Dehydro-2-deoxy-N- 258 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-3-O-benzyl-rac- acetylneuraminic acid glycerol 142 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid, 261 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-5-O-p-tosyl-a-D- penta(CHA) salt xylofuranose 143 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid, 259 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose pentasodium salt 262 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-D-xylofuranose 144 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid, tris salt 135 1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-D- 260 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-b-D- galactopyranose ribofuranosylamine, tosylate salt 141 1,2:3,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-D- -
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English
An Access-Dictionary of Internationalist High Tech Latinate English Excerpted from Word Power, Public Speaking Confidence, and Dictionary-Based Learning, Copyright © 2007 by Robert Oliphant, columnist, Education News Author of The Latin-Old English Glossary in British Museum MS 3376 (Mouton, 1966) and A Piano for Mrs. Cimino (Prentice Hall, 1980) INTRODUCTION Strictly speaking, this is simply a list of technical terms: 30,680 of them presented in an alphabetical sequence of 52 professional subject fields ranging from Aeronautics to Zoology. Practically considered, though, every item on the list can be quickly accessed in the Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary (RHU), updated second edition of 2007, or in its CD – ROM WordGenius® version. So what’s here is actually an in-depth learning tool for mastering the basic vocabularies of what today can fairly be called American-Pronunciation Internationalist High Tech Latinate English. Dictionary authority. This list, by virtue of its dictionary link, has far more authority than a conventional professional-subject glossary, even the one offered online by the University of Maryland Medical Center. American dictionaries, after all, have always assigned their technical terms to professional experts in specific fields, identified those experts in print, and in effect held them responsible for the accuracy and comprehensiveness of each entry. Even more important, the entries themselves offer learners a complete sketch of each target word (headword). Memorization. For professionals, memorization is a basic career requirement. Any physician will tell you how much of it is called for in medical school and how hard it is, thanks to thousands of strange, exotic shapes like <myocardium> that have to be taken apart in the mind and reassembled like pieces of an unpronounceable jigsaw puzzle. -
ACIDS of MANY USES from CORN 783 Investigation of the Practical Applica- Acids
Acids of Many Uses gents, and medicines. More attention is being given, consequently, to the de- velopment of practical methods for ob- taining them from dextrose. From Corn Processes for the fermentation of dextrose to citric, gluconic, 2-keto- C L. Mehltretter giuconic, 5-ketogluconic, a-kctoglu- taric, and itaconic, and similar acids have been developed in the laboratories of the Department of Agriculture. Some, particularly those for citric and Most of the commercial sugar acids gluconic acids, have achieved commer- come from dextrose, the sugar derived cial importance. The large-scale pro- from corn. They are cheap and mild duction of itaconic acid appears and, chemically, maids-of-all-work. promising. Lactic acid, a widely used Their uses range from the simple proc- food acid, is being produced in large ess of cleaning milk cans and bottles volumes by the corn-products indus- to the complex production of vitamins. tries by fermentation of cornstarch Veterinarians and farmers know hyclrolyzates. best the calcium salt of gluconic acid, The acids I have mentioned have which they use for the treatment of also been made by nonfermentative milk fever in cows and which doctors methods, but of the purely chemical sometimes recommend for bee stings. processes only those for obtaining glu- The housewife is most familiar with conic and itaconic acids merit con- cream of tartar, an ingredient of the sideration from a practical standpoint. baking powder she uses for her pies and Some years ago workers at the National cakes. Citric acid, the acid that gives Bureau of Standards devised a proce- the tang to citrus fruit?, she also uses dure for the electrolytic oxidation of for flavoring lemon pies. -
Supplementary Material
Supplementary Material Table S1. Drought impacts on higher plant metabolism. Site and Metabolic Species Metabolic Pathways Bibliographic Treatment/Gr Metabolic Pathways and/or Nº (Organs Statistical Methods Bioinformatic Tools and/or Metabolites Data adient Platform Metabolites Studied) Up-regulated Conditions Down-regulated Foito et al. (2009) Lolium Water Glucose, raffinose, Plant Multivariate analyses in AMDISTM, 1 perenne manipulation GC-MS fructose, trehalose, Fatty acids Biotechnology Genstat version 9.2.0.153 XCALIBURTM (leaves) in greenhouse maltose Journal Cramer et al. Vitis Water Malate, chloride, Succinate, (2007) Functional ANOVAs of all 2 vinifera manipulation GC-MS proline, phosphate, fumarate, Integrative determined metabolites (leaves) in greenhouse glucose aspartate, sucrose Genomics PERMANOVA (PERMANOVA+ for Water supply 1D and 2D PRIMER v.6). ANOVAs, polyphenolic Erica TopSpin 1.3 (Bruker Rivas-Ubach et manipulation 1H NMR post hoc tests, PCAs, compounds, quinic 3 multiflora Biospin), AMIX al. (2012) PNAS in field spectroscop Kolmogorov–Smirnov acid, tartaric acid, (leaves) (Bruker Biospin) conditions y tests, and discriminant and choline analyses with Statistica v8.0 (Statsoft) --glucose, sucrose, LC-MS PERMANOVA adenine, Water supply Rivas-Ubach et Quercus 1D and 2D (PERMANOVA+ for polyphenols, -Arginine, manipulation 4 al. (2014) New ilex 1H NMR PRIMER v.6). PCA and MZMINE 2.10 phenolic acids, alanine, in field Phytologist (leaves) spectroscop PLS-DA with mixOmics quinic acid, catechin, pyridoxine conditions y package of R chlorogenic, epicachetin Gargallo-Garriga Holcus -Phenilalanine, SA, -Tartate, Water supply The PCAs were et al. (2014) lanatus LC-MS thymine, adenine, pyruvate, 5 manipulation performed with TopSpin 3.1 software Scientific Reports and uracil, catequin, Jasmonic acid, in semi- mixOmics package of R. -
Synthesis of Higher Molecular Weight Poly(D-Glucaramides) and Poly(Aldaramides) As Novel Gel Forming Agents
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2008 Synthesis of Higher Molecular Weight Poly(D-glucaramides) and Poly(aldaramides) as Novel Gel Forming Agents Tyler Nations Smith The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith, Tyler Nations, "Synthesis of Higher Molecular Weight Poly(D-glucaramides) and Poly(aldaramides) as Novel Gel Forming Agents" (2008). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 940. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/940 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYNTHESIS OF HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLY( D–GLUCARAMIDES) AND POLY(ALDARAMIDES) AS NOVEL GEL FORMING AGENTS By Tyler Nations Smith Bachelor of Science, Mississippi College, Clinton, Mississippi, 2001 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry The University of Montana Missoula, MT Autumn 2008 Approved by: Perry Brown Assoc. Provost for Graduate Education Donald E. Kiely, Ph.D., Chair Chemistry Klará Briknarová, Ph.D. Chemistry Jack Nunberg, Ph.D. Biological Sciences Ed Rosenberg, Ph.D. Chemistry Holly Thompson, Ph.D. Chemistry COPYRIGHT by Tyler Nations Smith 2008 All Rights Reserved iii Smith, Tyler, Ph.D., December 2008 Chemistry Synthesis of Higher Molecular Weight Poly( D-glucaramides) and Poly(aldaramides) as Novel Gel Forming Agents Chairperson: Donald E.