S

Saari, Donald Gene (1940-) Sabatini, David Domingo (1931-) Sabine, Wallace Clement (1868-1919) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 1894, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York Affiliation at election: Harvard University California, Irvine University School of Medicine Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Irvine, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Cell biologist; Academic administrator Economist; Educator Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Sabloff, Jeremy Arac (1944-) Election: 1999, Fellow Saariaho, Kaija A. (1952-) Sabean, David Warren (1939-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2012, FHM Election: 2000, Fellow Pennsylvania Affiliation at election: Paris, France Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Paris, France California, Los Angeles Career description: Archaeologist; Career description: Musician (composer) Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Educator; Museum administrator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Santa Fe Institute Current affiliation: Same Sabra, Abdelhamid Ibrahim (1924-2013) Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Historian; Educator

Sachar, Abram Leon (1899-1993) Election: 1951, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Residence at election: Waltham, MA Career description: Historian; Educator; Academic administrator; Foundation executive

Eero Saarinen, elected 1954. Image donated by Corbis- Sachdev, Subir (1961-) Bettmann Albert Bruce Sabin, elected 1955. Image donated by Election: 2019, Fellow Saarinen, Eero (1910-1961) Corbis-Bettmann Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1954, Fellow Sabin, Albert Bruce (1906-1993) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Eero Saarinen and Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Condensed matter Associates Affiliation at election: University of physicist; Educator Residence at election: Bloomfield, MI Cincinnati; Children’s Hospital Research Current affiliation: Same Career description: Architect; Company Foundation executive Residence at election: Cincinnati, OH Sachs, Jeffrey David (1954-) Career description: Virologist; Educator Election: 1996, Fellow Sabatini, Bernardo Luis (1969-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2014, Fellow Sabine, Edward (1788-1883) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1867, FHM Career description: Economist; School Affiliation at election: British Army Internationalist; Educator; Academic Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: London, England research agency administrator Career description: Neurobiologist; Career description: Physicist; Astronomer; Current affiliation: Columbia University Educator; Research institution scientist Army officer; Explorer; Geophysical Current affiliation: Same surveyor Sachs, Paul Joseph (1878-1965) Election: 1922, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Art critic; Banker; Educator; Museum administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 532

Sachs, Robert Green (1916-1999) Saffman, Philip Geoffrey (1931-2008) Sagan, Paul (1959-) Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: California Institute Affiliation at election: Akamai Chicago; Argonne National Laboratory of Technology Technologies, Inc. Residence at election: Argonne, IL Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: Lexington, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Company executive; Research institution administrator Educator Journalist Current affiliation: Akamai Technologies, Sack, Robert David (1944-) Safford, Truman Henry (1836-1901) Inc.; General Catalyst Partners Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1861, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Sagan, Scott D. (1955-) Wisconsin, Madison Observatory Election: 2008, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Geographer; Educator Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Current affiliation: Same Academic research institution staff Career description: Political scientist; member and administrator Academic research institution Sacks, Albert Martin (1920-1991) administrator; Educator Election: 1963, Fellow Saffran, Jenny (1964-) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Sagdeev, Roald Zinnurovich (1932-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Wisconsin-Madison Election: 1990, FHM Academic administrator Residence at election: Madison, WI Affiliation at election: Institute of Space Career description: Developmental Research Sacks, Oliver Wolf (1933-2015) psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Election: 2002, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Research Affiliation at election: Albert Einstein agency administrator; Educator College of Medicine Safire, William L. (1929-2009) Current affiliation: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1993, Fellow Maryland Career description: Physician; Neurologist; Affiliation at election: New York Times Writer (essayist); Educator Residence at election: Washington, DC Sager, Ruth (1918-1997) Career description: Writer; Journalist; Election: 1979, Fellow Sadoulet, Bernard (1944-) Company executive (public relations) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 2012, Fellow School; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Affiliation at election: University of Sag, Ivan A. (1949-2013) Residence at election: Boston, MA California, Berkeley Election: 2007, Fellow Career description: Geneticist; Educator; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Stanford University Research institution administrator Career description: Cosmologist; Residence at election: Menlo Park, CA Educator; Research institution Career description: Linguist; Educator Saha, Meghnad (1893-1956) administrator Election: 1947, FHM Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Calcutta Saez, Emmanuel (1972-) Residence at election: Calcutta, India Election: 2010, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of Research institution and academic California, Berkeley administrator; Government official; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Legislator Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Sahgal, Nayantara (1927-) Election: 1990, FHM Carl Edward Sagan, elected 1978. Image donated by Corbis- Affiliation at election: Uttar Pradesh, India Safdie, Moshe (1938-) Bettmann Election: 1996, Fellow Residence at election: Uttar Pradesh, India Affiliation at election: Moshe Safdie & Sagan, Carl Edward (1934-1996) Career description: Writer (novelist) Associates Election: 1978, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Somerville, MA Affiliation at election: Cornell University Career description: Architect Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 533

Sahlins, Marshall David (1930-) Salame, Ghassan (1951-) Election: 1976, Fellow Election: 2017, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Sciences Po Chicago Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Public policy expert; Career description: Anthropologist; Foundation founder; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Salas (Salas Falgueras), Margarita (1938-) Sahni, Birbal (1891-1949) Election: 2005, FHM Andrei Dmitriyevich Sakharov, elected 1969, FHM. Image Election: 1948, FHM Affiliation at election: Consejo Superior de donated by Corbis-Bettmann Affiliation at election: University of Investigaciones Cientificas Lucknow Sakharov, Andrei Dmitriyevich (1921- Residence at election: Madrid, Spain Residence at election: Lucknow, India 1989) Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Botanist; Educator; Election: 1969, FHM Educator Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Academy of Current affiliation: Same Sciences of the USSR Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Said, Edward William (1935-2003) Salem, Raphael (1898-1963) Career description: Physicist; Research Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow institution staff member; Human rights Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Massachusetts activist University Institute of Technology

Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary Sakmann, Bert (1942-) Career description: Mathematician; scholar; Educator Election: 1992, FHM Educator Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung Sainsbury (Lord Sainsbury of Turville), Salgado, Sebastiao Ribeiro (1944-) Residence at election: Heidelberg, David John (1940-) Election: 1992, FHM Germany Election: 2003, FHM Affiliation at election: Magnum Photo Career description: Physiologist; Research Affiliation at election: Government of Agency institution administrator Great Britain Residence at election: Paris, France Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: London, UK Career description: Artist (photographer);

Career description: Company executive; Journalist Government official Sala, Oscar (1922-2010) Current affiliation: Amazonas Images Current affiliation: London, UK Election: 1988, FHM Affiliation at election: Universidade de Sao Salisbury, Edward Elbridge (1814-1901) Paulo, Brazil Saint Gaudens, Augustus (1848-1907) Election: 1848, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Sao Paulo, Brazil Election: 1896, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New Haven, CT

Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Language and culture Career description: Artist (sculptor) Sala, Osvaldo E. (1950-) scholar; Educator Election: 2003, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Saito, Osamu (1946-) Salisbury, Harrison Evans (1908-1993) Buenos Aires Election: 2018, IHM Election: 1969, Fellow Residence at election: Buenos Aires, Affiliation at election: Hitotsubashi Affiliation at election: New York Times Argentina University; University of Cambridge Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Ecologist; Botanist; Residence at election: Tokyo, Japan Career description: Journalist; Editor Educator Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Arizona State Current affiliation: Same University

Salam, Abdus (1926-1996) Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London Residence at election: Trieste, Italy Career description: Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 534

Saloff-Coste, Laurent (1958-) Salter, William Thomas (1901-1952) Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1939, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Ithaca, NY School; Huntington Memorial Hospital Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Milton, MA Educator Career description: Pharmacologist; Current affiliation: Same Educator

Salomon, Richard (1912-1994) Saltonstall, Leverett (1783-1845) Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1824, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University; Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Squibb Corporation Residence at election: Salem, MA Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Career description: Company executive; House of Representatives

Jonas Edward Salk, elected 1966. Image Academic administrator donated by Corbis-Bettmann Saltonstall, Leverett (1892-1979) Salk, Jonas Edward (1914-1995) Salonen, Esa-Pekka (1958-) Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2010, FHM Affiliation at election: U.S. Senate Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Affiliation at election: Philharmonia Residence at election: Washington, DC Biological Studies Orchestra Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator Residence at election: San Diego, CA Residence at election: London, England Career description: Bacteriologist; Career description: Musician (conductor, Saltonstall, William Gurdon (1905-1989) Educator; Research institution composer) Election: 1953, Fellow administrator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Phillips Exeter Academy Saller, Richard Paul (1952-) Salovey, Peter (1958-) Residence at election: Exeter, NH Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 2013, Fellow Career description: Academic Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Yale University administrator; Government official Chicago Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Psychologist; Saltykov, Boris Georgievich (1940-) Career description: Historian; Educator; Academic institution administrator; Election: 1999, FHM Academic administrator Educator Affiliation at election: Federal State Current affiliation: Stanford University Current affiliation: Same Unitary Enterprise, “Russian Technologies” Salmon, Edward D. (1944-) Salpeter, Edwin Ernest (1924-2008) Residence at election: Moscow, Russia Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1967, Fellow Career description: Economist; Research Affiliation at election: University of North Affiliation at election: Cornell University agency administrator; Government Carolina at Chapel Hill Residence at election: Ithaca, NY official Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Career description: Astrophysicist; Current affiliation: Association Russian Career description: Cellular biologist; Educator House for International Science and Biophysicist; Educator Technology Cooperation Current affiliation: Same Salter, James (1925-2015) Election: 2009, Fellow Salvemini, Gaetano (1873-1957) Salmon, Richard Lawrence (1949-) Affiliation at election: Bridgehampton, NY Election: 1941, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Residence at election: Bridgehampton, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Writer (novelist, short Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, San Diego story writer, screen play writer) Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: San Diego, CA Legislator Career description: Oceanographer; Salter, Mary Jo (1954-) Geophysicist; Educator Election: 2014, Fellow Salzberg, Steven L. (1960-) Current affiliation: Scripps Institution of Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Election: 2018, Fellow Oceanography, UC San Diego University Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Baltimore, MD University Salmon, Wesley Charles (1925-2001) Career description: Writer (poet, lyricist); Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1979, Fellow Editor; Educator Career description: Biomedical engineer; Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Computer scientist; Educator Arizona Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Tucson, AZ Career description: Philosopher; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 535

Samios, Nicholas Peter (1932-) Samuelson, Larry (1953-) Sandage, Allan Rex (1926-2010) Election: 1981, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Carnegie National Laboratory Residence at election: Woodbridge, CT Observatory (Palomar and Mt. Wilson) Residence at election: Upton, NY Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Physicist; Research Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Research institution staff member and institution staff member administrator Samuelson, Pamela (1948-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2013, Fellow Sandalow, Terrance (1934-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1987, Fellow Samper, Cristián T. (1965-) California, Berkeley, School of Law Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Michigan Law School Affiliation at election: Wildlife Career description: Legal scholar Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Conservation Society (intellectual property law); Information Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: Bronx, NY scientist; Educator Academic administrator Career description: Nonprofit Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same organization executive; Research institution founder; Cultural institution Samuelson, Paul Anthony (1915-2009) Sandel, Michael J. (1953-) administrator; Biologist Election: 1942, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Harvard University Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Sample, Steven Browning (1940-2016) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Political scientist; Election: 2003, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Philosopher; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Southern California Samuelsson, Bengt Ingemar (1934-) Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Election: 1982, FHM Sanders, Ed Parish (E. P.) (1937-) Career description: Academic Affiliation at election: Karolinska Election: 2003, Fellow administrator; Electrical engineer; Institutet Affiliation at election: Duke University Educator Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Career description: Theologian; Historian Sampson, Robert J. (1955-) Academic administrator (religion); Educator Election: 2005, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Sancar, Aziz (1946-) Sanders, Henry Arthur (1868-1956) Career description: Sociologist; Educator Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 1935, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of North Affiliation at election: University of Carolina at Chapel Hill Michigan Samueli, Henry (1954-) Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Election: 2004, Fellow Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Career description: Philologist; Classicist; Affiliation at election: Broadcom biologist; Educator Educator Corporation Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Irvine, CA Sanders, Jr., John Lyell (1924-1998) Career description: Electrical engineer; Sanchez, Pedro A. (1940-) Election: 1971, Fellow Company executive; Research Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University administrator; Educator Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same University Career description: Mechanical and Residence at election: Palisades, NY aeronautical engineer; Educator Samuels, Richard J. (1951-) Career description: Ecologist; Research Election: 2005, Fellow institution administrator; Educator Sanders, Scott Russell (1945-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Current affiliation: Same Election: 2012, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Sánchez Alvarado, Alejandro (1964-) Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Career description: Political scientist; Election: 2015, Fellow Career description: Writer (novelist, short Educator Affiliation at election: Stowers Institute for stories, essayist, memoirist); Educator Current affiliation: Same Medical Research Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Kansas, MO Career description: Geneticist; Research institution scientist Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 536

Sanders, Thomas Henry (1885-1953) Sanger, Frederick (1918-2013) Sapiro, Guillermo R. (1966-) Election: 1936, Fellow Election: 1958, FHM Election: 2018, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Duke University Graduate School of Business Cambridge Residence at election: Durham, NC Administration Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Molecular biologist; Electrical engineer; Educator Career description: Accountant; Educator Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same

Sanderson, George Augustus (1863- Sanger, Zedekiah (1748-1820) Sapiro, Virginia (1951-) 1932) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1930, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duxbury, MA Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Duxbury, MA Wisconsin, Madison Supreme Judicial Court Career description: Clergy member Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: Littleton, MA Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Sant, Roger W. (1931-) Educator Government official Election: 2014, Fellow Current affiliation: Boston University Affiliation at election: Summit Foundation Sandler, Herbert M. (1931-2019) and Summit Fund Saporta, Louis Charles Joseph Gaston, Election: 2013, Fellow Residence at election: Washington DC Marquis de (1823-1896) Affiliation at election: Sandler Foundation Career description: Company executive Election: 1885, FHM Residence at election: San Francisco, CA and founder (energy); Foundation Affiliation at election: France Career description: Company founder and executive and founder; Cultural Residence at election: Aix (Saint Zacharie), executive (finance); Foundation founder institution board member France and executive Current affiliation: Same Career description: Paleobotanist

Sandwell, David T. (1950-) Sant, Victoria P. (1939-2018) Sarabhai, Vikram Ambalal (1919-1971) Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: The Summit Affiliation at election: Atomic Energy California, San Diego Foundation; The Summit Fund of Commission of India Residence at election: San Diego, CA Washington Residence at election: Bombay, India Career description: Geophysicist; Educator Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Space scientist and Current affiliation: Scripps Institution of Career description: Nonprofit foundation industrialist; Company executive; Oceanography, UC San Diego executive and founder Government research scientist and

Sanes, Joshua Richard (1949-) Sante, Luc Marie (1954-) Sarachik, Myriam Paula Morgenstein Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow (1933-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Kingston, NY Election: 1999, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Kingston, NY Affiliation at election: City College of the Career description: Neuroscientist; Career description: Writer; Historian City University of New York Molecular biologist Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Educator Santirocco, Matthew S. (1950-) Current affiliation: Same Sanford, Melanie S. (1975-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Sarbanes, Paul Spyros (1933-) Affiliation at election: University of University Election: 2004, Fellow Michigan Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: U.S. Senate Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Classicist; Academic Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Chemist; Educator and research institution administrator Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Sanger, Charles Robert (1860-1912) Sapir, Edward (1884-1939) Sargan, John Denis (1924-1996) Election: 1891, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow Election: 1987, FHM Affiliation at election: U.S. Naval Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: London School of Academy Residence at election: New Haven, CT Economics and Political Science Residence at election: Annapolis, MD Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: London, England Career description: Chemist; Educator; Linguist; Educator; Research institution Career description: Economist; Academic research institution administrator Statistician; Educator administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 537

Sargeant, Nathaniel Peaslee (1731-1791) Saris, Patti B. (1951-) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: United States Superior Court of Judicature District Court, District of Massachusetts Residence at election: Haverhill, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Jurist; Lawyer Career description: Jurist; Public official Current affiliation: Same Sargent, Anneila Isabel (1943-) Election: 2006, Fellow Sarna, Jonathan Daniel (1955-) Affiliation at election: California Institute Election: 2009, Fellow of Technology Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Jean-Paul Sartre, elected 1960, FHM. Image donated by Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: West Newton, MA Corbis-Bettmann Career description: Astronomer; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator; Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905-1980) Current affiliation: Same Academic and research institution Election: 1960, FHM administrator Affiliation at election: Paris, France Sargent, Charles Sprague (1841-1927) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Paris, France Election: 1878, Fellow Career description: Philosopher; Writer Affiliation at election: Harvard University Sarnak, Peter Clive (1954-) (novelist, playwright, literary and political Residence at election: Brookline, MA Election: 1991, Fellow critic); Educator; Editor Career description: Botanist; Affiliation at election: Stanford University Arboriculturist; Educator; Academic Residence at election: Stanford, CA Sarukhan Kermez, Jose (1940-) research institution administrator Career description: Mathematician; Election: 2008, FHM Educator Affiliation at election: Universidad Sargent, John Singer (1856-1925) Current affiliation: Princeton University Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Election: 1899, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Huixquilucan, Affiliation at election: London, England Sarton, George Alfred Leon (1884-1956) Mexico Residence at election: London, England Election: 1927, Fellow Career description: Ecologist; Research Career description: Artist (painter) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution institution administrator; Educator of Washington Current affiliation: Same Sargent, Thomas John (1943-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1983, Fellow Career description: Historian (science); Sastry, Sosale Shankara (Shankar) Affiliation at election: University of Editor; Educator (1956-) Minnesota Election: 2004, Fellow Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Sarton, May (1912-1995) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Economist; Educator; Election: 1958, Fellow California, Berkeley Research institution staff member Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Current affiliation: New York University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Electrical engineer; Career description: Writer (novelist, poet); Computer scientist; Educator Sargent, Wallace Leslie William (1935- Educator Current affiliation: Same 2012) Election: 1977, Fellow Sartori, Giovanni (1924-2017) Satcher, David (1941-) Affiliation at election: California Institute Election: 1975, FHM Election: 1996, Fellow of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Centers for Disease Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Florence Control and Prevention Career description: Astronomer; Educator Residence at election: Florence, Italy Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Physician; Public Sargent, Winthrop (1753-1820) Educator health expert; Educator; Government Election: 1788, Fellow agency and academic administrator Affiliation at election: Ohio Company Current affiliation: Morehouse School of Residence at election: Marietta, OH Medicine Career description: Government official (territorial governor); Businessperson Sato, Gordon Hisashi (1927-2017) Election: 1979, Fellow Sargeson, Alan McLeod (1930-2008) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1998, FHM California, San Diego Affiliation at election: Australian National Residence at election: San Diego, CA University Career description: Cellular and molecular Residence at election: Canberra, Australia biologist; Educator; Research institution Career description: Chemist; Educator administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 538

