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A;Dkd; A;Kdd A;Kdk Akd;Ka D;Ak A;Kd;Akd A;Kd;Akd;Ka ;Akd;Ka A;Dkd Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Vol.7(3), 122-129, March 2016 ISSN 0976-5727 (Print) (An International Research Journal), www.compmath-journal.org ISSN 2319 - 8133 (Online) Integrating New Technologies and Tools in Teaching and Learning of Mathematics: An Overview Momin Fasiyoddin Inayat1 and Shaikh Naeem Hamid2 1Department of Mathematics, Milliya Arts, Science and Management Science College, Beed, Maharashtra -431122, INDIA. email:[email protected] 2Department of Computer Science, Milliya Arts, Science and Management Science College, Beed, Maharashtra -431122, INDIA. email:[email protected] (Received on: March 26, 2016) ABSTRACT Mathematics has remained a difficult and unpopular subject for most of the students. This is despite its importance almost in all careers, especially in the science and technology. The difficulties in learning mathematics might be due to the teaching methods employed by the educators. With the advancements in the Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), the nature of teaching and learning in mathematics is expected to change. The use of new technologies in the classrooms makes higher level mathematical activities accessible to students and also makes learning more fun, interesting, and more effective. Thus, technology can enhance students learning process by presenting content graphically, symbolically and numerically without spending extra time to calculate the complex computational problems by hand. In this paper we present an overview of the latest technologies used by the educators to make teaching and learning in mathematics more effective, student-centric and dynamic. Keywords: Technology, ICT, Teaching, Learning, Mathematics. 1. INTRODUCTION The developments in technology and tools in the past century have brought changes that transformed education. Mathematics education has also seen some of the most drastic changes in recent past. Mathematics as a subject has remained difficult and unpopular for most of the students, despite its importance in almost all careers, especially in the science, March, 2016 | Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences | www.compmath-journal.org Momin Fasiyoddin Inayat, et al., J. Comp. & Math. Sci. Vol.7 (3), 122-129 (2016) 123 engineering and technology fields. The mathematics makes bad memories for most of the generations which studied with rules, the compass and repeated exercises. The emergence of new technologies in education has changed the teaching and learning terrain of mathematics. Students need to understand the significant concepts of mathematics and comprehend the meaning and relatedness of these concepts so that they can apply these to problems in their everyday lives. Since some students are gifted and there are still many students who struggle in learning mathematics. Using technology in teaching and learning would improve students understanding of basic mathematics concepts and improves the way mathematics should be taught. This adds a new perspective in mathematics teaching from traditional approach to teaching with Information Communication Technology.1 Today most educators support students to actively involve in constructing their own understanding of mathematical ideas by using the latest and emerging technologies.2 The US National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), one of the largest mathematics teacher’s organization in their position statement claims that: “Technology is an essential tool for learning mathematics in the 21st century and all schools must ensure that all their students have access to technology.”3 Most of the school and colleges now offers ICT facilities in teaching and learning of mathematics. The digital technology has been used in mathematics classrooms since the introduction of simple four-function calculators in the 1970s. Since then, modern digital technologies including computers with increasingly sophisticated software, more advanced graphics calculators integrating graphical and symbolic manipulation, statistical and dynamic geometry packages, and virtual learning environments offered by web-based applications have innovated the teaching and learning process of mathematics. 2. BENEFITS OF INTEGRATING ICT IN MATHEMATICS Research evidences tell that integrating ICT into the mathematics teaching has enormous benefits. Here we present some of the benefits: 2.1 Immediate feedback to the student’s efforts: When using ICT tools students gets instant feedback to their efforts as opposed to using the traditional methods where feedback takes time.4 2.2 Motivation, Interaction and Cooperation: The use of ICT tools especially multimedia tools provides a good environment for pupils to work in groups and have an interaction on a given task. This ultimately helps to generate a motivation and collaboration among pupils.5 2.3 Improved Skills: The use of technology in mathematics education helps students in following skills6: Use of software like drill and practice can help young children to develop skill such as counting and sorting. Proper use of computer games can also help in developing mathematical skills of young children. March, 2016 | Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences | www.compmath-journal.org 124 Momin Fasiyoddin Inayat, et al., J. Comp. & Math. Sci. Vol.7 (3), 122-129 (2016) With the use of technology students can work in collaboration and communicate their understanding and knowledge in different ways with others, this will ultimately improve their communication skills. 2.4 Active participation: The interactive technology used in mathematics helps students to become active partners in the learning process through experimentation, demonstration, exploration, and calculation. This helps students in the process of developing their understanding of a topic.7 2.5 Integrate theory and practice into one: Subject like discrete mathematics is necessary for a computer scientist and software engineer as it is centered on correctness, logic and algorithm. But students find it rigorous and challenging as it need reasoning and logic both at the same time. Wu. Xiuguo8 in his study found that teaching discrete mathematics with experiments using technology can integrate theory and practice into one and enhance the comprehension of discrete mathematics to the students. 2.6 Teaching Mathematics Better and Teaching Better Mathematics: Integrating technology into the classroom can improve mathematics teaching and also introduce better mathematics.9 With the use of technology teachers can focus more on developing ideas, exploring consequences, justifying solutions, and understanding connections which is the heart of mathematics.10 3. ICT TOOLS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING MATHEMATICS There are many ICT tools available which are readily being applied in teaching and learning of mathematics in schools and colleges. The ICT tools include hardware tools such as OHP, LCD Projectors, Handheld devices, advanced calculators, PDAs etc. There are enormous software tools for effective teaching and learning of mathematics, some of these are graphing tools, dynamic geometry software, computer algebra systems, spreadsheets, and online tools for learning. In this paper we only present an overview of the most popular tools and Medias used for the effective teaching and learning of mathematics. 3.1 Dynamic graphing tools Dynamic graphing tools are the effective tools for visualization and representation of relationships between entities in readable, scalable and effective diagrammatic form. There are so many dynamic graphing tools available for effective visualization of relationships between entities. Here we provide details of some of the popular dynamic graphing tools available for building the dynamic graphs: i. Google Charts: Google Charts are simple to use, powerful and free interactive tools for creating visualization of data for browsers and mobile devices. Google Charts are perfect tools to visualize data on websites. The chart gallery of Google Charts provides number of template chart types including simple line charts to complex hierarchical tree maps. March, 2016 | Journal of Computer and Mathematical Sciences | www.compmath-journal.org Momin Fasiyoddin Inayat, et al., J. Comp. & Math. Sci. Vol.7 (3), 122-129 (2016) 125 ii. D3.js: D3.js is an effective JavaScript library for visualization and manipulation of documents based on data. It allows tagging arbitrary data to Document Object Model (DOM), and then applies data-driven transformations to the document. For example, D3 can be used to create an HTML table from an array of numbers or an interactive SVG bar chart with smooth transitions and interactions. iii. amCharts: amCharts is an advanced library for data visualization. It includes number of charting options from simple line, bar, column, area, step, step without risers to more advanced charts. iv. GraphStream: GraphStream is a Java library for generating, importing, exporting and visualizing the dynamic graphs. GraphStream provides several classes of graphs that allow modeling of directed and undirected graphs, 1-graphs or p-graphs. It also allows to store any data attribute on the graph elements i.e. numbers, string, or any objects. It can be customized with CSS style sheets for graph visualization. 3.2 Dynamic Geometry Software (DGS) Dynamic Geometry Software is an effective mathematical tool for interactive representation and manipulation of geometric objects. One of the characteristic features of such programs is to build a geometric model of objects, like points, lines, circle
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