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Mounted Troops in Zululand Brian M
Mounted Troops in Zululand Brian M. Best ____________________________________________________________________________________________ With Britain’s attention taken up with the events in Afghanistan during 1878, the War Office concentrated all available Imperial regiments on the North West Frontier. These naturally included units of cavalry sent to act as the eyes for the huge columns that began their advance during November. At the same time in South Africa, unbeknown to the British Government, Sir Bartle Frere, the High Commissioner, and Lord Chelmsford, the Army Commander, was preparing to invade Zululand. Chelmsford was relying on the Imperial regiments with which he had successfully defeated the Gaikas and Gcalekas during the recent Frontier War. These were infantry battalions only, for there were no cavalry stationed in South Africa. In order to fill this gap, volunteers were taken from the 3rd, 13th, 24th, 80th and 90th Regiments and formed into two squadrons of Mounted Infantry with a total strength of 300 men. Many of these men were generally experienced with horses from their former civilian occupations, having been grooms, ostlers etc. Others, however, were not and it took sometime to train these would-be cavalrymen. Once proficient, the Mounted Infantry acquitted themselves very well. The men were dressed as normal infantrymen, except that they wore cord breeches and calf-length leather gaiters. Instead of pouches, they carried their ammunition in bandoliers draped across the chest. Unlike other mounted troops, the mounted infantrymen were armed with a Martini-Henry rifle instead of the shorter carbine. For the officers, the transition was an easy one as they were all mounted as a matter of course. -
286 Chapter 9 the Imprisonment of Natal
University of Pretoria etd – Wassermann, J M (2005) 286 CHAPTER 9 THE IMPRISONMENT OF NATAL AFRIKANERS The Anglo-Boer War was characterised by the imprisonment of large numbers of civilians and individuals associated with the Boer forces. Natal Afrikaners did not escape this plight, and under the ultimate exertion of power over ordinary people by Martial Law, they found themselves being confined in four categories: as POWs; rebels on charges and conviction of high treason; inmates of the concentration camps; and lastly a small number were interned in Portugal. Under these experiences Natal Afrikaners suffered a fate similar to that of the inhabitants of the Republics, which reinforces the notion that they were targeted because of their ethnic origins. In this chapter the imprisonment of Natal Afrikaners will be investigated and analysed by focussing on the various facets of life in the prison establishments as well as the liberation from it. 9.1 Natal Afrikaners as Prisoners of War (POWs)1 Initially the military made little effort to distinguish between Natal Afrikaners and Boers and consequently several managed to pass themselves off as bona fide burghers after surrendering or capture.2 This confusion led to the eventual deportation of an estimated 43 Natal Afrikaners. (Appendix E)3 For the British to commit such an error was not difficult, as no real comprehensive name list of Natal Afrikaners existed. The phenomenon of Natal Afrikaners pretending to be Boers, so as to escape prosecution as rebels, continued throughout the war, especially when they were captured by units who did not have the ability to distinguish between Natal Afrikaners and Boers. -
Amafa Akwazulu Natali Heritage Kwazulu- Natal
AMAFA AKWAZULU NATALI HERITAGE KWAZULU- NATAL ANNUAL REPORT 2015/2016 1 CONTENTS DESCRIPTION PAGE REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL 3 SUBMISSION OF THE ANNUAL REPORT 5 MISSION STATEMENT 5 VALUES AND VISION OF AMAFA 5 LEGISLATION 6 HERITAGE RESOURCES 7 CATERGORIES OF PROTECTION 7 GOALS AND STRATEGIES 8 REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE 9 PROGRAMME ANALYSIS PROGRAMME 1: CORPORATE SERVICES 11 PROGRAMME 2: SUPPORT SERVICES 18 PROGRAMME 3: COLLECTIONS AND EXHIBITIONS 30 PROGRAMME 4: EMAKHOSINI OPHATHE HERITAGE PARK 38 PROGRAMME 5: RESEARCH AND COMPLIANCE 43 OVERALL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BY PROGRAMME LEVEL 50 OVERALL FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BY ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION 51 RECONCILIATION TO THE ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 52 COMMITMENTS 53 ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE 54 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 55 2 REPORT OF THE ACCOUNTING AUTHORITY OF AMAFA AKWAZULU NATALI FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2016 During the year, major focus was given toward the intending merger of the administration of heritage within the Province. The new institution was meant to come into effect as at 1 April 2016 however, due to unforeseen circumstances the process of programming the relevant policy pronouncement has taken much longer that initially intended. I have, in the interim been appointed in an acting capacity as the Chief Executive Officer. Further as per Section 49(2)(b) of the Public Finance Management Act, No. 1 of 1999, I will also hold the office of the accounting authority. As the Acting Chief Executive Officer of Amafa AkwaZulu Natali, it gives me great pleasure to announce, that yet again, the entity has received a clean audit opinion from the Auditor-General. -
A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story