Satterfield, Charles Nelson (1921-2011) Saunders, Martin (1931-) Sawyer, Charles Henry (1915-2006) Election: 1965, Fellow Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Residence at election: New Haven, CT California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Chemical engineer; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Anatomist; Educator Educator Saussy, Caleb Powell Haun (1960-) Sawyer, Edwin Forrest (1849-1937) Satterthwaite, Mark A. (1945-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1885, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Northwestern Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Career description: Literary and language Career description: Astronomer; Residence at election: Evanston, IL scholar; Educator Businessperson Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: University of Chicago Current affiliation: Same Sawyer, John Edward (1917-1995) Sauveur, Albert (1863-1939) Election: 1968, Fellow Satz, Debra (1956-) Election: 1903, Fellow Affiliation at election: Williams College Election: 2018, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston Testing Residence at election: Williamstown, MA Affiliation at election: Stanford University Laboratories; Harvard University Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Academic administrator; Foundation Career description: Ethicist; Educator Career description: Metallographer; executive Current affiliation: Same Metallurgist; Educator; Company executive Sawyer, Micajah (1737-1815) Sauer, Robert Thomas (1948-) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Sauvy, Alfred (1898-1990) Affiliation at election: Newburyport, MA Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1973, FHM Residence at election: Newburyport, MA Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Collège de France; Career description: Physician Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Université de Paris Career description: Biochemist; Educator Residence at election: Paris, France Sawyers, Charles Lazelle (1958-) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Economist; Election: 2014, Fellow Sociologist; Demographer; Educator; Affiliation at election: Memorial Sloan Sauerlander, Willibald Paul Walter Research institution administrator Kettering Cancer Center (1924-2018) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1994, FHM Savage, James (1784-1873) Career description: Oncologist; Physician; Affiliation at election: Zentralinstitut für Election: 1824, Fellow Research institution scientist Kunstgeschichte Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Munich, Germany Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Historian; Genealogist; Sax, Joseph Lawrence (1936-2014) Educator; Research institution Lawyer Election: 1992, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: University of Savitz, Maxine L. (1937-) California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Saunders, Frederick Albert (1875-1963) Election: 2013, Fellow Law Election: 1916, Fellow Affiliation at election: Honeywell, Inc.; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Vassar College National Academy of Engineering Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: Poughkeepsie, NY Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Energy policy analyst; Sax, Karl (1892-1973) Research institute administrator; Election: 1930, Fellow Saunders, George William (1958-) Company executive (energy); Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2014, Fellow Government official Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Syracuse University Current affiliation: Same Career description: Botanist; Educator Residence at election: Syracuse, NY Career description: Writer (short story Sawyer, Charles Henry (1906-2005) Saxon, David Stephen (1920-2005) writer); Language scholar; Educator Election: 1950, Fellow Election: 1983, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Haven, CT California, Los Angeles Career description: Historian (art); Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Educator; Academic and museum Career description: Physicist; Educator; administrator Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 539

Saxonhouse, Arlene Warmbrunn (1944-) Scalapino, Douglas James (1933-) Scarr, Sandra Wood (1936-) Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 1989, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Michigan California, Santa Barbara Virginia Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Kailua Kona, HI Current affiliation: Same Scalapino, Robert Anthony (1919-2011) Scarry, Elaine (1946-) Saykally, Richard James (1947-) Election: 1972, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Political scientist; scholar; Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator Educator; Academic research agency Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same administrator Scatchard, George (1892-1973) Sayles, John Thomas (1950-) Scalia, Antonin (1936-2016) Election: 1928, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Institute of Technology Residence at election: Hoboken, NJ the United States Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Filmmaker; Actor; Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Physical chemist; Writer (playwright, novelist) Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Educator Current affiliation: Same Supreme Court); Educator Schaal, Barbara Anna (1947-) Sayles, Robert Wilcox (1878-1942) Scammell, Michael (1935-) Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1915, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Columbia University in St. Louis Residence at election: Newton, MA University Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Geologist; Museum Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Evolutionary biologist; curator Career description: Biographer (literary, Educator political); Translator; Educator Current affiliation: Same Sayre, Francis Bowes (1885-1972) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1932, Fellow Schachman, Howard Kapnek (1918- Affiliation at election: Harvard University Scanlon, Jr., Thomas Michael (1940-) 2016) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1966, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Government official; Diplomat Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Berkeley Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Sayre, Wallace Stanley (1905-1972) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Molecular biologist; Election: 1962, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Columbia Scardino, Marjorie M. (1947-) University Election: 2010, Fellow Schacht, Henry Brewer (1934-) Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Pearson Ltd. Election: 1996, Fellow Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: Lucent Educator; Government official Career description: Company executive Technologies (publishing); Journalist Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Scadden, David T. (1953-) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Company executive Election: 2012, Fellow Current affiliation: Warburg Pincus LLC Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Scarf, Herbert Eli (1930-2015) School; Massachusetts General Hospital Election: 1971, Fellow Schachter, Oscar (1915-2003) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1981, Fellow Career description: Hematologist; Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Columbia Educator; Physician; Hospital Career description: Economist; Educator University Law School and Faculty of administrator; Academic research International Affairs institution administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Career description: Lawyer; Educator; United Nations counsel

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 540

Schachter, Stanley (1922-1997) Schama, Simon Michael (1945-) Schattschneider, Elmer Eric (1892-1971) Election: 1976, Fellow Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Wesleyan University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: Middletown, CT Career description: Psychologist; Educator Critic (art, culture) Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Columbia University Educator Schacter, Daniel Lawrence (1952-) Election: 1996, Fellow Schapiro, Leonard Bertram (1908-1983) Schatz, David Gilliam (1958-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1967, FHM Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: London School of Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Psychologist; Educator Economics and Political Science School of Medicine Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Molecular biologist; Schaefer III, Henry Frederick (1944-) Lawyer; Educator Educator; Research institution scientist Election: 2004, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Schapiro, Meyer (1904-1996) Georgia Election: 1952, Fellow Schatz, George Chappell (1949-) Residence at election: Athens, GA Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 2002, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator; University Affiliation at election: Northwestern Academic research agency administrator Residence at election: New York, NY University Current affiliation: Same Career description: Historian (art); Residence at election: Evanston, IL Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator Schaefer, Walter Vincent (1904-1986) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1959, Fellow Schapiro, Morton Owen (1953-) Affiliation at election: Illinois Supreme Election: 2010, Fellow Schatz, Gottfried (1936-2015) Court Affiliation at election: Northwestern Election: 1987, FHM Residence at election: Springfield, IL University Affiliation at election: University of Basel Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Residence at election: Evanston, IL Residence at election: Basel, Switzerland Educator Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Biochemist; Educator Academic administrator Schäfer, Peter (1943-) Current affiliation: Same Schauer, Frederick Franklin (1946-) Election: 2017, FHM Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stiftung Jüdisches Scharff, Matthew Daniel (1932-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Museum Berlin Election: 1984, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Affiliation at election: Albert Einstein Career description: Lawyer; Educator Career description: Religion scholar; College of Medicine Current affiliation: University of Virginia Museum administrator; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY School of Law Current affiliation: Same Career description: Immunologist; Cell biologist; Educator Schawlow, Arthur Leonard (1921-1999) Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1882- Current affiliation: Albert Einstein Election: 1970, Fellow 1968) College of Medicine of Yeshiva University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1919, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: U.S. Geological Scharpf, Fritz W. (1935-) Career description: Physicist; Educator; Survey Election: 2002, FHM Company research scientist Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut Career description: Mineralogist; für Gesellschaftsforschung Schechter, Paul L. (1948-) Government agency researcher Residence at election: Cologne, Germany Election: 2017, Fellow Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Schally, Andrew Victor (1926-) Research institution administrator Institute of Technology Election: 1978, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Tulane University Career description: Astrophysicist; Residence at election: New Orleans, LA Scharrer, Berta Vogel (1906-1995) Educator Career description: Endocrinologist; Election: 1967, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Educator; Oncologist Affiliation at election: Albert Einstein Current affiliation: University of Miami College of Medicine Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Endocrinologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 541

Scheffler, Israel (1923-2014) Schell, Erwin Haskell (1889-1965) Scheppele, Kim Lane (1953-) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1934, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Institute of Technology University Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Business specialist; Career description: Law scholar Scheffler, Samuel (1951-) Educator; Academic administrator (constitutional law); Educator Election: 2004, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Schell, Jozef Stephaan (1935-2003) California, Berkeley Election: 1993, FHM Scheraga, Harold Abraham (1921-) Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut Election: 1967, Fellow Career description: Philosopher; Ethicist; für Zuchtungsforschung Affiliation at election: Cornell University Educator Residence at election: Cologne, Germany Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Current affiliation: New York University Career description: Geneticist; Educator; Career description: Physical chemist; Research institution administrator Educator Scheibel, Arnold Bernard (1923-2017) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1981, Fellow Scheller, Richard H. (1953-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1998, Fellow Scherer, Klaus R. (1943-) California, Los Angeles Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 2002, FHM Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Geneva Neurobiologist; Company research Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Scheiber, Harry N. (1935-) administrator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Election: 2003, Fellow Current affiliation: 23andMe Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley, Boalt Hall School of Schelling, Thomas Crombie (1921-2016) Scherrer, Paul Hermann (1890-1969) Law Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 1960, FHM Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Eidgenossische Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Technische Hochschule Academic administrator Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: Zurich, Switzerland Current affiliation: University of Career description: Physicist; Educator; California, Berkeley, School of Law Schellman, John Anthony (1924-2014) Research institution administrator Election: 1983, Fellow Scheinberg, Israel Herbert (1919-2009) Affiliation at election: University of Schevill, Rudolph (1874-1946) Election: 1973, Fellow Oregon Election: 1918, Fellow Affiliation at election: Albert Einstein Residence at election: Eugene, OR Affiliation at election: University of College of Medicine Career description: Chemist; Educator California, Berkeley Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Medical scientist; Schemske, Douglas W. (1948-) Career description: Language and literary Educator Election: 2003, Fellow scholar; Educator; Academic Affiliation at election: Michigan State administrator Scheinkman, Jose Alexandre (1948-) University Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: East Lansing, MI Schevill, William Edward (1906-1994) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Plant biologist; Election: 1961, Fellow Chicago Evolutionary biologist; Ecologist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Residence at election: Chicago, IL Educator Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Career description: Economist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Princeton University Career description: Zoologist; Schepartz, Alanna (1962-) Oceanographer; Museum curator Schekman, Randy Wayne (1948-) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Schiavone, Aldo (1944-) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 2007, FHM California, Berkeley Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Istituto Italiano di Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Current affiliation: Same Scienze Umane Career description: Cell biologist; Residence at election: Florence, Italy Geneticist; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 542

Schickler, Eric (1969-) Schill, Michael H. (1958-) Schlesinger, Arthur Meier (1888-1965) Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1928, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University California, Berkeley Chicago Law School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Legal scholar; Educator Educator; Academic administrator Schlesinger, Frank (1871-1943) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Schiebinger, Londa L. (1952-) Schiller, Peter H. (1931-) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Career description: Astronomer; Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Observatory administrator Residence at election: Stanford, CA Institute of Technology Career description: Historian (science); Residence at election: Newton, MA Schlesinger, William H. (1950-) Educator Career description: Neuroscientist Election: 1995, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Durham, NC Schiff, Jerome Arnold (1931-1995) Schimke, Robert Tod (1932-2014) Career description: Botanist; Ecologist; Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Current affiliation: Cary Institute of Residence at election: Waltham, MA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Ecosystem Studies Career description: Botanist; Educator; Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Research institution administrator biologist; Educator Schlessinger, Joseph (1945-) Election: 2001, Fellow Schiff, Leonard Isaac (1915-1971) Schimmel, Annemarie (1922-2003) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 1987, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Pharmacologist; Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Historian (religion, Current affiliation: Same culture); Educator Schiffer, John P. (1930-) Schleyer, Paul von Ragué (1930-2014) Election: 1998, Fellow Schimmel, Paul Reinhard (1940-) Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Argonne National Election: 1987, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Laboratory; University of Chicago Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Georgia Residence at election: Argonne, IL Institute of Technology Residence at election: Ila, GA Career description: Physicist; Research Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Computational institution staff member and Career description: Biochemist; chemist; Educator administrator; Educator Biophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: Argonne National Current affiliation: Scripps Research Schlissel, Mark S. (1957-) Laboratory Institute Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Schiffer, Menahem Max (1911-1997) Schlaifer, Robert Osher (1914-1994) Michigan Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 1971, Fellow Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Biochemist; Physician; Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Graduate School of Business Academic administrator; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Administration Current affiliation: Same Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Management Schlosberg, Harold (1904-1964) Schiffer, Stephen (1940-) specialist; Educator Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: New York Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur Meier (1917- Residence at election: Providence, RI University 2007) Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Philosopher; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Schlozman, Kay Lehman (1946-) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2003, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator Affiliation at election: Boston College Residence at election: Chestnut Hill, MA Career description: Political scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 543

Schluter, Dolph (1955-) Schmidt, Carl Frederic (1893-1988) Schmidt, Wilhelm Josef Jacob (1884- Election: 2012, FHM Election: 1955, Fellow 1974) Affiliation at election: University of British Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1954, FHM Columbia Pennsylvania Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Vancouver, Canada Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Giessen Career description: Evolutionary zoologist; Career description: Pharmacologist; Residence at election: Giessen, Germany Government research scientist; Educator Educator Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Academic research agency administrator Schmidt, Eric (1955-) Schmalensee, Richard Lee (1944-) Election: 2007, Fellow Schmidt, Wolfgang M. (1933-) Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Google Inc. Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Mountain View, CA Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Career description: Company executive; Colorado Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Computer scientist Residence at election: Boulder, CO Career description: Economist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Mathematician; Academic administrator Educator Current affiliation: Same Schmidt, Gerhard (1901-1981) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1952, Fellow Schmeidler, David (1941-) Affiliation at election: Tufts University Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil Mimi (1918- Election: 2010, FHM School of Medicine 2015) Affiliation at election: Tel Aviv University; Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1973, Fellow Ohio State University Career description: Biochemist; Affiliation at election: Mount Desert Residence at election: Columbus, OH Nutritionist; Educator Island Biological Laboratory Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: Salisbury Cove, ME Current affiliation: Same Schmidt, Helmut (1918-2015) Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Election: 1996, FHM Research organization staff member and Schmid, Rudi (Rudolf) (1922-2007) Affiliation at election: Die Zeit administrator Election: 1982, Fellow Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Economist; Chancellor Schmidt-Nielsen, Knut (1915-2007) California, San Francisco of the Federal Republic of Germany; Election: 1963, Fellow Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Editor; Publisher Affiliation at election: Duke University Career description: Physician; Medical Residence at election: Durham, NC scientist; Educator; Academic Schmidt, Johann Friedrich Julius (1825- Career description: Physiologist; Educator administrator 1884) Election: 1883, FHM Schmitt, Bernadotte Everly (1886-1969) Schmid, Sandra L. (1958-) Affiliation at election: National Election: 1938, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Observatory, Athens Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Texas Residence at election: Athens, Greece Chicago Southwestern Medical Center Career description: Astronomer; Research Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Dallas, TX institution staff member and Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Cellular biologist; administrator Educator Schmitt, Francis Otto (1903-1995) Current affiliation: Same Schmidt, Karl Patterson (1890-1957) Election: 1941, Fellow Election: 1951, Fellow Affiliation at election: Washington Schmid, Wilfried (1943-) Affiliation at election: Chicago Natural University Election: 2003, Fellow History Museum Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Biologist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Zoologist; Museum Neuroscientist; Educator Career description: Mathematician; curator Educator Schmitt, Johanna M. (1953-) Current affiliation: Same Schmidt, Maarten (1929-) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brown University Schmidt, Jr., Benno Charles (1942-) Affiliation at election: California Institute Residence at election: Providence, RI Election: 1987, Fellow of Technology Career description: Evolutionary ecologist; Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Astronomer; Educator Current affiliation: University of Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Current affiliation: Same California, Davis Academic administrator; Company executive Current affiliation: The World School

