American Bar Association Joint Task Force on Reversing the School-To-Prison Pipeline Preliminary Report Sarah E
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University of Florida Levin College of Law UF Law Scholarship Repository UF Law Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2-2016 The American Bar Association Joint Task Force on Reversing the School-to-Prison Pipeline Preliminary Report Sarah E. Redfield University of New Hampshire Jason P. Nance University of Florida Levin College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Education Law Commons, and the Juvenile Law Commons Recommended Citation Sarah E. Redfield & Jason P. Nance, The American Bar Association Joint Task Force on Reversing the School-to-Prison Pipeline Preliminary Report, American Bar Association Coalition on Racial and Ethnic Justice, Criminal Justice Section, and Council for Racial & Ethnic Diversity in the Educational Pipeline (2016), available at http://scholarship.ufl.edu/facultypub/750 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UF Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. School-to-Prison Pipeline Preliminary Report February 2016 Authors Professors Sarah E. Redfield & Jason P. Nance The School-to-Prison Pipeline Task Force is a project of the Coalition on Racial and Ethnic Justice, Criminal Justice Section and Council for Racial & Ethnic Diversity in the Educational Pipeline. This draft report is subject to further review and modification by the Joint Task Force. The content of this report has not been presented in its entirety to, or approved by, the American Bar Association House Delegates or the Board of Governors, and therefore should not be construed as representing ABA policy, unless adopted pursuant to the bylaws of the Association. 1 AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION JOINT TASK FORCE ON REVERSING THE SCHOOL-TO-PRISON PIPELINE TABLE OF CONTENTS American Bar Association ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Joint Task Force on Reversing the School-to-Prison Pipeline ............................................................................... 2 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................... 6 Notice ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Note on References ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Preliminary Report and Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 7 Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Joint Task Force on Reversing the School-to-Prison Pipeline (RStPP) ................................................................ 9 Founding Task Force Members ............................................................................................................................ 9 Advisory Committee Members ............................................................................................................................ 9 ABA Entity Founding Support ............................................................................................................................ 9 Task Force Reporter ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Executive Summary of Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................... 10 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................................... 12 ABA and Partners: Convenings and Training ................................................................................................. 12 Legislation and Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Overview of the School-to-Prison Pipeline Problem ........................................................................................... 14 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 The Context ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 The Manifestations ............................................................................................................................................... 24 Disproportionality manifests itself all along the pipeline where students of color are poorly served. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 25 For students with disabilities, disproportionality manifests itself all along the pipeline in areas similar to those outlined in the preceding section on students of color. ................................................................... 34 Similar disproportionalities and difficulties impact LGBTQ and GNC young people. ............................. 40 These same disproportionalities experienced in school plague the juvenile justice system. .................... 41 Societal Consequences for Imprisoning Youth ..................................................................................................... 47 Causes of the School-to-Prison Pipeline ................................................................................................................ 50 Criminalization of School Discipline ................................................................................................................. 50 The Increased Presence of Law Enforcement Officers in Schools ................................................................. 51 2 The Role of Implicit Bias and Related Unconscious Associations/Decisions ............................................. 54 Acknowledging that prior intervention has not proven sufficient. ......................................................... 56 Summary of implicit bias research and its implications for the school-to-prison pipeline. ................. 57 Summary of group dynamics research and its implications for the school-to-prison pipeline. .......... 58 Summary of micromessaging research and its implications for the school-to-prison pipeline. .......... 60 Putting Implicit together to understand the pipeline. ............................................................................... 61 New Response to the School-to-Prison Pipeline: A Focus on Implicit .................................................... 63 Overview of Town Hall Meetings .......................................................................................................................... 64 Background Information Provided for 2014-15 Town Halls .......................................................................... 64 Chicago Town Hall Meeting – February 7, 2014 .............................................................................................. 65 Boston Town Hall Meeting – August 8, 2014 ................................................................................................... 68 Houston Town Hall Meeting – February 6, 2015 ............................................................................................. 69 Arizona State University Town Hall Meeting – March 27, 2015 ................................................................... 72 New Orleans Town Hall Meeting – April 14, 2015 ......................................................................................... 74 Honolulu Town Hall Meeting – April 18, 2015 ................................................................................................ 76 Miami Town Hall Meeting – May 14, 2015....................................................................................................... 77 Chicago Roundtable Discussion – July 31, 2015 .............................................................................................. 78 Appendix A. Selected Current Legislative Initiatives ......................................................................................... 80 Legislation eliminating criminalizing student misbehavior that does not endanger others ..................... 80 Legislation eliminating the use of suspensions, expulsions, and referrals to law enforcement for lower- level offenses ........................................................................................................................................................