How many bones must you bury before you can call yourself an African? Updated February 2009 A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story Part C: 1800 - 1885 Compiled by: Dr. Anthony Turton [email protected] Caution in the use and interpretation of these data This document consists of events data presented in chronological order. It is designed to give the reader an insight into the complex drivers at work over time, by showing how many events were occurring simultaneously. It is also designed to guide future research by serious scholars, who would verify all data independently as a matter of sound scholarship and never accept this as being valid in its own right. Read together, they indicate a trend, whereas read in isolation, they become sterile facts devoid of much meaning. Given that they are “facts”, their origin is generally not cited, as a fact belongs to nobody. On occasion where an interpretation is made, then the commentator’s name is cited as appropriate. Where similar information is shown for different dates, it is because some confusion exists on the exact detail of that event, so the reader must use caution when interpreting it, because a “fact” is something over which no alternate interpretation can be given. These events data are considered by the author to be relevant, based on his professional experience as a trained researcher. Own judgement must be used at all times . All users are urged to verify these data independently. The individual selection of data also represents the author’s bias, so the dataset must not be regarded as being complete. -
Military Police, an Offi Cial U.S
USAMPS 573-XXX-XXXX/DSN 676-XXXX (563 prefix) This medium is approved for the offi cial dissemi- or 581-XXXX (596 prefix) nation of material designed to keep individuals within the Army knowledgeable of current and emerging developments COMMANDANT within their areas of expertise for the purpose of enhancing BG David Phillips ........................................................563-8019 professional development. <[email protected]> By Order of the Secretary of the Army: ASSISTANT COMMANDANT GEORGE W. CASEY, JR. COL Wade Dennis ..................................................... 563 - 8019 General, United States Army <[email protected]> Chief of Staff COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR Offi cial: CSM Charles Kirkland ............................................. 563-8018 <[email protected]> DEPUTY ASSISTANT COMMANDANT–USAR JOYCE E. MORROW COL Anthony Zabek ................................................. 563-8082 Administrative Assistant to the <[email protected]> Secretary of the Army DEPUTY ASSISTANT COMMANDANT–ARNG 0916104 LTC David Harrel ..................................................... 596-7443 <[email protected]> Military Police, an offi cial U.S. Army professional QUALITY ASSURANCE ELEMENT bulletin for the Military Police Corps Regiment, contains Ms. Sandra Pardue ....................................................563-5892 information about military police functions in maneuver and <[email protected]> mobility operations, area security operations, internment/ resettlement operations, -
The Life, Work and Influence Of
The Life, Work and Influence of JOHANNES JULmS AUGUST PROZESKY (1840-1915), Missionary of t~e Berlin Missionary Society in South Africa " Thesis submitted by OSKAR EDUARD PROZESKY in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religious Studies, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg 1995 i ABSTRACT Johannes Julius August Prozesky (1840-1915) spent 34 years (1866- 1900) as a missionary of the Berlin Missionary Society in Natal. At the Konigsberg mission station which he founded south-west of Newcastle in 1868 he attempted to create a model Christian commun ity governed by his own strict paternalistic discipline and char acterized by his motto "Work and pray". Notably pro-Boer, he was tried and found guilty of high treason by the British during the Anglo-Boer War and sentenced to a heavy fine and a year's im prisonment. After two years in Germany (1901-1903) he returned to South Africa to work in a substitutionary capacity in the Cape Colony at Amalienstein (1903-05) and Laingsburg (1905-07). In semi-retirement in Heidelberg, Transvaal (1908-13) he acted as assistant to his son-in-law, Rev. Hermann Muller. Prozesky was a missionary in the fundamentalist, pietist, escha tological mould: his chief concern was to save as many souls as possible from perdition before the Judgement Day which he believed to be imminent. In the practical sphere he attempted to prepare the blacks under his care for the life of manual toil which he believed would remain their lot in white-dominated South Africa . -
Isandlwana: New Clues to the Reason Why Ron Lock ______
Isandlwana: new clues to the reason why Ron Lock __________________________________________________________________________________________ The battlefield of Isandlwana is changing. You buy your entrance ticket at the Orientation Centre and proceed to the battleground through imposing gates, flanked by flag poles flying, on most days, the banners of Great Britain and South Africa. Around and about the newly fenced battlefield, the settlement of the local community is flourishing with additional dwellings and a modern school much in evidence. And to cap all this progress, a direct road between Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift, passing the site of Sihayo’s old stronghold and bridging the Batshe River, is now open to traffic and is a pleasure to drive. However, no matter how often one may visit Isandlwana, one thing at this evocative place never changes: it is a sort of presence that is perhaps a mixture of foreboding and secrecy ... and, one asks oneself again, what really happened here on that fateful day almost 120 years ago? Who was to blame for one of the most shambolic defeats ever to befall the British Army and how did it really happen? That there was a massive cover up by the living to the detriment of the dead there can be no doubt. There was, of course, a court of enquiry at the time, but the evidence of the few who were called to testify was dismissed, whilst others who could have given a telling account were not called. The verdict which should have roared forth a finding to the whole of the British army, and to the satisfaction of the British public, merely squeaked the pathetic opinion that it could draw no conclusions and could offer no opinion as to the cause of the disaster and, of course, apportioned no blame. -