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 544

Schmitt, Roland Walter (1923-2017) Schneider, Herbert Wallace (1892-1984) Schofield, Malcolm (1942-) Election: 1985, Fellow Election: 1950, Fellow Election: 2018, IHM Affiliation at election: General Electric Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: University of Company University Cambridge Residence at election: Schenectady, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, England Career description: Physicist; Company Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Classicist; Educator research administrator; Academic Current affiliation: Same administrator Schneiderman, Howard Allen (1927- 1990) Schofield, Norman J. (1944-) Schnackenberg, Gjertrud Cecelia (1953-) Election: 1975, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Washington Affiliation at election: Boston, MA California, Irvine University in St. Louis Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Irvine, CA Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Writer (poet) Career description: Cell biologist; Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator; Academic and research Educator institution administrator; Company Current affiliation: Same Schneewind, Jerome Borges (1930-) research scientist Election: 1996, Fellow Scholander, Per Fredrik Thorkelsson Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Schneirla, Theodore Christian (1902- (1905-1980) University 1968) Election: 1959, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Philosopher; Educator Affiliation at election: American Museum California, San Diego Current affiliation: Same of Natural History; New York University Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Schneider, David Murray (1918-1991) Career description: Animal psychologist; Research institution administrator Election: 1970, Fellow Educator; Museum curator Affiliation at election: University of Scholem, Gershom Gerhard (1897-1982) Chicago Schoelkopf, Robert J. (1964-) Election: 1970, FHM Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hebrew University Career description: Anthropologist; Affiliation at election: Yale University of Jerusalem Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Philosopher; Educator Schneider, Dietrich Herman Paul (1919- Current affiliation: Same 2008) Scholes, France Vinton (1897-1979) Election: 1971, FHM Schoen, Richard Melvin (1950-) Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of New für Verhaltensphysiologie Affiliation at election: Stanford University Mexico Residence at election: Seewiesen uber Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Albuquerque, NM Starnberg, Germany Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Historian; Educator; Career description: Neuroscientist; Educator Academic administrator Ecologist; Research institution Current affiliation: Same administrator Scholes, Myron S. (1941-) Schoener, Thomas William (1943-) Election: 2010, Fellow Schneider, Fred B. (1953-) Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Platinum Grove Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Asset Management, L.P. Affiliation at election: Cornell University California, Davis Residence at election: Atherton, CA Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Davis, CA Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Computer scientist; Career description: Ecologist; Educator Financial executive Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Platinum Grove Asset Current affiliation: Same Management, L.P.; Stanford University Schoenfeld, Gerald (1924-2008) Schneider, Heinrich (1889-1972) Election: 2004, Fellow Scholes, Robert (1929-2016) Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Shubert Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Organization, Inc. Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Language and literary Career description: Company executive Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator; Librarian (theater); Lawyer scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 545

Scholte, Jan Hendrik (1874-1959) Schorr, Daniel Louis (1916-2010) Schreiber, Robert David (1946-) Election: 1948, FHM Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: National Public Affiliation at election: Washington Amsterdam Radio University in St. Louis Residence at election: Amsterdam, Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Netherlands Career description: Broadcast journalist; Career description: Immunologist; Career description: Philologist; Educator News commentator Educator Current affiliation: Same Schone, Albrecht (1925-) Schorske, Carl Emil (1915-2015) Election: 1992, FHM Election: 1966, Fellow Schreiber, Stuart Lee (1956-) Affiliation at election: Universität Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1995, Fellow Göttingen California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Goettingen, Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Germany Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Chemist; Chemical Career description: Philologist; Educator geneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Schotte, Oscar Emil (1896-1990) Current affiliation: Massachusetts Election: 1955, Fellow Institute of Technology Schonfeld, Eduard (1828-1891) Affiliation at election: Amherst College Election: 1884, FHM Residence at election: Amherst, MA Schrempp, Juergen E. (1944-) Affiliation at election: University of Bonn Career description: Zoologist; Educator Election: 1999, FHM Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Affiliation at election: Daimler-Chrysler Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Schowalter, William Raymond (1929-) Residence at election: Munich, Germany Research institution administrator Election: 1991, Fellow Career description: Engineer; Company Affiliation at election: University of executive Schopen, Gregory R. (1947-) Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Current affiliation: Same Election: 2015, Fellow Residence at election: Urbana, IL Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemical engineer; Schrieffer, John Robert (1931-2019) California, Los Angeles Educator; Academic administrator Election: 1970, Fellow Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Current affiliation: Princeton University Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Religion and language Pennsylvania scholar; Educator Schrader, Franz (1891-1962) Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Current affiliation: Same Election: 1953, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Columbia Schopf, J. William (James William) University Schrock, Richard Royce (1945-) (1941-) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1989, Fellow Election: 1990, Fellow Career description: Zoologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology California, Los Angeles Schrag, Daniel P. (1966-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Election: 2019, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Paleobiologist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Educator; Academic research agency Residence at election: Cambridge, MA administrator Career description: Geochemist; Public Schroeder, Manfred Robert (1926-2009) Current affiliation: Same policy expert; Educator Election: 1986, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Universität Schor, Naomi (1943-2001) Göttingen Election: 1997, Fellow Schramm, David Norman (1945-1997) Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1994, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Acoustician; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Academic and company Career description: Language and literary Chicago research administrator scholar; Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Astronomer; Physicist; Schroeder, Steven A. (1939-) Schorer, Mark (1908-1977) Educator Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Schreiber, Liev (1967-) California, San Francisco California, Berkeley Election: 2010, Fellow Residence at election: Tiburon, CA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Physician; Public Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: New York, NY health and policy expert scholar; Educator; Writer (novelist) Career description: Actor; Director (film) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 546

Schroedinger, Erwin (1887-1961) Schudson, Michael (1946-) Schultz, Peter G. (1956-) Election: 1950, FHM Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Dublin Institute for Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: University of Advanced Studies University California, Berkeley Residence at election: Dublin, Ireland Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Sociologist; Journalist; Career description: Chemist; Educator Academic administrator Educator Current affiliation: Scripps Research Current affiliation: Same Institute Schubert, Friedrich Theodor (1758- 1825) Schuh, George Edward (1930-2008) Schultz, Theodore William (1902-1998) Election: 1812, FHM Election: 1977, Fellow Election: 1958, Fellow Affiliation at election: St. Petersburg Affiliation at election: Purdue University Affiliation at election: University of Academy of Sciences Residence at election: West Lafayette, IN Chicago Residence at election: St. Petersburg, Career description: Agricultural Residence at election: Chicago, IL Russia economist; Educator; Academic Career description: Agricultural Career description: Astronomer; administrator economist; Educator Mathematician; Learned society administrator Schull, William Jackson (1922-2017) Schultze, Charles Louis (1924-2016) Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Schubert, Gerald (1939-) Affiliation at election: University of Texas Affiliation at election: Brookings Election: 2001, Fellow School of Public Health Institution Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Houston, TX Residence at election: Washington, DC California, Los Angeles Career description: Geneticist; Educator; Career description: Economist; Director, Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Academic research agency administrator U.S. Bureau of the Budget; Research Career description: Geophysicist; institution staff member; Educator Planetary scientist; Educator Schuller, Gunther Alexander (1925- Current affiliation: Same 2015) Schulze, Ernst-Detlef (1941-) Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 1993, FHM Schuchard, W. Ronald (1939-) Affiliation at election: New England Affiliation at election: Universitat Election: 2012, Fellow Conservatory of Music Bayreuth Affiliation at election: Emory University Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Bayreuth, Germany Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Career description: Musician (composer, Career description: Botanist; Ecologist; Career description: Literary scholar; French horn performer, conductor); Educator; Research institution Biographer (literary); Editor; Educator Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut Schuller, Ivan K. (1946-) für Biogeochemie Schuchert, Charles (1858-1942) Election: 2018, Fellow Election: 1915, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Schumacher, Heinrich Christian (1780- Affiliation at election: Yale University California, San Diego 1850) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Election: 1834, FHM Career description: Paleontologist; Career description: Physicist; Affiliation at election: Altona Observatory Educator; Academic and museum Nanoscientist; Educator Residence at election: Altona, Germany administrator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Research institution administrator Schuck, Peter H. (1940-) Schulman, Brenda A. (1967-) Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 2012, Fellow Schuman, Howard (1928-) Affiliation at election: Yale Law School Affiliation at election: St. Jude Children’s Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Research Hospital Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Law scholar Residence at election: Memphis, TN Michigan (administrative); Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Current affiliation: Same Educator Career description: Sociologist; Social Current affiliation: Same psychologist; Educator Schucking, Levin Ludwig (1878-1964) Current affiliation: Phippsburg, ME Election: 1949, FHM Schultes, Richard Evans (1915-2001) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1957, Fellow Erlangen Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Erlangen, Germany Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary Career description: Botanist; Educator; scholar; Educator Museum administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 547

Schuman, William Howard (1910-1992) Schussler Fiorenza, Elisabeth (1938-) Schwartz, Jacob Theodore (1930-2009) Election: 1961, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1984, Fellow Affiliation at election: Juilliard School of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: New York Music Divinity School University Courant Institute of Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Mathematical Sciences Career description: Musician (composer); Career description: Theologian; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Harvard Divinity Career description: Mathematician; School Computer scientist; Educator Schumb, Walter Cecil (1892-1967) Election: 1932, Fellow Schutzenberger, Marcel-Paul (1920- Schwartz, Lynne Sharon (1939-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts 1996) Election: 2008, Fellow Institute of Technology Election: 1993, FHM Affiliation at election: New York, NY; Residence at election: East Milton, MA Affiliation at election: Université de Paris Bennington College Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Paris, France Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Writer (novelist, short Computer scientist; Educator story writer, essayist); Educator Current affiliation: New York, NY Schwamb, Peter (1858-1928) Election: 1889, Fellow Schwartz, Neena Betty (1926-2018) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1992, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Northwestern Residence at election: Boston, MA University Career description: Mechanical engineer; Residence at election: Evanston, IL Educator Career description: Endocrinologist; Educator Schwann, Theodor Ambrose Hubert (1810-1882) Schwartz, Stuart B. (1940-) Election: 1849, FHM Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Liege Affiliation at election: Yale University Joseph Alois Schumpeter, elected 1933. Image Residence at election: Liege, Belgium Residence at election: Guilford, CT donated by Corbis-Bettmann Career description: Physiologist; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (1883-1950) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1933, Fellow Schwartz, Alan (1940-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1995, Fellow Schwartz, William Benjamin (1922- Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Yale University Law 2009) Career description: Economist; Educator School Election: 1964, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Tufts University Schupbach, Gertrud M. (1950-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator School of Medicine; New England Center Election: 1999, Fellow Current affiliation: Yale Law School Hospital Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Boston, MA University Schwartz, Anna J. (1915-2012) Career description: Physician; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 2007, Fellow Physiologist; Educator Career description: Geneticist; Affiliation at election: National Bureau of Developmental biologist; Educator Economic Research Schwarz, Jr., Frederick A.O. (Fritz) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY (1935-) Career description: Economist Election: 2005, Fellow Schupf, Sara Lee (1941-) Affiliation at election: Brennan Center for Election: 2002, Fellow Schwartz, Benjamin Isadore (1916-1999) Justice Affiliation at election: New York Academy Election: 1963, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY of Sciences Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Lawyer Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Advocate for women Career description: Historian; Political in science; Trustee scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 548

Schwarz, Helmut F. (1943-) Scitovsky, Tibor (1910-2002) Election: 2012, FHM Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Technische Affiliation at election: University of Universitat, Berlin; Alexander von California, Berkeley Humboldt Foundation Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator; Academic administrator Sclopis di Salerano (Count), Paolo Current affiliation: Same Federigo (1798-1878) Election: 1876, FHM Schwarz, John Henry (1941-) Affiliation at election: Turin, Italy Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: Turin, Italy Affiliation at election: California Institute Career description: Historian; Jurist; of Technology Public official

Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Albert Schweitzer, elected 1954, FHM. Image Career description: Physicist; Educator donated by Corbis-Bettmann Scofidio, Ricardo (1935-) Current affiliation: Same Schweitzer, Albert (1875-1965) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1954, FHM Affiliation at election: Diller Scofidio + Schwarz, Norbert (1953-) Affiliation at election: Albert Schweitzer Renfro Election: 2004, Fellow Hospital Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Lambarene, Gabon, Career description: Architect; Company Michigan French Equatorial Africa founder Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Philosopher; Medical Current affiliation: Same Career description: Psychologist; Educator missionary; Musicologist Current affiliation: Same Scolnick, Edward Mark (1940-) Schwenk, Erwin (1887-1976) Election: 1993, Fellow Schwarzenbach, Gerold Karl (1904- Election: 1953, Fellow Affiliation at election: Merck Research 1978) Affiliation at election: Worcester Laboratories Election: 1962, FHM Foundation for Experimental Biology Residence at election: West Point, PA Affiliation at election: Eidgenossische Residence at election: Shrewsbury, MA Career description: Virologist; Geneticist; Technische Hochschule Career description: Chemist; Company Government research agency and Residence at election: Zurich, Switzerland research scientist and administrator; company research administrator Career description: Chemist; Educator; Foundation research scientist Current affiliation: Broad Institute Research institution administrator Schwinger, Julian Seymour (1918-1994) Scorsese, Martin (1942-) Schwarzschild, Martin (1912-1997) Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY University Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Actor; Director (film); Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Producer Career description: Astronomer; Educator Schwitters, Roy Frederick (1944-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1987, Fellow Schweber, Silvan Samuel (1928-2017) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Scott, Anne Byrd Firor (1921-2019) Election: 1991, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brandeis University Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Waltham, MA Current affiliation: University of Texas at Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Physicist; Historian; Austin Career description: Historian; Educator Educator Sciama, Dennis William (1926-1999) Scott, Austin Wakeman (1884-1981) Election: 1982, Fellow Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas Affiliation at election: Harvard University at Austin Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Austin, TX Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Astrophysicist; Jurist Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 549

Scott, Dana Stewart (1932-) Scott, Joanna (1960-) Scott, William Berryman (1858-1947) Election: 1972, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1912, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Princeton University Rochester University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Rochester, NY Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Writer (fiction writer); Career description: Geologist; Philosopher; Computer scientist; Educator Paleontologist; Educator; Academic Educator Current affiliation: Same administrator Current affiliation: Carnegie Mellon University Scott, Kristin (1967-) Scott Brown, Denise (1931-) Election: 2019, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Scott, Donald (1879-1967) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Venturi, Scott Election: 1936, Fellow California, Berkeley Brown and Associates, Inc. Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Neurobiologist; Career description: Architect; Urban Career description: Museum administrator Educator planner Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Scott, Francis Reginald (1899-1985) Election: 1967, FHM Scott, Matthew P. (1953-) Scrimshaw, Nevin Stewart (1918-2013) Affiliation at election: McGill University Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1975, Fellow Law School Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Montreal, Canada School of Medicine Institute of Technology Career description: Lawyer; Writer (poet, Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA essayist); Educator; Academic Career description: Geneticist; Career description: Nutritionist; administrator Developmental biologist; Educator International agency administrator; Current affiliation: Stanford School of Educator Scott, James Brown (1866-1943) Medicine Election: 1935, Fellow Scriven, L. E. (L. Edward) (1931-2007) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Scott, Jr., Nathan Alexander (1925-2006) Election: 1991, Fellow Endowment for International Peace; Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Georgetown University School of Foreign Affiliation at election: University of Minnesota Service Virginia Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Chemical engineer; Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Career description: Clergy member; Materials scientist; Educator Government official; Foundation Theologian; Educator executive Scudder, Horace Elisha (1838-1902) Scott, Rebecca J. (1950-) Election: 1889, Fellow Scott, James C. (1936-) Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Houghton, Mifflin Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Publishing Affiliation at election: Yale University Michigan Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Writer (children’s Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Historian; Educator literature, history, biography); Editor Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Scudder, Samuel Hubbard (1837-1911) Scott, Robert E. (1944-) Election: 1868, Fellow Scott, Joan Wallach (1941-) Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston Society of Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Natural History Affiliation at election: Institute for Virginia School of Law Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Advanced Study Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Entomologist; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Museum collections and library Career description: Historian; Educator Academic administrator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Columbia Law School

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 550

Scully, Marlan O. (1939-) Searle, Arthur (1837-1920) Sears, Paul Bigelow (1891-1990) Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 1877, Fellow Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Texas A&M Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Yale University University Observatory Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Bryan, TX Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Botanist; Ecologist; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Educator Current affiliation: Baylor University Academic research institution staff member Sears, Robert Richardson (1908-1989) Scully, Vincent J. (1920-2017) Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1986, Fellow Searle, George Mary (1839-1918) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1862, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: U.S. Naval Career description: Psychologist; Career description: Historian (art); Academy Educator; Academic and research Educator Residence at election: Brookline, MA institution administrator Career description: Astronomer; Mathematician; Clergy member; Educator Sears, William Rees (1913-2002) Election: 1958, Fellow Searle, John Rogers (1932-) Affiliation at election: Cornell University Election: 1977, Fellow Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Aeronautical and California, Berkeley mechanical engineer; Educator; Academic Residence at election: Berkeley, CA administrator Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Seaver, Edwin Pliny (1838-1917) Election: 1871, Fellow Sears, Barnas (1802-1880) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1866, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Brown University Career description: School administrator; Residence at election: Providence, RI Educator; Mathematician Glenn Theodore Seaborg, elected 1958. Image Career description: Educator; Academic donated by Corbis-Bettmann administrator; Fund administrator Sedgwick, Adam (1785-1873) Seaborg, Glenn Theodore (1912-1999) Election: 1844, FHM Election: 1958, Fellow Sears, David O’Keefe (1935-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1991, Fellow Cambridge California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: Berkeley, CA California, Los Angeles Career description: Geologist; Educator; Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Clergy member Research institution administrator; Career description: Psychologist; Academic administrator; Government Educator; Academic administrator Sedgwick, Ellery (1872-1960) official Current affiliation: Same Election: 1914, Fellow Affiliation at election: Atlantic Monthly Seager, Sara (1971-) Sears, Ernest Robert (1910-1991) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 2018, Fellow Election: 1953, Fellow Career description: Editor; Publisher; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Company executive Institute of Technology Missouri; U.S. Department of Agriculture Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Columbia, MO Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky (1950-2009) Career description: Astrophysicist; Career description: Geneticist; Educator; Election: 2005, Fellow Planetary scientist; Educator Government research scientist Affiliation at election: Graduate Center of Current affiliation: Same the City University of New York Sears, Mary (1905-1997) Residence at election: New York, NY Seamans, Jr., Robert Channing (1918- Election: 1964, Fellow Career description: Language and literary 2008) Affiliation at election: Woods Hole scholar; Educator Election: 1964, Fellow Oceanographic Institution Affiliation at election: National Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Sedgwick, Henry Dwight (1861-1957) Aeronautics and Space Administration Career description: Marine biologist; Election: 1919, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC Research institution staff member Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Residence at election: New York, NY Educator; Government agency Career description: Lawyer; Writer administrator (biographer, essayist); Historian

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 551

Sedgwick, Theodore (1746-1813) Seeley, John Robert (1834-1895) Segal, Jeffrey A. (1956-) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1894, FHM Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stony Brook Massachusetts Cambridge University, State University of New York Residence at election: Sheffield, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: Mt. Sinai, NY Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Political scientist; House of Representatives; U.S. Senator; Educator Jurist Seeley, Thomas Dyer (1952-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2001, Fellow Sedgwick, William Thompson (1855- Affiliation at election: Cornell University Segal, Lore (1928-) 1921) Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Election: 2006, Fellow Election: 1886, Fellow Career description: Behavioral biologist; Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Zoologist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Institute of Technology Current affiliation: Same Career description: Writer (novelist) Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biologist; Public health Seeman, Nadrian C. (1945-) expert; Educator Election: 2017, Fellow Segalman, Rachel A. (1975-) Affiliation at election: New York Election: 2019, Fellow Sedley, David Neil (1947-) University Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1998, FHM Residence at election: New York, NY California, Santa Barbara Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemist; Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA Cambridge Nanoscientist; Educator Career description: Chemical engineer; Residence at election: Cambridge, England Current affiliation: Same Educator Career description: Historian; Current affiliation: Same Philosopher; Educator Seferiades, Giorgos Stylianou Current affiliation: Same [pseudonym George Seferis] (1900-1971) Segel, Arthur I. (1951-) Election: 1966, FHM Election: 2016, Fellow Sedov, Leonid Ivanovich (1907-1999) Affiliation at election: Athens, Greece Affiliation at election: Harvard Business Election: 1960, FHM Residence at election: Athens, Greece School Affiliation at election: Moscow University Career description: Writer (poet); Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Translator; Diplomat Career description: Company founder and Career description: Mechanical engineer; executive (investment and finance); Educator Segal, Charles Paul (1936-2002) Philanthropist; Educator Election: 1992, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Seeger, Anthony (1945-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Segre, Emilio Gino (1905-1989) Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Career description: Classicist; Educator Election: 1973, Fellow Institution Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Washington, DC Segal, George (1924-2000) California, Berkeley Career description: Anthropologist; Election: 1979, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Ethnomusicologist; Music collections Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator archivist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: University of Career description: Artist (sculptor) Segura, Gary Michael (1963-) California, Los Angeles Election: 2010, Fellow Segal, Ilya R. (1969-) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Seeger, Charles Louis (1886-1979) Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Stanford, CA Educator California, Los Angeles Career description: Microeconomic Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Bridgewater, CT theorist; Educator Career description: Musicologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Sehgal, Amita (1960-) Election: 2011, Fellow Seegmiller, Jarvis Edwin (1920-2006) Segal, Irving Ezra (1918-1998) Affiliation at election: Perelman School of Election: 1982, Fellow Election: 1961, Fellow Medicine at the University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Pennsylvania California, San Diego Institute of Technology Residence at election: Haverford, PA Residence at election: San Diego, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Neuroscientist; Career description: Biochemist; Career description: Mathematician; Behavioral biologist; Educator; Academic Government science agency Educator research institution administrator administrator; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 552

Seiberg, Nathan (1956-) Seidman, Jonathan (1950-) Sekler, Eduard Franz (1920-2017) Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute for Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Harvard University Advanced Study School Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Architect; Historian; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Molecular geneticist; Educator; Academic research institution Current affiliation: Same Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Seidel, Paul A. (1970-) Sela, Michael (1924-) Election: 2014, Fellow Seidman, Louis Michael (1947-) Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Weizmann Institute Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Georgetown of Science Residence at election: Brookline, MA University Residence at election: Rehovoth, Israel Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Immunologist; Educator Career description: Legal scholar; Research institution staff member and Current affiliation: Same Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Seidenfeld, Teddy I. (1948-) Election: 2001, Fellow Seinfeld, John Hersh (1942-) Selander, Robert Keith (1927-2015) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 1985, Fellow University Affiliation at election: California Institute Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA of Technology Rochester Career description: Philosopher; Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: Rochester, NY Statistician; Educator Career description: Chemical engineer; Career description: Geneticist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Microbiologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Seidensticker, Edward George (1921- Selberg, Atle (1917-2007) 2007) Seitz, Frederick (1911-2008) Election: 1960, Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute for Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Advanced Study Michigan Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Language and literary Career description: Physicist; Educator; Educator scholar; Educator Academic administrator Seldin, Donald Wayne (1920-2018) Seidman, Christine (1952-) Seitzinger, Sybil Putnam (1952-) Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Royal Swedish Health Science Center; Parkland School; Brigham and Women’s Hospital Academy of Sciences Memorial Hospital (Dallas) Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Lidingo, Sweden Residence at election: Dallas, TX Career description: Physician; Geneticist; Career description: Ecologist; Career description: Physician; Educator Oceanographer; Learned society Nephrologist; Educator; Hospital Current affiliation: Same administrator administrator Current affiliation: Same Seidman, David Nathaniel (1938-) Selekman, Benjamin Morris (1893-1962) Election: 2010, Fellow Sejnowski, Terrence Joseph (1947-) Election: 1943, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University University Affiliation at election: Salk Institute for Graduate School of Business Residence at election: Evanston, IL Biological Studies Administration Career description: Materials scientist; Residence at election: Solana Beach, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator Career description: Neuroscientist; Career description: Business expert; Current affiliation: Same Educator; Research institution scientist Educator; Labor arbitrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 553

Seler, Eduard (1849-1922) Sellars, Wilfrid Stalker (1912-1989) Senelick, Laurence Philip (1942-) Election: 1913, FHM Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Museum fur Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Tufts University Volkerkunde Pittsburgh Residence at election: Medford, MA Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Career description: Historian (theater); Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Philosopher; Educator Language and literary scholar; Educator Philologist; Educator; Museum Current affiliation: Same administrator Sellers, William (1824-1905) Election: 1875, Associate Fellow Sennett, Richard (1943-) Seligman, Arnold Max (1912-1976) Affiliation at election: Philadelphia, PA Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: New York Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Company executive; University School; Beth Israel Hospital Mechanical engineer Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Sociologist; Educator Career description: Surgeon; Educator; Sells, Michael A. (1949-) Current affiliation: London School of Research institution administrator Election: 2016, Fellow Economics and Political Science; Affiliation at election: University of Massachusetts Institute of Technology Seligman, Joel (1950-) Chicago Election: 2016, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Sepulveda, Jaime (1954-) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Historian (religion); Election: 2014, Fellow Rochester Literary scholar; Translator; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Rochester, NY Current affiliation: Same California, San Francisco Career description: Academic Residence at election: San Francisco, CA administrator; Legal scholar Selten, Reinhard (1930-2016) Career description: Epidemiologist; Public Current affiliation: Same Election: 1992, FHM official; Public policy expert (healthcare); Affiliation at election: University of Bonn Educator Selinger, Patricia Griffiths (1949-) Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Current affiliation: Same Election: 2011, Fellow Career description: Economist; Educator Affiliation at election: IBM Almaden Serageldin, Ismail (1944-) Research Center Selwyn, Alfred Richard Cecil (1824- Election: 2012, FHM Residence at election: Los Banos, CA 1902) Affiliation at election: The Library of Career description: Computer scientist; Election: 1892, Associate Fellow Alexandria, Egypt Company research administrator Affiliation at election: Geological Survey Residence at election: Alexandria, Egypt Current affiliation: Same of Canada Career description: Library administrator; Residence at election: Ottawa, Canada Academic administrator; Educator Selker, Eric Ursell (1953-) Career description: Geologist; Current affiliation: Same Election: 2011, Fellow Government research agency Affiliation at election: University of administrator Serber, Robert (1909-1997) Oregon Election: 1979, Fellow Residence at election: Eugene, OR Selznick, Philip (1919-2010) Affiliation at election: Columbia Career description: Molecular biologist; Election: 1961, Fellow University Educator Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same California, Berkeley Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Sellards, Andrew Watson (1884-1942) Career description: Sociologist; Legal Serfaty, Sylvia (1975-) Election: 1927, Fellow scholar; Educator; Academic research Election: 2019, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical agency administrator Affiliation at election: New York School; Massachusetts General Hospital University Residence at election: Brookline, MA Sen, Amartya Kumar (1933-) Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Physician; Educator Election: 1981, FHM Career description: Applied Affiliation at election: University of mathematician; Educator Sellars, Peter (1957-) Oxford Current affiliation: Same Election: 2006, Fellow Residence at election: Oxford, England Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Economist; Educator California, Los Angeles Current affiliation: Harvard University Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Theater and opera director; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 554

Serganova, Vera (1961-) Serrin, James Burton (1926-2012) Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1914-1995) Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1984, Fellow Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of California, Berkeley Minnesota Pennsylvania Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Historian; Educator; Educator Educator Library administrator Current affiliation: Same Sert, Josep Luis (1902-1983) Sevareid, Arnold Eric (1912-1992) Election: 1954, Fellow Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Columbia Design School; Town Planning Broadcasting System Associates, New York Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Broadcast journalist Career description: Architect; Educator; Academic administrator; Company Sevcenko, Ihor (1922-2009) executive Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Sessions, Roger Huntington (1896-1985) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1961, Fellow Career description: Historian; Literary Affiliation at election: Princeton scholar; Educator University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Sever, William (1729-1809) Rudolf Serkin, elected 1960. Image donated by Career description: Musician (composer); Election: 1780, Fellow Corbis-Bettmann Educator Affiliation at election: State of

Serkin, Rudolf (1903-1991) Massachusetts Council Election: 1960, Fellow Setchell, William Albert (1864-1943) Residence at election: Kingston, MA Affiliation at election: Curtis Institute of Election: 1916, Fellow Career description: Businessperson; Public Music Affiliation at election: University of official; Jurist Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA California, Berkeley Career description: Musician (pianist); Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Sewall, David (1735-1825) Educator; Academic administrator Career description: Botanist; Educator; Election: 1780, Fellow Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts

Serota, Nicholas A. (1946-) Supreme Judicial Court Election: 2016, FHM Setlow, Richard Burton (1921-2015) Residence at election: York, ME Affiliation at election: Tate Gallery Election: 1975, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Residence at election: London, England Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Career description: Museum curator and National Laboratory Sewall, Richard Benson (1908-2003) administrator (art) Residence at election: Upton, NY Election: 1976, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biophysicist; Research Affiliation at election: Yale University institution staff member and Residence at election: New Haven, CT administrator; Educator Serra, Richard (1939-) Career description: Language and literary

Election: 1993, Fellow scholar; Educator Affiliation at election: New York, NY Settis, Salvatore (1941-) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1996, FHM Sewall, Samuel (1757-1814) Career description: Artist (sculptor) Affiliation at election: Getty Center for the Election: 1801, Fellow Current affiliation: Same History of Art and the Humanities; Scuola Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy Supreme Judicial Court Residence at election: Santa Monica, CA Serre, Jean-Pierre (1926-) Residence at election: Marblehead, MA Career description: Archaeologist; Election: 1960, FHM Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Historian (art); Educator; Academic and Affiliation at election: Collège de France House of Representatives; Jurist research institution administrator Residence at election: Paris, France Current affiliation: Scuola Normale Career description: Mathematician; Sewall, Stephen (1734-1804) Superiore di Pisa, Italy Educator Election: 1780, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 555

Seward, Albert Charles (1863-1941) Seyferth, Dietmar (1929-) Shafir, Eldar (1959-) Election: 1932, FHM Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Princeton Cambridge Institute of Technology University Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Botanist; Educator; Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Behavioral scientist; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Educator Current affiliation: Same Sewell, Jr., William H. (1940-) Seymour, Arthur Bliss (1859-1933) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 1892, Fellow Shahidi, Freydoon (1947-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2010, Fellow Chicago Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Purdue University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Botanist; Academic Residence at election: West Lafayette, IN Career description: Historian; Educator research institution staff member Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Same Educator Seymour, Charles (1885-1963) Current affiliation: Same Sewell, William Hamilton (1909-2001) Election: 1938, Fellow Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Shahn, Benjamin Zwi (1898-1969) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 1959, Fellow Wisconsin, Madison Career description: Historian; Educator; Affiliation at election: Roosevelt, NJ Residence at election: Madison, WI Academic administrator Residence at election: Roosevelt, NJ Career description: Sociologist; Educator Career description: Artist (lithographer, Seymour, Thomas Day (1848-1907) painter, illustrator, designer) Sexton, John Edward (1942-) Election: 1900, Associate Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Shalala, Donna Edna (1941-) Affiliation at election: New York Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 1992, Fellow University School of Law Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY scholar; Educator Wisconsin, Madison Career description: Academic Residence at election: Madison, WI administrator; Lawyer; Educator Seznec, Jean-Joseph (1905-1983) Career description: Political scientist; U.S. Current affiliation: New York University Election: 1943, Fellow Secretary of Health and Human Services; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Academic administrator; Educator Seybert, Adam (1773-1825) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: University of Miami Election: 1824, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Philadelphia, PA scholar; Educator Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate (1841-1906) Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Election: 1869, Fellow Career description: Mineralogist; Chemist; Shackleton, Robert (1919-1986) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Physician; Member, U.S. House of Election: 1971, FHM Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Representatives Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Geologist; Geographer; Oxford Educator; Academic and government Seydoux, Geraldine (1964-) Residence at election: Oxford, England research agency administrator Election: 2013, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins scholar; Educator; Librarian Shank, Charles Vernon (1943-) University School of Medicine Election: 1986, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Shafarevich, Igor R. (1923-2017) Affiliation at election: AT&T Bell Career description: Developmental Election: 1974, FHM Laboratories biologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Moscow State Residence at election: Holmdel, NJ Current affiliation: Same University; Academy of Sciences of the Career description: Electrical engineer; USSR Company and academic research Seyfarth, Robert Martin (1948-) Residence at election: Moscow, USSR institution administrator; Educator Election: 2012, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: University of Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Research institution staff California, Berkeley Pennsylvania member Residence at election: Devon, PA Shankar, Ramamurti (1947-) Career description: Psychologist; Election: 2014, Fellow Zoologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Yale University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cheshire, CT Career description: Theoretical physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 556

Shanker, Albert (1928-1997) Shapiro, Alan (1952-) Shapiro, Irwin Ira (1929-) Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: American Affiliation at election: University of North Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Federation of Teachers Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Technology Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Labor union leader Career description: Writer (poet, critic, Career description: Physicist; Astronomer; memoirist); Educator Educator; Observatory administrator Shanley, John Patrick (1950-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Harvard-Smithsonian Election: 2007, Fellow Center for Astrophysics Affiliation at election: New York, NY Shapiro, Ascher Herman (1916-2004) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1952, Fellow Shapiro, James S. (1955-) Career description: Writer (playwright) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2011, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Shannon, Chris (1966-) Career description: Mechanical engineer; Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2019, Fellow Educator Career description: Writer; Literary Affiliation at election: University of scholar; Educator California, Berkeley Shapiro, Eli (1916-2010) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Economic theorist; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Shapiro, Judith R. (1942-) Educator Institute of Technology Election: 2007, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Barnard College Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Shannon, Claude Elwood (1916-2001) Career description: Anthropologist; Election: 1957, Fellow Shapiro, Harold Tafler (1935-) Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1990, Fellow Current affiliation: Teagle Foundation Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Shapiro, Karl Jay (1913-2000) Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Election: 1969, Fellow Computer scientist; Company research Career description: Economist; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of staff member; Educator Academic administrator California, Davis Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Davis, CA Shannon, James Augustine (1904-1994) Career description: Writer (poet); Poet Election: 1965, Fellow Shapiro, Harry Lionel (1902-1990) laureate; Language and literary scholar; Affiliation at election: National Institutes Election: 1964, Fellow Educator of Health Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Bethesda, MD University; American Museum of Natural Shapiro, Larry Jay (1946-) Career description: Physician; Educator; History Election: 1995, Fellow Government research scientist and Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of administrator Career description: Anthropologist; California, San Francisco Educator; Museum curator Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Shapey, Ralph (1921-2002) Career description: Pediatrician; Election: 1994, Fellow Shapiro, Ian (1956-) Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2000, Fellow Current affiliation: Washington Chicago Affiliation at election: Yale University University in St. Louis School of Medicine Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Musician (composer, Career description: Political scientist; Shapiro, Lucille (1940-) conductor); Educator Educator Election: 1992, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Stanford University Shapin, Steven (1943-) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Election: 2009, Fellow Shapiro, Irving Saul (1916-2001) Career description: Molecular biologist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1978, Fellow Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: E. I. Du Pont de Current affiliation: Stanford School of Career description: Historian; Educator Nemours and Company Medicine Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Wilmington, DE Career description: Lawyer; Company executive