THE VICTORIAN SOLDIER in AFRICA and the 2/24Th, Largely Composed of Short-Service Soldiers, Had Arrived in March 1878
CHAPTER TWO Campaigning in southern Africa Eyewitness accounts are among the many sources used in the volumi- nous literature on the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, a major test of British command, transport arrangements, and the fighting qualities of the short-service soldier. Quite apart from the writings of the late Frank Emery, who refers to eighty-five correspondents in The Red Soldier and another twenty-four in his chapter on that campaign in Marching Over Africa,1 there are invaluable edited collections of letters from individ- ual officers by Sonia Clark2 and Daphne Child,3 and by Adrian Greaves and Brian Best.4 While the papers and journals of the British command- ing officers have been splendidly edited,5 some perspectives of officers and other ranks appear in testimony before official inquiries (into the disasters at Isandlwana and Ntombe, and the death of the Prince Impe- rial)6 and among the sources used by F. W. D. Jackson and Ian Knight, and by Donald Morris in his classic volume The Washing of the Spears.7 Yet the letters found by Emery – the core of the material used for the views of regimental officers and other ranks8 – represent only a fraction of the material written during the Anglo-Zulu War. Many more officers and men kept diaries or wrote to friends and family, chronicling their exploits in that war and its immediate predecessors, the Ninth Cape Frontier War (1877–78) and the campaign against the Pedi chief, Sekhukhune (1878). While several soldiers complained about the postal arrangements or the scarcity of stamps and paper, they still wrote let- ters, even improvising, as Corporal Thomas Davies (2/24th) did, by using gunpowder as ink.9 Their correspondence forms the core of this Chapter’s review of campaigning in southern Africa. -
The Victorian Soldier in Africa Plms 9/7/04 9:00 Am Page Ii
Plms 9/7/04 9:00 am Page i general editor John M. MacKenzie Established in the belief that imperialism as a cultural phenomenon had as significant an effect on the dominant as on the subordinate societies, Studies in Imperialism seeks to develop the new socio-cultural approach which has emerged through cross-disciplinary work on popular culture, media studies, art history, the study of education and religion, sports history and children’s literature. The cultural emphasis embraces studies of migration and race, while the older political and constitutional, economic and military concerns are never far away. It incorporates comparative work on European and American empire-building, with the chronological focus primarily, though not exclusively, on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when these cultural exchanges were most powerfully at work. The Victorian soldier in Africa Plms 9/7/04 9:00 am Page ii AVAILABLE IN THE SERIES CULTURAL IDENTITIES AND THE AESTHETICS OF BRITISHNESS ed. Dana Arnold BRITAIN IN CHINA Community, culture and colonialism, 1900–1949 Robert Bickers NEW FRONTIERS Imperialism’s new communities in East Asia 1842–1952 eds Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot WESTERN MEDICINE AS CONTESTED KNOWLEDGE eds Andrew Cunningham and Bridie Andrews THE ARCTIC IN THE BRITISH IMAGINATION 1818–1914 Robert G. David IMPERIAL CITIES Landscape, display and identity eds Felix Driver and David Gilbert SCIENCE AND SOCIETY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA ed. Saul Dubow EQUAL SUBJECTS, UNEQUAL RIGHTS Indigenous peoples in British settler colonies, 1830s–1910 Julie Evans, Patricia Grimshaw, David Phillips and Shurlee Swain EMIGRATION FROM SCOTLAND BETWEEN THE WARS Opportunity or exile? Marjory Harper EMPIRE AND SEXUALITY The British experience Ronald Hyam REPORTING THE RAJ The British press in India, c. -
Aran Stuart Mackinnon Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University
^5°! LAND, LABOUR AND CATTLE: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ZULULAND, C. 1930-1950 Aran Stuart MacKinnon Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in history, November 1995. ProQuest Number: 11010325 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010325 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 (C)Copyright Aran S. MacKinnon 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS page PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 ABBREVIATIONS 4 LIST OF MAPS AND APPENDIX TABLES 6 INTRODUCTION 7 - Geography, Climate and Settlement Patterns 8 - Zululand Around the Turn of the Century 10 - Methodology and Themes 16 - Endnotes 35 CHAPTER ONE THE DELIMITATION AND EXPROPRIATION OF ZULULAND 4 6 - White Settlement 63 - The Zululand 'Trust' 68 - The Reserves and 'National' Land Policy 69 - Endnotes 81 CHAPTER TWO CHIEFLY AUTHORITY 95 - The Background to Chiefly Authority 96 - Chiefs and the Administration 98 - Local Councils and Segregation 108 -