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 557

Shapiro, Martin Mathew (1933-) Sharples, Stephen Paschall (1842-1923) Shattuck, George Cheyne (1813-1893) Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1871, Fellow Election: 1877, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA General Hospital Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Boston, MA Legal scholar; Educator Consultant Career description: Physician; Educator Current affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, School of Law Sharpless, Karl Barry (1941-) Shattuck, Henry Lee (1879-1971) Election: 1984, Fellow Election: 1935, Fellow Shapiro, Robert Bernard (1938-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1996, Fellow Institute of Technology Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Monsanto Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Lawyer; Academic Company Career description: Chemist; Educator administrator; Legislator (state and local) Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Current affiliation: Scripps Research Career description: Lawyer; Company Institute Shattuck, John (1943-) executive Election: 2007, Fellow Current affiliation: Sandbox Industries Shatah, Jalal (1957-) Affiliation at election: John F. Kennedy Election: 2010, Fellow Library Foundation Shapley, Harlow (1885-1972) Affiliation at election: New York Residence at election: Newton, MA Election: 1920, Fellow University Courant Institute of Career description: Foundation executive; Affiliation at election: Mount Wilson Mathematical Sciences Human rights advocate; International Observatory Residence at election: New York, NY relations expert Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Educator Observatory administrator Current affiliation: Same Shattuck, Roger Whitney (1923-2005) Election: 1990, Fellow Shapley, Lloyd Stowell (1923-2016) Shatkin, Aaron Jeffrey (1934-2012) Affiliation at election: Boston University Election: 1974, Fellow Election: 1997, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Rand Corporation Affiliation at election: Center for Career description: Literary critic; Residence at election: Santa Monica, CA Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine Language and literary scholar; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Piscataway, NJ Economist; Research institution staff Career description: Biochemist; Research Shatz, Carla Jo (1947-) member; Educator institution staff member and Election: 1992, Fellow administrator; Educator Affiliation at election: Stanford University Sharer, Robert James (1940-2012) School of Medicine Election: 2004, Fellow Shattuck, Frederick Cheever (1847-1929) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1914, Fellow Career description: Neuroscientist; Pennsylvania Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Educator Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA School Current affiliation: Stanford University Career description: Anthropologist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Archaeologist; Educator; Museum curator Career description: Physician; Educator Shavell, Steven M. (1946-) Election: 2002, Fellow Sharp, Phillip Allen (1944-) Shattuck, George Cheever (1879-1972) Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Election: 1983, Fellow Election: 1933, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Economist; Legal Institute of Technology School; Boston City Hospital scholar; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Physician; Educator; Educator Hospital administrator Shaw, David E. (1951-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2007, Fellow Shattuck, George Cheyne (1783-1854) Affiliation at election: D.E. Shaw Group Sharp, Robert Phillip (1911-2004) Election: 1810, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Career description: Computer scientist; Affiliation at election: California Institute Residence at election: Boston, MA Company founder and executive of Technology Career description: Physician Current affiliation: D.E. Shaw Research Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Geomorphologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 558

Shaw, Edward Stone (1908-1994) Shawn, Wallace (1943-) Sheehan, John Clark (1915-1992) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1951, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Institute of Technology Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Writer (playwright); Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Actor Career description: Chemist; Educator Shaw, Henry Southworth (1884-1967) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1937, Fellow Shelah, Saharon (1945-) Affiliation at election: General Radio Shayn (Shajn), Grigory Abramovitch Election: 1991, FHM Company; Boston Storage Warehouse (1892-1956) Affiliation at election: Hebrew University Company Election: 1947, FHM of Jerusalem Residence at election: Exeter, NH Affiliation at election: Academy of Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Career description: Company executive; Sciences of the USSR Career description: Mathematician; Government science agency executive Residence at election: Simeis, USSR Educator Career description: Astrophysicist; Current affiliation: Same Shaw, Lemuel (1781-1861) Observatory administrator Election: 1823, Fellow Shelby, Tommie (1967-) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Shear, Theodore Leslie (1880-1945) Election: 2019, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1934, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Jurist; Lawyer; Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Government official (state legislator) University Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Current affiliation: Same Shaw, Milton Clayton (1915-2006) Career description: Archaeologist; Election: 1953, Fellow Educator; Museum curator Sheldon, Edward Stevens (1851-1925) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1904, Fellow Institute of Technology Shearman, John Kinder Gowran (1931- Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA 2003) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mechanical engineer; Election: 1993, Fellow Career description: Philologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Lexicographer; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Shaw, Ruth G. (1955-) Career description: Historian (art); Sheldon, Eleanor Bernert (1920-) Election: 2018, Fellow Educator Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Social Science Minnesota Shechtman, Dan (1941-) Research Council Residence at election: St. Paul, MN Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Geneticist; Educator Affiliation at election: Technion-Israel Career description: Sociologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Institute of Technology Current affiliation: New York, NY Residence at election: Haifa, Israel Shaw, Samuel (1754-1794) Career description: Materials scientist; Sheldon, Henry Newton (1843-1926) Election: 1790, Fellow Engineer; Educator Election: 1913, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bridgewater, MA Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Bridgewater, MA Supreme Judicial Court Career description: Merchant; Diplomat Shectman, Stephen A. (1949-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1997, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Shaw, William Napier (1854-1945) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Election: 1918, FHM of Washington Shelemay, Kay Kaufman (1948-) Affiliation at election: Meteorological Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Election: 2000, Fellow Office Career description: Astronomer; Research Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: London, England institution staff member Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Meteorologist; Current affiliation: Carnegie Institution Career description: Musicologist; Educator; Research institution for Science, Pasadena, CA Ethnomusicologist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Sheehan, James John (1937-) Shaw, William Smith (1778-1826) Election: 1992, Fellow Shell, Marc (1947-) Election: 1810, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Government; Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Boston Athenaeum Career description: Historian; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Language and literary Career description: Librarian; Lawyer scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 559

Shelley, Michael J. (1959-) Shepard, Charles Upham (1804-1886) Sheppard, Dean (1949-) Election: 2019, Fellow Election: 1849, Associate Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Affiliation at election: South Carolina Affiliation at election: University of University Medical College; Amherst College California, San Francisco School of Residence at election: New York City, NY Residence at election: Amherst, MA Medicine Career description: Applied Career description: Mineralogist; Educator Residence at election: San Francisco, CA mathematician; Educator Career description: Medical scientist; Current affiliation: Same Shepard, Roger Newland (1929-) Physician; Educator Election: 1980, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Shemin, David (1911-1991) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1961, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Shepsle, Kenneth A. (1945-) Affiliation at election: Columbia Career description: Psychologist; Educator Election: 1990, Fellow University Current affiliation: Stanford School of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: New York, NY Medicine Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Career description: Political scientist; Research institution administrator Shepard, Sam (1943-2017) Educator Election: 1989, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Shen, Yuen-Ron (1935-) Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 1990, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Sherburn, George Wiley (1884-1962) Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Writer (playwright); Election: 1945, Fellow California, Berkeley Actor Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Shepherd, Francis John (1851-1929) Career description: Language and literary Current affiliation: Same Election: 1918, FHM scholar; Educator Affiliation at election: McGill University; Shen, Zhixun (1960-) Royal Victoria Hospital Sherman, Cindy (1954-) Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Montreal, Canada Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Anatomist; Surgeon; Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Stanford, CA Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Applied physicist; Career description: Artist (photographer) Educator Shepherd, Gordon Murray (1933-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Sherr, Charles J. (1944-) Shenk, Thomas E. (1947-) Residence at election: Enfield, CT Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Career description: Neuroscientist; Affiliation at election: St. Jude Children’s Affiliation at election: Princeton Educator Research Hospital University Current affiliation: Yale School of Residence at election: Memphis, TN Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Medicine Career description: Medical geneticist; Career description: Microbiologist; Research institution scientist Geneticist; Educator Shepley, Henry Richardson (1887-1962) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 1932, Fellow Affiliation at election: Shepley, Bulfinch, Sherrill, Henry Knox (1890-1980) Shenker, Scott J. (1956-) Richardson and Abbott Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Residence at election: Brookline, MA Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Architect; Company Residence at election: Boston, MA California, Berkeley executive Career description: Clergy member Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Computer scientist; Shepp, Lawrence Alan (1936-2013) Sherrill, Miles Standish (1877-1965) Educator Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1915, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: AT&T Bell Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Laboratories Institute of Technology Shenker, Stephen H. (1953-) Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Residence at election: Brookline, MA Election: 2006, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Stanford University Statistician; Company research staff Residence at election: Portola Valley, CA member; Educator Sherrington, Charles Scott (1857-1952) Career description: Physicist; Educator Election: 1918, FHM Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Oxford Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Physiologist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 560

Sherwin, Martin Jay (1937-) Shiffrin, Richard Martin (1942-) Shimer, Hervey Woodburn (1872-1965) Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1911, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tufts University Affiliation at election: Indiana University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Institute of Technology Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: George Mason Current affiliation: Same Career description: Paleontologist; University Educator Shiffrin, Seana Valentine (1969-) Sherwin, Thomas (1799-1869) Election: 2010, Fellow Shimer, Robert J. (1968-) Election: 1836, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston English California, Los Angeles Affiliation at election: University of High School Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Chicago Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Educator; School Current affiliation: Same Career description: Economist; Educator administrator; Author Current affiliation: Same Shigesada, Nanako (1942-) Sherwood, Thomas Kilgore (1903-1976) Election: 2007, FHM Shimizu, Yoshiaki (1936-) Election: 1948, Fellow Affiliation at election: Doshisha University Election: 2013, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Kyotanabe, Japan Affiliation at election: Princeton Institute of Technology Career description: Ecologist; Educator University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Portland, OR Career description: Chemical engineer; Career description: Art scholar; Educator Educator; Academic administrator Shih, Choon Fong (1945-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2006, FHM Sheshinski, Eytan (1937-) Affiliation at election: National University Shimony, Abner Eliezer (1928-2015) Election: 1984, FHM of Singapore Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hebrew University Residence at election: Singapore, Republic Affiliation at election: Boston University of Jerusalem of Singapore Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Career description: Engineer; Educator; Career description: Physicist; Philosopher; Career description: Economist; Educator Academic administrator Educator Current affiliation: The College of Current affiliation: Same Management--Academic Studies Shine, Kenneth I. (1935-) Shiller, Robert James (1946-) Election: 1996, Fellow Shi, Yang (1960-) Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute of Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Medicine Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Washington, DC School; Boston Children’s Hospital Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Cardiologist; Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: University of Texas Career description: Cell biologist; System Pathologist; Research institution scientist; Shilling, Charles Wesley (1901-1995) Educator Election: 1957, Fellow Shine, Richard (1950-) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: U.S. Atomic Energy Election: 2019, IHM Commission Affiliation at election: University of Shi, Yigong (1967-) Residence at election: Washington, DC Sydney Election: 2013, FHM Career description: Physician; Residence at election: New South Wales,, Affiliation at election: Tsinghua University Government research scientist and Australia Residence at election: Beijing, China administrator; Professional society Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Career description: Molecular biologist; executive Ecologist; Educator Educator; Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Shils, Edward Albert (1910-1995) Election: 1968, Fellow Shinn, George Latimer (1923-2013) Shiff, Richard (1943-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1989, Fellow Election: 2018, Fellow Chicago Affiliation at election: First Boston, Inc. Affiliation at election: University of Texas Residence at election: Chicago, IL and First Boston Corporation at Austin Career description: Sociologist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Austin, TX Career description: Investment banker Career description: Art scholar and critic; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 561

Shipley, Walter Vincent (1935-) Shochet, Melvyn Jay (1944-) Shokat, Kevan M. (1964-) Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Chicago California, San Francisco Career description: Bank executive Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Current affiliation: JPMorgan Chase Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Cellular biologist; Current affiliation: Same Biochemist; Educator Shipton, Clifford Kenyon (1902-1973) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1952, Fellow Shockley, William Bradford (1910-1989) Affiliation at election: American Election: 1953, Fellow Shooter, Eric Manvers (1924-2018) Antiquarian Society; Harvard University Affiliation at election: Bell Telephone Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Worcester, MA Laboratories Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Residence at election: Stanford, CA Librarian; Archivist Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Biochemist; Company research scientist and executive Neurobiologist; Educator Shirane, Gen (1924-2005) Election: 1991, Fellow Shoemaker, Carolyn Spellman (1929-) Shope, Richard Edwin (1901-1966) Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1959, Fellow National Laboratory Affiliation at election: Lowell Observatory Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Residence at election: Upton, NY Residence at election: Flagstaff, AZ for Medical Research Career description: Physicist; Research Career description: Astronomer; Research Residence at election: New York, NY institution staff member institution staff member Career description: Epidemiologist; Current affiliation: Same Microbiologist; Educator Shirley, David Arthur (1934-) Election: 1980, Fellow Shoemaker, David Powell (1920-1995) Shor, Peter Williston (1959-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Research institution administrator Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Honolulu, HI Computer scientist; Educator Shoemaker, Eugene Merle (1928-1997) Current affiliation: Same Shklar, Judith Nisse (1928-1992) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Geological Short, Charles Wilkins (1794-1863) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Survey Election: 1855, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Flagstaff, AZ Affiliation at election: Louisville, KY Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Geologist; Educator; Residence at election: Louisville, KY Educator Government research scientist Career description: Botanist; Physician; Educator Shklovsky, Josif Samuilovich (1916- Shoemaker, Sydney Sharpless (1931-) 1985) Election: 1996, Fellow Short, Roger Valentine (1930-) Election: 1967, FHM Affiliation at election: Cornell University Election: 1997, FHM Affiliation at election: Moscow University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Affiliation at election: Royal Women’s Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Career description: Philosopher; Educator Hospital Career description: Astrophysicist; Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Carlton Victoria, Educator; Research institution Australia administrator Shoenberg, David (1911-2004) Career description: Physiologist Election: 1982, FHM (reproductive biologist); Educator; Shleifer, Andrei (1961-) Affiliation at election: University of Research institution staff member and Election: 2000, Fellow Cambridge administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, England Current affiliation: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Melbourne, Australia Career description: Economist; Educator Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 562

Shorter, Wayne (1933-) Shuger, Debora Kuller (1953-) Shulman, Marshall Darrow (1916-2007) Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Tufts University California, Los Angeles California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Medford, MA Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Culver City, CA Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Musician Career description: Literary scholar; Educator; Academic research agency (saxophonist); Composer; Educator Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Shultz, George Pratt (1920-) Shoven, John B. (1947-) Shuler, Michael Louis (1947-) Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Cornell University Labor Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Biochemical engineer; Career description: Economist; Educator; Academic administrator Educator U.S. Secretary of State Current affiliation: Stanford, CA Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Stanford University

Shrock, Robert Rakes (1904-1993) Shull, Clifford Glenwood (1915-2001) Shuman, Stewart (1955-) Election: 1954, Fellow Election: 1957, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Memorial Sloan Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Kettering Cancer Center Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Geologist; Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Molecular biologist; Government research institution staff Research institution scientist Shryock, Richard Harrison (1893-1972) member Current affiliation: Same Election: 1949, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Shull, Harrison (1923-2003) Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet (1810- Pennsylvania Election: 1973, Fellow 1874) Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Affiliation at election: Indiana University Election: 1851, Fellow Career description: Historian; Educator; Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Research institution administrator Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Boston, MA Academic administrator Career description: Physician; Author; Shu, Frank H. (1943-) Editor; Government official Election: 1992, Fellow Shulman, David D. (1949-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2015, Fellow Shuster, George Nauman (1894-1977) California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Hebrew University Election: 1950, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Affiliation at election: Hunter College Career description: Astrophysicist; Career description: Religion scholar; Residence at election: New York, NY Educator; Academic administrator Educator Career description: Literary scholar; Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Editor; Academic administrator

Shubik, Martin (1926-2018) Shulman, Gerald I. (1953-) Shuvalov, Vladimir A. (1943-) Election: 1985, Fellow Election: 2018, Fellow Election: 1998, FHM Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Yale School of Affiliation at election: Russian Academy of Residence at election: New Haven, CT Medicine Sciences Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Moscow, Russia Career description: Endocrinologist; Career description: Biologist; Biophysicist; Shubin, Neil H. (1960-) Government science agency researcher; Research institution administrator Election: 2009, Fellow Educator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Chicago Shweder, Richard Allan (1945-) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Shulman, Lee S. (1938-) Election: 1997, Fellow Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Carnegie Chicago Current affiliation: Same Foundation for the Advancement of Residence at election: Chicago, IL Teaching Career description: Psychologist; Residence at election: Menlo Park, CA Anthropologist; Educator Career description: Education specialist; Current affiliation: Same Educator; Foundation executive Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 563

Sibelius, Jean Julius Christian (1865- Siebel, Thomas M. (1952-) Siegel, Reva Beth (1956-) 1957) Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 1941, FHM Affiliation at election: C3 Energy; First Affiliation at election: Yale Law School Affiliation at election: Helsinki, Finland Virtual Group Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Helsinki, Finland Residence at election: Woodside, CA Career description: Legal scholar; Career description: Musician (composer) Career description: Company founder and Educator executive (technology); Philanthropist Current affiliation: Same Sibley, John Langdon (1804-1885) Current affiliation: C3 Energy Election: 1876, Fellow Siegelbaum, Steven A. (1952-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Siebold, Carl Theodor Ernst von (1804- Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA 1885) Affiliation at election: Columbia Career description: Librarian; Historian; Election: 1854, FHM University College of Physicians and Biographer Affiliation at election: University of Surgeons Munich Residence at election: New York, NY Sidanius, James H. (1945-) Residence at election: Munich, Germany Career description: Neuroscientist; Election: 2007, Fellow Career description: Zoologist; Educator Pharmacologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Sieburth, Richard (1949-) Career description: Psychologist; Educator Election: 2007, Fellow Siegelman, Harold William (1920-1993) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: New York Election: 1972, Fellow University Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Siddiqui, Mona (1963-) Residence at election: New York, NY National Laboratory Election: 2019, IHM Career description: Literary scholar; Residence at election: Upton, NY Affiliation at election: University of Educator Career description: Plant biochemist; Edinburgh Current affiliation: Same Physiologist; Government research Residence at election: Edinburgh, United scientist and administrator Kingdom Sieg, Wilfried (1945-) Career description: Religion scholar; Election: 2007, Fellow Siegman, Anthony Edward (1931-2011) Educator Affiliation at election: Carnegie Mellon Election: 1984, Fellow Current affiliation: Same University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Mt. Lebanon, PA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Sidgwick, Henry (1838-1900) Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Electrical engineer; Election: 1888, FHM Current affiliation: Same Educator Affiliation at election: University of Cambridge Siegbahn, Kai Manne Borge (1918-2007) Siegmund, David Oliver (1941-) Residence at election: Cambridge, England Election: 1978, FHM Election: 1994, Fellow Career description: Philosopher; Ethicist; Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Stanford University Educator Uppsala Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Uppsala, Sweden Career description: Statistician; Educator Sidgwick, Nevil Vincent (1873-1952) Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Election: 1938, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg (1886- Siekevitz, Philip (1918-2009) Oxford 1978) Election: 1978, Fellow Residence at election: Oxford, England Election: 1969, FHM Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Nobel Institute of University Experimental Physics Residence at election: New York, NY Sidman, Richard Leon (1928-) Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Career description: Cell biologist; Election: 1973, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Research institution administrator School Sierra, Roberto (1953-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Siegel, Carl Ludwig (1896-1981) Election: 2010, Fellow Career description: Neuroscientist; Election: 1979, FHM Affiliation at election: Cornell University Educator Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Current affiliation: Same Goettingen Career description: Musician (composer); Residence at election: Goettingen, Educator Germany Current affiliation: Same Career description: Mathematician; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 564

Siever, Raymond (1923-2004) Silk, Joan B. (1953-) Silver, James Wesley (1907-1988) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1965, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Arizona State Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Mississippi Career description: Geologist; Educator; Residence at election: Tempe, AZ Residence at election: University, MS Government research agency staff Career description: Evolutionary Career description: Historian; Educator; member anthropologist; Behavioral ecologist; Civil rights activist Educator Sifakis, Joseph (1946-) Current affiliation: Same Silver, Leon Theodore (1925-) Election: 2015, FHM Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: École Polytechnique Silk, Joseph I. (1942-) Affiliation at election: California Institute Fédérale de Lausanne; CNRS Election: 2007, Fellow of Technology Residence at election: Lausanne, Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Switzerland Oxford Career description: Geologist; Geochemist; Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Oxford, England Educator; Government research agency Educator Career description: Astronomer; Educator staff member Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Sigerist, Henry Ernest (1891-1957) Silko, Leslie Marmon (1948-) Silver, Pamela A. (1952-) Election: 1951, FHM Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Tucson, AZ Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Pura, Switzerland Residence at election: Tucson, AZ School; Wyss Institute for Biologically Career description: Historian (medicine); Career description: Writer (novelist, poet); Inspired Engineering Educator; Academic research agency Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA administrator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Sigler, Paul Benjamin (1934-2000) Silliman, Benjamin (1779-1864) Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 1815, Associate Fellow Silver, Paul G. (1948-2009) Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Chemist; Geologist; of Washington Educator Educator Residence at election: Rockville, MD Career description: Geophysicist Sikkink, Kathryn A. (1955-) Silliman, Jr., Benjamin (1816-1885) Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1851, Associate Fellow Silver, Rae (1945-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 2003, Fellow Minnesota Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Career description: Chemist; Geologist; University Career description: Political scientist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Educator Career description: Neurobiologist; Current affiliation: Same Sills, Beverly (1929-2007) Psychologist; Educator Election: 1998, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Silbey, Robert J. (1940-2011) Affiliation at election: Lincoln Center for Election: 1991, Fellow the Performing Arts Silverman, Debora Leah (1954-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2008, Fellow Institute of Technology Career description: Musician (operatic Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA soprano); Musical organization California, Los Angeles Career description: Chemist; Educator; administrator Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Academic administrator Career description: Historian (art); Silone, Ignazio (1900-1978) Educator Silhavy, Thomas J. (1948-) Election: 1977, FHM Current affiliation: Same Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rome, Italy Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Rome, Italy Silverman, Kenneth Eugene (1936-2017) University Career description: Writer (novelist, Election: 2002, Fellow Residence at election: Princeton, NJ playwright, essayist); Editor; Political Affiliation at election: New York Career description: Geneticist; Molecular activist University biologist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 565

Silverman, Richard Bruce (1946-) Simic, Charles (1938-) Simmons, Ruth J. (1945-) Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Northwestern Affiliation at election: University of New Affiliation at election: Smith College University Hampshire Residence at election: Northampton, MA Residence at election: Winetka, IL Residence at election: Durham, NH Career description: Academic Career description: Chemist; Inventor; Career description: Writer (poet); administrator Educator Educator Current affiliation: Prairie View A&M Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same University

Silvers, Robert Benjamin (1929-2017) Simmons, Adele Smith (1941-) Simms, Margaret C. (1946-) Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Review Affiliation at election: John D. and Affiliation at election: Joint Center for of Books Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Political and Economic Studies Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Editor Career description: Academic Career description: Economist; Public administrator; Foundation executive policy specialist; Research institution Silverstein, Joseph Harry (1932-2015) Current affiliation: Metropolis Strategies administrator; Educator Election: 1965, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Boston Symphony Simmons, Beth Ann (1958-) Orchestra Election: 2009, Fellow Simon, Barry (1946-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 2005, Fellow Career description: Musician (violinist, Residence at election: Lexington, MA Affiliation at election: California Institute conductor); Musical organization Career description: Political scientist; of Technology administrator Educator; Academic research institution Residence at election: Pasadena, CA administrator Career description: Mathematician; Silverstein, Michael (1945-) Current affiliation: Same Physicist; Educator Election: 1991, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Simmons, Jr., Howard Ensign (1929- Chicago 1997) Simon, Claude (1913-2005) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1975, Fellow Election: 1987, FHM Career description: Linguist; Affiliation at election: E. I. Du Pont de Affiliation at election: Paris, France Anthropologist; Educator Nemours and Company Residence at election: Paris, France Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Wilmington, DE Career description: Writer (novelist) Career description: Chemist; Company Silverstein, Samuel Charles (1937-) research scientist and executive Simon, Franz Eugen (Francis) (1893- Election: 2003, Fellow 1956) Affiliation at election: Columbia Simmons, James Stevens (1890-1954) Election: 1952, FHM University Election: 1947, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard School of Oxford Career description: Cell biologist; Public Health Residence at election: Oxford, England Immunologist; Educator Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator Current affiliation: Columbia University Career description: Bacteriologist; Military College of Physicians and Surgeons officer; Academic administrator Simon, Herbert Alexander (1916-2001) Election: 1959, Fellow Simberloff, Daniel Solomon (1942-) Simmons, Michelle Yvonne (1967-) Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institute Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 2014, FHM of Technology Affiliation at election: Florida State Affiliation at election: University of New Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA University South Wales Career description: Psychologist; Residence at election: Tallahassee, FL Residence at election: Sydney, Australia Economist; Educator; Academic Career description: Ecologist; Career description: Experimental administrator Evolutionary biologist; Educator physicist; Research institution Current affiliation: University of administrator; Educator Simon, Jules Francois (1814-1896) Tennessee Current affiliation: Same Election: 1884, FHM Affiliation at election: Academy of Moral and Political Sciences Residence at election: Paris, France Career description: Government official (legislator); Philosopher; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 566

Simon, Leon Melvyn (1945-) Simonds, Bruce (1895-1989) Simpson, Jr., Claude Mitchell (1910- Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1948, Fellow 1976) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Yale University; Election: 1972, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Westover School Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Hamden, CT Residence at election: Stanford, CA Educator Career description: Musician (pianist); Career description: Language and literary Current affiliation: Same Educator; Academic administrator scholar; Educator; Folklorist

Simon, Leslie Earl (1900-1983) Simons, James Harris (1938-) Simpson, David E. (1951-) Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 2016, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Army Affiliation at election: Renaissance Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Washington, DC Technologies California, Davis Career description: Engineer; Statistician; Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Davis, CA Government research scientist and Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Literary scholar; administrator; Company executive Company executive Educator Current affiliation: Euclidean Capital LLC Current affiliation: Same Simon, M. Celeste (1954-) Election: 2014, Fellow Simons, Kai Lennart (1938-) Simpson, George Gaylord (1902-1984) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1996, FHM Election: 1948, Fellow Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Affiliation at election: European Affiliation at election: Columbia Medicine Molecular Biology Laboratory University; American Museum of Natural Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Heidelberg, History Career description: Cellular biologist; Germany Residence at election: New York, NY Educator; Academic research institution Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Paleontologist; administrator and scientist Virologist; Research institution Educator; Academic and museum Current affiliation: Same administrator administrator; Foundation executive Current affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut Simon, Melvin I. (1937-) für Molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik Simpson, Joanne (1923-2010) Election: 1987, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute Simonyi, Charles (1948-) Affiliation at election: NASA Goddard of Technology Election: 2008, Fellow Space Flight Center Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Affiliation at election: Intentional Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Molecular biologist; Software Corporation Career description: Government research Educator Residence at election: Bellevue, WA institution administrator; Meteorologist; Current affiliation: University of Career description: Computer scientist; Educator California, San Diego Company executive Current affiliation: Same Simpson, John Alexander (1916-2000) Simon, Paul (1941-) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Simpson, Alfred William Brian (1931- Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York, NY 2011) Chicago Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Musician (singer, Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physicist; Educator songwriter); Humanitarian Michigan Law School Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Simpson, Larry (1940-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator Election: 2012, Fellow Simoncelli, Eero P. (1962-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2019, Fellow Simpson, Beryl Brintnall (1942-) California, Los Angeles Geffen School of Affiliation at election: New York Election: 1994, Fellow Medicine University Affiliation at election: University of Texas Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: New York, NY at Austin Career description: Microbiologist; Career description: Computational Residence at election: Austin, TX Molecular biologist; Educator neuroscientist; Government research Career description: Botanist; Educator Current affiliation: Same scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 567

Simpson, Lewis P. (1916-2005) Sinanoglu, Oktay (1935-2015) Singer, Maxine Frank (1931-) Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1970, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: Louisiana State Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: National Cancer University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Institute Residence at election: Baton Rouge, LA Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Language and literary Career description: Biochemist; Research scholar; Educator; Editor Sinclair, Barbara (1940-2016) agency administrator Election: 1992, Fellow Current affiliation: Washington, DC Simpson, Lorna (1960-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2016, Fellow California, Riverside Singer, Milton Borah (1912-1994) Affiliation at election: Brooklyn, NY Residence at election: Riverside, CA Election: 1972, Fellow Residence at election: Brooklyn, NY Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Artist (photographer, Educator Chicago video artist) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Current affiliation: Same Sinclair (Baronet), John (1754-1835) Career description: Anthropologist; Election: 1797, FHM Educator Simpson, Marietta (1959-) Affiliation at election: Board of Election: 2019, Fellow Agriculture, Great Britain Singer, Robert H. (1945-) Affiliation at election: Indiana University Residence at election: Ulbster, Scotland Election: 2009, Fellow Jacobs School of Music Career description: Agriculturist; Affiliation at election: Albert Einstein Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Statistical compiler; Member of College of Medicine of Yeshiva University Career description: Musician (theatrical Parliament Residence at election: New York, NY and operatic mezzo-soprano) Career description: Cell biologist; Current affiliation: Same Sinfelt, John Henry (1931-2011) Educator; Academic research institution Election: 1980, Fellow administrator Simpson, Sidney Post (1898-1949) Affiliation at election: Exxon Research & Current affiliation: Same Election: 1936, Fellow Engineering Company Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Linden, NJ Singer, Seymour Jonathan (1924-2017) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Company Election: 1971, Fellow Career description: Lawyer; Educator research administrator Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Sims, Christopher Albert (1942-) Singer, Isaac Bashevis (1904-1991) Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Career description: Biochemist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York, NY Minnesota Residence at election: New York, NY Singleton, Charles Southward (1909- Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Career description: Writer (novelist, short 1985) Career description: Economist; Educator story writer); Translator; Editor Election: 1950, Fellow Current affiliation: Princeton University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Singer, Isadore Manuel (1924-) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Sims, William Sowden (1858-1936) Election: 1959, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Election: 1929, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts scholar; Educator; Academic Affiliation at election: Naval War College; Institute of Technology administrator U.S. Navy Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Newport, RI Career description: Mathematician; Sinnott, Edmund Ware (1888-1968) Career description: Naval officer; Educator Election: 1934, Fellow Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Columbia University Sinai, Yakov Grigoryevich (1935-) Singer, Marcus Joseph (1914-1994) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1983, FHM Election: 1958, Fellow Career description: Botanist; Geneticist; Affiliation at election: Academy of Affiliation at election: Cornell University Educator; Academic and research Sciences of the USSR Residence at election: Ithaca, NY institution administrator Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Career description: Physicist; Research Research institution administrator Sinsheimer, Robert Louis (1920-2017) institution staff member Election: 1965, Fellow Current affiliation: Princeton University Affiliation at election: California Institute of Technology Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Biophysicist; Educator; Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 568

Sipser, Michael (1954-) Sizer, Irwin Whiting (1910-2000) Skinner, James Lauriston (1953-) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Theoretical computer Career description: Physiologist; Career description: Chemist; Educator scientist; Educator; Biochemist; Educator; Academic Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same administrator Skinner, Quentin Robert Duthie (1940-) Sisman, Elaine (1952-) Sizer, Theodore Ryland (1932-2009) Election: 1986, FHM Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Brown University Cambridge University Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Educationist; Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Musicologist; Educator Academic administrator Current affiliation: Queen Mary, Current affiliation: Same University of London Sjoqvist, Erik (1903-1975) Sitney, P. Adams (1944-) Election: 1963, Fellow Sklar, Lawrence (1938-) Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton University Affiliation at election: University of University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Michigan Residence at election: Hopewell, NJ Career description: Archaeologist; Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Career description: Writer (essayist, Educator; Librarian; Research institution Career description: Philosopher; Educator novelist); Historian (art); Film archive administrator Current affiliation: Same founder; Educator Current affiliation: Same Sjostrand, Fritiof Stig (1912-2011) Skocpol, Theda (1947-) Election: 1965, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Sitter, Willem de (1872-1934) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1929, FHM California, Los Angeles Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Sociologist; Political Leiden; Leiden Observatory Career description: Molecular biologist; scientist; Educator; Academic Residence at election: Leiden, Netherlands Neuroanatomist; Educator administrator Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Observatory administrator Sjöstrand, Johannes N. (1947-) Election: 2017, FHM Skolnikoff, Eugene Bertram (1928-) Siu, Yum-Tong (1943-) Affiliation at election: Institut de Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1998, Fellow Mathématiques de Bourgogne Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Dijon, France Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Mathematician; Academic research institution Career description: Political scientist; Educator administrator; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same

Sivin, Nathan (1931-) Skalka, Anna Marie (1938-) Skoog, Folke Karl (1908-2001) Election: 1977, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1959, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Fox Chase Cancer Affiliation at election: University of Pennsylvania Center Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Molecular biologist; Career description: Botanist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Virologist; Research institution administrator Skorokhod, Anatoli Vladimirovich Siza (Siza Vieira), Alvaro Joaquim Melo Current affiliation: Same (1930-2011) (1933-) Election: 2000, Fellow Election: 1992, FHM Skinner, Burrhus Frederic (1904-1990) Affiliation at election: Michigan State Affiliation at election: Escola Superior de Election: 1952, Fellow University Belas Artes do Porto Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: East Lansing, MI Residence at election: Porto, Portugal Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Statistician; Career description: Architect; Educator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Mathematician; Educator; Research Current affiliation: Porto, Portugal institution staff member and administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 569

Skorton, David J. (1949-) Slatyer, Ralph Owen (1929-2012) Slichter, Louis Byrne (1896-1978) Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1981, FHM Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: Australian National Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Ithaca, NY University California, Los Angeles Career description: Academic Residence at election: Canberra, Australia Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA administrator; Biomedical researcher; Career description: Ecologist; Research Career description: Geophysicist; Cardiologist; Educator organization staff member; Educator Educator; Company executive; Academic Current affiliation: Association of research agency administrator American Medical Colleges Slaughter, Anne-Marie (1958-) Election: 2002, Fellow Slichter, William Pence (1922-1990) Skou, Jens Christian (1918-2018) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1985, Fellow Election: 1999, FHM Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Bell Telephone Affiliation at election: Aarhus University Career description: Lawyer; International Laboratories Residence at election: Aarhus, Denmark relations scholar; Educator Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Current affiliation: Princeton University; Career description: Chemist; Company New America Foundation research scientist and administrator Skowronek, Stephen (1951-) Election: 2004, Fellow Slaughter, John Brooks (1934-) Slim, Harry Colin (1929-) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Occidental College Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA California, Irvine Educator Career description: Academic and Residence at election: Irvine, CA Current affiliation: Same research organization administrator; Career description: Musicologist; Educator Electrical engineer; Physicist Current affiliation: Same Skyrms, Brian (1938-) Current affiliation: University of Southern Election: 1994, Fellow California Slipher, Vesto Melvin (1875-1969) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1909, Associate Fellow California, Irvine Slaughter, Matthew J. (1968-) Affiliation at election: Lowell Observatory Residence at election: Irvine, CA Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Flagstaff, AZ Career description: Philosopher; Educator Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Career description: Astronomer; Current affiliation: University of Residence at election: Hanover, NH Observatory administrator California, Irvine; Stanford University Career description: Economist; Public policy scholar; Educator Slive, Seymour (1920-2014) Slater, John Clarke (1900-1976) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1964, Fellow Election: 1927, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Slepian, David (1923-2007) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1990, Fellow Career description: Fine arts scholar; Career description: Physicist; Educator; Affiliation at election: AT&T Bell Educator; Museum administrator Academic administrator Laboratories Residence at election: Murray Hill, NJ Sloan, Jr., Alfred Pritchard (1875-1966) Slatkin, Leonard Edward (1944-) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Electrical engineer; Company research Affiliation at election: General Motors Affiliation at election: St. Louis Symphony administrator; Educator Corporation Orchestra Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Slezkine, Yuri (1956-) Career description: Company executive Career description: Musician (conductor); Election: 2008, Fellow Musical organization administrator Affiliation at election: University of Sloan, George Arthur (1893-1955) Current affiliation: Detroit Symphony California, Berkeley Election: 1949, Fellow Orchestra Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Metropolitan Opera Career description: Historian; Educator Association Slatkin, Montgomery (1945-) Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1997, Fellow Career description: Company executive; Affiliation at election: University of Slichter, Charles Pence (1924-2018) Civic leader; Government official; Arts California, Berkeley Election: 1969, Fellow patron Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Evolutionary biologist; Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Geneticist; Educator Residence at election: Urbana, IL Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 570

Sloan, John French (1871-1951) Slotkin, Richard S. (1942-) Smelser, Neil Joseph (1930-2017) Election: 1948, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Wesleyan Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New York, NY University California, Berkeley Career description: Artist (painter, Residence at election: Middletown, CT Residence at election: Berkeley, CA illustrator, printmaker) Career description: Historian; Writer Career description: Sociologist; Educator; (novelist); Educator Academic and research institution Sloane, William Milligan (1850-1928) Current affiliation: Same administrator Election: 1913, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Slovic, Paul (1938-) Smiley, Jane Graves (1949-) University Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Decision Research; Affiliation at election: Iowa State Career description: Historian; Educator University of Oregon University Residence at election: Eugene, OR Residence at election: Ames, IA Slobin, Dan I. (1939-) Career description: Behavioral scientist; Career description: Writer (fiction writer); Election: 2009, Fellow Educator Educator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: New York, NY California, Berkeley Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Smagorinsky, Joseph (1924-2005) Smith, Alastair (1954-) Career description: Linguist; Educator; Election: 1986, Fellow Election: 2013, Fellow Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: New York Current affiliation: Same University; U.S. National Oceanic and University Atmospheric Administration Residence at election: New York, NY Slobin, Mark S. (1944-) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Political scientist; Election: 2017, Fellow Career description: Meteorologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Wesleyan Government research institution Current affiliation: Same University administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Smith, Albert Charles (1906-1999) Career description: Musicologist; Educator Smale, Stephen (1930-) Election: 1944, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Jamaica Plain, MA Slobodkin, Lawrence Basil (1928-2009) California, Berkeley Career description: Botanist; Educator; Election: 1970, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Museum curator Affiliation at election: State University of Career description: Mathematician; New York at Stony Brook Educator Smith, Alexander (1865-1922) Residence at election: Stony Brook, NY Current affiliation: Same Election: 1914, Fellow Career description: Ecologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Columbia Smalley, Richard Errett (1943-2005) University Slocum, Frederick (1873-1944) Election: 1991, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1917, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rice University Career description: Chemist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Wesleyan Residence at election: Houston, TX Academic administrator University Career description: Chemical physicist; Residence at election: Middletown, CT Educator Smith III, Amos Brittain (1944-) Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Election: 2006, Fellow Observatory administrator Smarr, Larry L. (1948-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1994, Fellow Pennsylvania Slonimski, Piotr (1922-2009) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Merion, PA Election: 1995, FHM Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Centre National de Residence at election: Urbana, IL Current affiliation: Same la Recherche Scientifique Career description: Astrophysicist; Residence at election: Gif-sur-Yvette, Information scientist; Informational and Smith, Anna Deavere (1950-) France computer institution administrator; Election: 2019, Fellow Career description: Geneticist; Educator; Educator Affiliation at election: New York Research agency administrator Current affiliation: University of University Tisch School of the Arts California, San Diego Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Writer (playwright); Actor; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 571

Smith, Barbara Herrnstein (1932-) Smith, Edward Eugene (1940-2012) Smith, Henry I. (1937-) Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Durham, NC Michigan Institute of Technology Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Sudbury, MA scholar; Educator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Career description: Electrical engineer; Current affiliation: Duke University; Laboratory administrator; Educator Brown University Smith, Emil L. (1911-2009) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1965, Fellow Smith, Bruce David (1946-) Affiliation at election: University of Smith, Henry Monmouth (1868-1950) Election: 2011, Fellow California, Los Angeles School of Election: 1920, Fellow Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Medicine Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institution Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Institute of Technology Residence at election: Alexandria, VA Career description: Biochemist; Educator Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Chemist; Educator Museum curator Smith, Erwin Frink (1854-1927) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1914, Fellow Smith, Henry Nash (1906-1986) Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Election: 1965, Fellow Smith, Burton Jordan (1941-2018) Agriculture Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2010, Fellow Residence at election: Washington, DC California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Microsoft Career description: Botanist; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Corporation Bacteriologist; Government agency Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Redmond, WA administrator scholar; Educator Career description: Computer scientist Smith, Frederick Edward (1920-2012) Smith, Homer William (1895-1962) Smith, Charles Card (1827-1918) Election: 1971, Fellow Election: 1949, Fellow Election: 1892, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: New York Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Design School University School of Medicine Historical Society Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Ecologist; Career description: Physiologist; Educator; Career description: Historian; Editor; Environmentalist; Educator Research institution administrator Businessperson Smith, Gilbert Morgan (1885-1959) Smith, Horatio Elwin (1886-1946) Smith, Clement Andrew (1901-1988) Election: 1934, Fellow Election: 1932, Fellow Election: 1964, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Providence, RI School Career description: Botanist; Educator Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Boston, MA scholar; Educator; Academic Career description: Pediatrician; Educator; Smith, Hallett Darius (1907-1996) administrator Research institution administrator Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: California Institute Smith, Jr., Jeremiah (1870-1935) Smith, Cyril Stanley (1903-1992) of Technology Election: 1931, Fellow Election: 1950, Fellow Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Affiliation at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Language and literary Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Chicago scholar; Educator; Academic Career description: Lawyer; Government Residence at election: Chicago, IL administrator official; Diplomat Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Research institution administrator; Smith, Hamilton Othanel (1931-) Smith, Jeremiah (1837-1921) Company research scientist Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 1871, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: New Hampshire Smith, David Stanley (1877-1949) University Supreme Court Election: 1933, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: Dover, NH Affiliation at election: Yale University; Career description: Microbiologist; Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; New Haven Symphony Orchestra Geneticist; Educator Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Current affiliation: Same Career description: Musician (composer, conductor); Educator; Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 572

Smith, John Donnell (1829-1928) Smith, Jr., Lloyd Hollingsworth (1924- Smith, Morton (1915-1991) Election: 1894, Associate Fellow 2018) Election: 1973, Fellow Affiliation at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1970, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Affiliation at election: University of University Career description: Lawyer; California, San Francisco Residence at election: New York, NY Businessperson; Botanist Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Career description: Historian; Theologian; Career description: Physician; Educator; Educator Smith, John Lawrence (1818-1883) Academic administrator Election: 1867, Associate Fellow Smith, Payson (1873-1963) Affiliation at election: Louisville, KY Election: 1932, Fellow Residence at election: Louisville, KY Affiliation at election: State of Career description: Chemist; Mineralogist; Massachusetts Educator; Physician Residence at election: Brookline, MA Career description: Education scholar; Smith, Jonathan Z. (1938-) Educator; Academic administrator; Election: 2000, Fellow Government official Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Smith, Ray Fred (1919-1999) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1978, Fellow Career description: Historian (religion); Affiliation at election: University of Educator California, Berkeley Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Entomologist;

Smith, Joseph Victor (1928-2007) Margaret Chase Smith, elected 1952. Image Educator Election: 1981, Fellow donated by Corbis-Bettmann Affiliation at election: University of Smith, Margaret Chase (1897-1995) Smith, Raymond W. (1937-) Chicago Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: U.S. Senate Affiliation at election: Rothschild, Inc. Career description: Mineralogist; Educator Residence at election: Skowhegan, ME Residence at election: McLean, VA Career description: U.S. Senator; Career description: Company executive Smith, Kiki (1954-) Foundation executive Current affiliation: Same Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Smith, Marshall Savidge (1937-) Smith, Richard Alan (1924-) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Career description: Artist (sculptor, Affiliation at election: Carnegie Affiliation at election: Harcourt General, printmaker) Foundation for the Advancement of Inc. (General Cinema Corporation) Current affiliation: Same Teaching Residence at election: Newton, MA Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Career description: Company executive Smith, Lacey Baldwin (1922-2013) Career description: Education Specialist; Current affiliation: Chestnut Hill, MA Election: 1986, Fellow Educator; Government official; Academic Affiliation at election: Northwestern research institution administrator Smith, Richard Mason (1881-1981) University Current affiliation: Same Election: 1947, Fellow Residence at election: Evanston, IL Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Career description: Historian; Educator Smith, Merritt Roe (1942-) School; Children’s Hospital, Boston; Election: 1991, Fellow Infants’ Hospital, Boston Smith, Leighton Bruerton (1896-1983) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1934, Fellow Institute of Technology Career description: Pediatrician; Educator; Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Hospital administrator Institute of Technology Career description: Historian; Educator Residence at election: Beverly, MA Current affiliation: Same Smith, Robert Allan (1909-1980) Career description: Physical chemist; Election: 1964, Fellow Chemical engineer; Educator; Company Smith, Michael Andrew (1954-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts research scientist and administrator Election: 2013, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Smith, Linda B. (1951-) University Career description: Physicist; Educator; Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Government research scientist; Research Affiliation at election: Indiana University Career description: Philosopher; Educator institution administrator; Academic Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Current affiliation: Same administrator Career description: Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 573

Smith, Rogers M. (1953-) Smith, William Wright (1875-1956) Smyth, Craig Hugh (1915-2006) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 1935, FHM Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Pennsylvania Edinburgh; Royal Botanic Garden Residence at election: Florence, Italy Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Residence at election: Edinburgh, Scotland Career description: Fine arts scholar; Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Botanist; Educator; Educator Educator Botanical garden administrator Current affiliation: Same Smyth, Henry DeWolf (1898-1986) Smithies, Arthur (1907-1981) Election: 1956, Fellow Smith, Theobald (1859-1934) Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1896, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University University Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ State of Massachusetts Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Physicist; Educator; Residence at election: Boston, MA Government official; Academic Academic administrator Career description: Pathologist; Educator; administrator Government research agency Smyth, Henry Lloyd (1862-1944) administrator Smithies, Oliver (1925-2017) Election: 1901, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Smith, Thomas Broun (1915-1988) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1969, FHM Wisconsin, Madison Career description: Metallurgist; Educator; Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Madison, WI Research institution administrator Edinburgh Career description: Geneticist; Educator Residence at election: Edinburgh, Scotland Smyth, Herbert Weir (1857-1937) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Smoluchowski, Roman (1910-1996) Election: 1904, Fellow Government official Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Smith, Thomas Carlyle (1916-2004) University Career description: Classicist; Educator Election: 1992, Fellow Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physicist; Educator Smyth, William (1797-1868) California, Berkeley Election: 1844, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Smullin, Louis Dijour (1916-2009) Affiliation at election: Bowdoin College Career description: Historian; Educator Election: 1960, Fellow Residence at election: Brunswick, ME Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Mathematician; Smith, Vernon Lomax (1927-) Institute of Technology Educator Election: 1991, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Electrical engineer; Smyth, William Henry (1788-1865) Arizona Educator; Company and academic Election: 1847, FHM Residence at election: Tucson, AZ research staff member and administrator Affiliation at election: British Navy Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: London, England Current affiliation: George Mason Smuts, Barbara Boardman (1950-) Career description: Astronomer; University Election: 1993, Fellow Geographer; Military officer Affiliation at election: University of Smith, Wilfred Cantwell (1916-2000) Michigan Snell, Esmond Emerson (1914-2003) Election: 1967, Fellow Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Psychologist; Animal Affiliation at election: University of Divinity School behaviorist; Educator California, Berkeley Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Clergy member; Career description: Biochemist; Educator Theologian; Educator; Research Smuts, David F. (1955-) institution administrator Election: 2019, IHM Snell, George Davis (1903-1996) Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Election: 1952, Fellow Smith, William Stevenson (1907-1969) Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia Affiliation at election: Jackson Memorial Election: 1955, Fellow Residence at election: Windhoek, Namibia Laboratory Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Residence at election: Bar Harbor, ME Arts, Boston (Supreme Court of Namibia, Windhoek, Career description: Geneticist; Research Residence at election: Boston, MA Namibia) institution staff member Career description: Historian (art); Current affiliation: Same Educator; Museum curator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 574

Sniderman, Paul M. (1941-) Snyder, Gary (1930-) Snyder, Solomon Halbert (1938-) Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Stanford, CA California, Davis University School of Medicine Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Davis, CA Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Educator Career description: Writer (poet); Career description: Psychiatrist; Current affiliation: Same Educator Pharmacologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Snodgrass, W. D. (William Dewitt) (1926-2009) Snyder, Jack L. (1951-) Snyder, Virgil (1869-1950) Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1919, Fellow Affiliation at election: Erieville, NY Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Erieville, NY University Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Writer (poet); Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mathematician; Educator Career description: Political scientist; Educator Educator Snow, Catherine Elizabeth (1945-) Current affiliation: Same Snyderman, Ralph J. (1940-) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Snyder, Jr., James M. (1959-) Affiliation at election: Duke University Residence at election: Brookline, MA Election: 2007, Fellow Residence at election: Durham, NC Career description: Psychologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Academic and health Current affiliation: Same Institute of Technology care administrator; Immunologist; Residence at election: Belmont, MA Physician; Educator Snow, Charles Percy (1905-1980) Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Duke Medicine Election: 1960, FHM Educator Affiliation at election: Government of Current affiliation: Same Soames, Scott (1945-) Great Britain; English Electric Company, Election: 2010, Fellow Ltd. Snyder, John Crayton (1910-2002) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: London, England Election: 1950, Fellow Southern California Career description: Writer (novelist, Affiliation at election: Harvard School of Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA playwright, literary critic); Physicist; Public Health Career description: Philosopher; Educator Educator; Government official; Company Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same executive Career description: Bacteriologist; Educator; Academic administrator Sobel, Joel (1954-) Snyder, Aaron Cecil (1907-1959) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1956, Fellow Snyder, Joseph Julien (1907-1995) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Puerto Rico Election: 1961, Fellow California, San Diego Supreme Court Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Residence at election: San Juan, PR Institute of Technology; Colonial Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Management Associates, Boston; Colonial Current affiliation: Same Fund, Snyder, Benson Rowell (1923-2012) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Sober, Elliott (1948-) Election: 1973, Fellow Career description: Academic Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts administrator; Company executive Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Snyder, Michael (1955-) Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Election: 2015, Fellow Career description: Philosopher; Biologist; Affiliation at election: Stanford School of Educator Snyder, Carl (1869-1946) Medicine Current affiliation: Same Election: 1932, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: Federal Reserve Career description: Geneticist; Educator Sober, Herbert Alexander (1918-1974) Bank of New York Current affiliation: Same Election: 1973, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: National Institutes Career description: Economist; of Health Statistician; Government official Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Biochemist; Government research scientist and administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 575

Soberon Mainero, Jorge L. (1953-) Sohi, Gurindar S. (1960-) Sokolov, Vladimir Yevgenyevich (1928- Election: 2018, IHM Election: 2018, Fellow 1998) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1990, FHM Kansas Wisconsin-Madison Affiliation at election: Academy of Residence at election: Lawrence, KS Residence at election: Madison, WI Sciences of the USSR Career description: Theoretical ecologist; Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Moscow, Russia Educator Educator Career description: Biologist; Ecologist; Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Educator; Research institution administrator Socolow, Robert Harry (1937-) Sohn, Louis Bruno (1914-2006) Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 1964, Fellow Solandt, Omond McKillop (1909-1993) Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Election: 1976, FHM University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Lawyer; Educator Toronto Career description: Atmospheric scientist; Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Physicist; Mechanical engineer; Educator Sokal, Robert Reuven (1926-2012) Career description: Physiologist; Current affiliation: Same Election: 1986, Fellow Government official; Company research Affiliation at election: State University of administrator Soderberg, C. Richard (Carl Richard) New York at Stony Brook (1895-1979) Residence at election: Stony Brook, NY Solbrig, Otto Thomas (1930-) Election: 1939, Fellow Career description: Biologist; Educator Election: 1974, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Harvard University Institute of Technology Sokel, Walter Herbert (1917-2014) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Weston, MA Election: 1981, Fellow Career description: Botanist; Population Career description: Mechanical engineer; Affiliation at election: University of biologist; Educator Educator; Academic administrator; Virginia Current affiliation: Same Company researcher Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Language and literary Sollmann, Torald Hermann (1874-1965) Soedjatmoko (1922-1989) scholar; Educator Election: 1930, Fellow Election: 1971, FHM Affiliation at election: Western Reserve Affiliation at election: Republic of Sokoloff, Kenneth L. (1953-2007) University Indonesia Election: 2003, Fellow Residence at election: Cleveland, OH Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Pharmacologist; Career description: Political scientist; California, Los Angeles Educator; Academic administrator Academic administrator; Government Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA official; Diplomat Career description: Economist; Historian; Sollors, Werner (1943-) Educator Election: 2001, Fellow Sogin, Mitchell Lloyd (1945-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1998, Fellow Sokoloff, Louis (1921-2015) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Marine Biological Election: 1982, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Laboratory Affiliation at election: National Institute of scholar; Educator Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Mental Health Current affiliation: Same Career description: Molecular and Residence at election: Bethesda, MD evolutionary biologist; Research Career description: Physiologist; Solmsen, Friedrich Rudolf Heinrich institution administrator Government research institution (1904-1989) Current affiliation: Same administrator Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Sognnaes, Reidar Fauske (1911-1984) Sokolov, Eugene Nikolaievich (1920- Wisconsin, Madison Election: 1956, Fellow 2008) Residence at election: Madison, WI Affiliation at election: Harvard University Election: 1976, FHM Career description: Classicist; Educator Dental School Affiliation at election: Moscow State Residence at election: Boston, MA University Solms-Laubach, Hermann Graf zu Career description: Dentist; Educator; Residence at election: Moscow, USSR (1842-1915) Academic administrator Career description: Psychophysiologist; Election: 1896, FHM Educator Affiliation at election: University of Strassburg Residence at election: Strassburg, France Career description: Botanist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 576

Solomon, Arthur Kaskel (1912-2002) Solovay, Robert Martin (1938-) Somerville, Robert Eugene (1940-) Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Columbia School California, Berkeley University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Historian (religion); Educator Educator Solomon, Edward Ira (1946-) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Election: 1998, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University Solow, Robert Merton (1924-) Somfai, Laszlo (1934-) Residence at election: Stanford, CA Election: 1956, Fellow Election: 1997, FHM Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Bartok Archives Current affiliation: Same Institute of Technology Residence at election: Budapest, Hungary Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Musicologist; Solomon, Harry Caesar (1889-1982) Career description: Economist; Educator Educator; Research institution Election: 1952, Fellow Current affiliation: Same administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Current affiliation: Same School Solter, Davor (1941-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1994, FHM Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Career description: Neuropsychiatrist; Affiliation at election: Max-Planck-Institut (1868-1951) Educator; Hospital administrator für Immunbiologie Election: 1948, FHM Residence at election: Freiburg, Germany Affiliation at election: Institute of Solomon, Maynard E. (1930-) Career description: Developmental Theoretical Physics Election: 2016, Fellow biologist; Geneticist; Research institution Residence at election: Munich, Germany Affiliation at election: The Juilliard School administrator; Educator Career description: Physicist; Educator; Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Same Research institution administrator Career description: Producer (music); Musicologist; Educator Soltis, Douglas E. (1953-) Sommerfelt, Alf Axelsson (1892-1965) Current affiliation: Same Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1959, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Oslo Solomon, Richard Lester (1918-1995) Florida Residence at election: Oslo, Norway Election: 1958, Fellow Residence at election: Gainesville, FL Career description: Linguist; Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Evolutionary geneticist Residence at election: Cambridge, MA and biologist; Educator Somorjai, Gabor Arpad (1935-) Career description: Psychologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Election: 1983, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Solomon, Sean Carl (1945-) Soltis, Pamela S. (1958-) California, Berkeley Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 2017, Fellow Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Chemist; Educator; of Washington Florida Research institution administrator Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Gainesville, FL Current affiliation: Same Career description: Geophysicist; Career description: Evolutionary geneticist Educator; Research institution and biologist; Educator Sompolinsky, Haim (1949-) administrator Current affiliation: Same Election: 2008, FHM Current affiliation: Columbia University Affiliation at election: Hebrew University Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Isaevich (1918- of Jerusalem Solomon, Susan (1956-) 2008) Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1969, FHM Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: National Oceanic Affiliation at election: Moscow, USSR Current affiliation: Same and Atmospheric Administration Residence at election: Moscow, USSR Residence at election: Boulder, CO Career description: Writer (novelist, short Son, Dam Thanh (1969-) Career description: Atmospheric chemist; story writer) Election: 2014, Fellow Government agency research staff Affiliation at election: University of member Sombart, Werner (1863-1941) Chicago Current affiliation: Same Election: 1933, FHM Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: University of Berlin Career description: Theoretical physicist; Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Educator Career description: Economist; Historian; Current affiliation: Same Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 577

Sondheim, Stephen Joshua (1930-) Sophocles, Evangelinus Apostolides Sorm, Frantisek (1913-1980) Election: 2001, Fellow (1805-1883) Election: 1970, FHM Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 1856, Fellow Affiliation at election: Czechoslovak Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Academy of Sciences Career description: Musician (composer, Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Prague, lyricist); Author Career description: Language scholar; Czechoslovakia Current affiliation: Same Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator; Research institution administrator; Sonenberg, Nahum (1946-) Sorabji, Richard Rustom Kharsedji Government official Election: 2006, FHM (1934-) Affiliation at election: McGill University Election: 1997, FHM Sorokin, Peter Pitirimovich (1931-2015) Residence at election: Côte Saint-Luc, Affiliation at election: King’s College, Election: 1977, Fellow Canada University of London Affiliation at election: IBM T. J. Watson Career description: Biochemist; Educator Residence at election: London, England Research Center Current affiliation: Same Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Yorktown Heights, Current affiliation: Same NY Sonneborn, Tracy Morton (1905-1981) Career description: Physicist; Company Election: 1949, Fellow Sorauf, Frank J. (1928-2013) research staff member Affiliation at election: Indiana University Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Affiliation at election: University of Sorokin, Pitirim Aleksandrovich (1889- Career description: Geneticist; Minnesota 1968) Protozoologist; Educator Residence at election: Minneapolis, MN Election: 1931, Fellow Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Sonnenschein, Hugo Freund (1940-) Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1984, Fellow Career description: Sociologist; Educator; Affiliation at election: Princeton Sorby, Henry Clifton (1826-1908) Research institution and academic University Election: 1892, FHM administrator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: Firth College Career description: Economist; Educator; Residence at election: Sheffield, England Soros, George (1930-) Academic administrator Career description: Geologist; Election: 1998, Fellow Current affiliation: University of Chicago Metallurgist; Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Soros Fund Management LLC; Soros Foundations Sonsini, Lawrence W. (1941-) Sörensen, Soren Peter Lauritz (1868- Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2000, Fellow 1939) Career description: Fund management Affiliation at election: Wilson, Sonsini, Election: 1928, FHM and foundation executive Goodrich and Rosati Affiliation at election: Carlsberg Current affiliation: Soros Fund Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Laboratory Management LLC; Open Society Institute Career description: Lawyer; Company Residence at election: Copenhagen, and the Soros Foundations executive (law) Denmark Network Current affiliation: Same Career description: Chemist; Research institution administrator Sosa, Ernest (1940-) Sontag, Susan (1933-2004) Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Sorkin, Michael (1948-) Affiliation at election: Brown University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Election: 2009, Fellow Residence at election: Providence, RI Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: City College of New Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Writer (fiction writer, York; Michael Sorkin Studio Current affiliation: Rutgers, The State essayist) Residence at election: New York, NY University of New Jersey Career description: Architect; Company Soper, Alexander Coburn (1904-1993) executive; Educator; Academic Sosman, Merrill Clary (1890-1959) Election: 1979, Fellow administrator Election: 1947, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical University School; Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Chestnut Hill, MA Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Radiologist; Educator Educator; Translator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 578

Sotomayor, Sonia (1954-) Southwood, Thomas Richard Edmund Spafford, Horatio Gates (1778-1832) Election: 2018, Fellow (1931-2005) Election: 1815, Fellow Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Election: 1981, FHM Affiliation at election: American Magazine the United States Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Albany, NY Residence at election: Washington, DC Oxford Career description: Editor; Author; Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Residence at election: Oxford, England Geographer (gazetteer) Supreme Court); Educator Career description: Entomologist; Current affiliation: Same Ecologist; Educator Spalding, John Varnum (1897-1979) Election: 1956, Fellow Soule, Michael Ellman (1936-) Souto de Moura, Eduardo Elisio Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2005, Fellow Machado (1952-) Supreme Judicial Court Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2011, FHM Residence at election: Boston, MA California, Santa Cruz Affiliation at election: Universidade do Career description: Lawyer; Jurist Residence at election: Santa Cruz, CA Porto; Souto Moura-Arquitectos SA Career description: Population and Residence at election: Porto, Portugal Spalding, Walter Raymond (1865-1962) conservation biologist; Educator Career description: Architect; Educator Election: 1935, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Souter, David (1939-) Souza Saldivar, Valeria F. Souza (1958-) Career description: Musician (organist); Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 2019, IHM Educator Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Affiliation at election: Universidad the United States Autónoma de México Spangler, Jr., C. D. (Clemmie Dixon) Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: México City, México (1932-2018) Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Career description: Evolutionary ecologist; Election: 2003, Fellow Supreme Court) Educator Affiliation at election: University of North Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Carolina at Chapel Hill Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Southard, Elmer Ernest (1876-1920) Sovern, Michael Ira (1931-) Career description: Company executive; Election: 1911, Fellow Election: 1974, Fellow Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Columbia School; Massachusetts Commission on University Law School Spanos, Pol D. (1950-) Mental Diseases Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Affiliation at election: Rice University Career description: Neuropathologist; Academic administrator Residence at election: Houston, TX Psychiatrist; Educator; Hospital Current affiliation: Columbia Law School Career description: Mechanical engineer; administrator Educator Soyinka, Wole (1934-) Current affiliation: Same Southern, Edwin Mellor (1938-) Election: 1987, FHM Election: 1988, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Ife Spar, Debora L. (1963-) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Accra, Ghana Election: 2011, Fellow Oxford Career description: Writer (playwright) Affiliation at election: Barnard College Residence at election: Oxford, England Current affiliation: Abeokuta, Nigeria Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Career description: Academic biologist; Educator; Research institution Spaak, Paul-Henri (1899-1972) administrator; Political scientist; Writer staff member and administrator Election: 1950, FHM (essayist) Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Government of Current affiliation: Harvard Business Belgium School Southern, Richard William (1912-2001) Residence at election: Brussels, Belgium Election: 1972, FHM Career description: Lawyer; Prime Sparhawk, John (1743-1787) Affiliation at election: University of Minister of Belgium Election: 1784, Fellow Oxford Affiliation at election: Portsmouth, NH Residence at election: Oxford, England Spacks, Patricia Meyer (1929-) Residence at election: Portsmouth, NH Career description: Historian; Educator; Election: 1994, Fellow Career description: Government official Academic administrator Affiliation at election: University of Virginia Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 579

Sparks, Jared (1789-1866) Spector, David L. (1952-) Spence, Jonathan Dermot (1936-) Election: 1825, Fellow Election: 2014, Fellow Election: 1985, Fellow Affiliation at election: North American Affiliation at election: Cold Spring Harbor Affiliation at election: Yale University Review Laboratory Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cold Spring Harbor, Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator; NY Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator; Clergy member Career description: Cellular and molecular biologist; Educator; Research institution Spencer, Anthony James Merrill (1929- Spaulding, Francis Trow (1896-1950) scientist 2008) Election: 1941, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 2004, FHM Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Graduate School of Education Speicher, Eugene Edward (1883-1962) Nottingham Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1934, Fellow Residence at election: Nottingham, Career description: Education scholar; Affiliation at election: New York, NY England Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Mechanical engineer; Career description: Artist (painter) Materials scientist; Educator Spaulding, Helen Bowdoin (1928-2016) Election: 2006, Fellow Speier, Hans (1905-1990) Spencer, Charles S. (1950-) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Rand Corporation Affiliation at election: American Museum Career description: Foundation executive; Residence at election: Washington, DC of Natural History Trustee Career description: Sociologist; Political Residence at election: Riverside, CT scientist; Educator; Company research Career description: Anthropologist; Spaulding, Huntley Nowell (1869-1955) scientist and administrator Museum administrator Election: 1946, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: International Spelke, Elizabeth Shilin (1949-) Leather Company; Atlas Leather Election: 1997, Fellow Spencer, Donald Clayton (1912-2001) Company Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1967, Fellow Residence at election: Rochester, NY Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Stanford University Career description: Manufacturer; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Company executive; Government official Career description: Psychologist; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Harvard University Educator Spear, Patricia G. (1942-) Election: 2003, Fellow Spemann, Hans (1869-1941) Spencer, Edson White (1926-2012) Affiliation at election: Feinberg School of Election: 1933, FHM Election: 1993, Fellow Medicine of Northwestern University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Mayo Foundation Residence at election: Chicago, IL Freiburg Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Immunologist; Residence at election: Freiburg im Career description: Company executive; Molecular biologist; Educator Breisgau, Germany Foundation executive Current affiliation: Same Career description: Embryologist; Educator Spencer, Margaret Beale (1948-) Spector, Alfred Z. (1954-) Election: 2019, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Spence, Andrew Michael (1943-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Google Inc. Election: 1983, Fellow Chicago Residence at election: Pelham Manor, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Computer and Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Developmental information scientist; Company executive Career description: Economist; Educator; psychologist; Educator and research administrator (information Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same technology); Educator Current affiliation: Commission on Current affiliation: Same Growth and Development Spencer, Percy LeBaron (1894-1970) Election: 1953, Fellow Spence, Janet Taylor (1923-2015) Affiliation at election: Raytheon Election: 1984, Fellow Manufacturing Company Affiliation at election: University of Texas Residence at election: Waltham, MA at Austin Career description: Inventor; Radio Residence at election: Austin, TX engineer; Company research scientist and Career description: Psychologist; Educator executive

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 580

Spencer, Thomas (1946-) Sperry, Willard Learoyd (1882-1954) Spielberg, Steven (1947-) Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1927, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Institute for Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Amblin Advanced Study Divinity School Entertainment, Inc, & DreamWorks SKG Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Universal City, CA Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Clergy member; Career description: Director (film) Educator Theologian; Educator; Academic Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same administrator Spier, Leslie (1893-1961) Spender, Stephen Harold (1909-1995) Speyer, Jerry I. (1940-) Election: 1953, Fellow Election: 1966, FHM Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of New Affiliation at election: London, England Affiliation at election: Tishman Speyer Mexico Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Albuquerque, NM Career description: Writer (poet, Career description: Company executive Career description: Anthropologist; playwright, essayist); Poet laureate; and founder (real estate); Academic and Educator Educator; Translator cultural institution board member Current affiliation: Same Spinden, Herbert Joseph (1879-1967) Spengler, Joseph John (1902-1991) Election: 1926, Fellow Election: 1964, Fellow Spiegel, Gabrielle M. (1943-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Duke University Election: 2011, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Durham, NC Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Economist; Educator University Museum curator Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Sperber, Dan (1940-) Career description: Historian; Educator; Spinrad, Robert J. (1932-2009) Election: 2007, FHM Academic administrator Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: Centre National de Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Xerox Corporation la Recherche Scientifique Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Residence at election: Paris, France Spiegel, Shalom (1899-1984) Career description: Computer scientist Career description: Anthropologist; Election: 1983, Fellow Linguist; Psychologist Affiliation at election: Jewish Theological Spiro, Melford Elliot (1920-2014) Current affiliation: Institut Jean Nicod Seminary Election: 1975, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: University of Spergel, David Nathaniel (1961-) Career description: Theologian; Educator California, San Diego Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: San Diego, CA Affiliation at election: Princeton Spiegelman, Art (1948-) Career description: Anthropologist; University Election: 2005, Fellow Educator Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: New York, NY Career description: Astrophysicist; Residence at election: Irvington, NY Spitz, Lewis William (1922-1999) Cosmologist; Educator Career description: Writer; Artist Election: 1987, Fellow Current affiliation: Same (cartoonist) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Stanford, CA Sperling, George (1934-) Career description: Historian; Educator Election: 1992, Fellow Spiegelman, Bruce Michael (1952-) Affiliation at election: New York Election: 2002, Fellow Spitzer, Jr., Lyman (1914-1997) University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1953, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY School Affiliation at election: Princeton Career description: Cognitive scientist; Residence at election: Boston, MA University Educator; Company research staff Career description: Cell biologist; Residence at election: Princeton, NJ member Educator Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Current affiliation: University of Current affiliation: Same Observatory administrator California, Irvine Spiegelman, Sol (1914-1983) Spitzer, Nicholas Canaday (1942-) Sperry, Roger Wolcott (1913-1994) Election: 1966, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: California Institute Illinois at Urbana-Champaign California, San Diego of Technology Residence at election: Urbana, IL Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Microbiologist; Career description: Neurobiologist; Career description: Psychobiologist; Educator Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 581

Spoehr, Herman Augustus (1885-1954) Sprague, Oliver Mitchell Wentworth Spudich, James Anthony (1942-) Election: 1945, Fellow (1873-1953) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Election: 1931, Fellow Affiliation at election: Stanford University of Washington Affiliation at election: Harvard University School of Medicine Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Graduate School of Business Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Plant physiologist; Administration Career description: Biochemist; Educator Research institution administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Stanford School of Career description: Economist; Finance Medicine Spofford, Charles Milton (1871-1963) specialist; Educator Election: 1914, Fellow Spudich, John Lee (1945-) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Sprague, Robert Chapman (1900-1991) Election: 2007, Fellow Institute of Technology; Fay, Spofford & Election: 1960, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Texas Thorndike Affiliation at election: Sprague Electric - Houston Medical School Residence at election: Boston, MA Company Residence at election: Houston, TX Career description: Civil engineer; Residence at election: North Adams, MA Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Company executive Career description: Electrical engineer; Microbiologist Inventor; Company executive Current affiliation: University of Texas Spooner, John Jones (1757-1799) Medical School at Houston Election: 1786, Fellow Springer, Timothy Alan (1948-) Affiliation at election: Roxbury, MA Election: 2001, Fellow Squire, Larry Ryan (1941-) Residence at election: Roxbury, MA Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 1996, Fellow Career description: Clergy member School Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA California, San Diego School of Medicine Spooner, William (1760-1836) Career description: Cell biologist; Residence at election: San Diego, CA Election: 1796, Fellow Immunologist; Educator Career description: Neuroscientist; Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physician; Springsteen, Bruce Frederick Joseph Government official (state legislator) (1949-) Squires, Arthur Morton (1916-2012) Election: 2013, Fellow Election: 1978, Fellow Spradling, Allan Charles (1949-) Affiliation at election: Colts Neck, NJ Affiliation at election: Virginia Election: 1991, Fellow Residence at election: Colts Neck, NJ Polytechnic Institute and State University Affiliation at election: Carnegie Institution Career description: Musician (singer, Residence at election: Blacksburg, VA of Washington songwriter) Career description: Chemical engineer; Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Current affiliation: Same Industry technical staff member; Educator Career description: Geneticist; Embryologist; Research institution staff Sproull, Robert Fletcher (1947-) Squyres, Steven W. (1956-) member and administrator; Educator Election: 2002, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Current affiliation: Carnegie Institution Affiliation at election: Sun Microsystems Affiliation at election: Cornell University for Science, Baltimore, MD Laboratories Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Burlington, MA Career description: Astronomer; Planetary Sprague, Charles James (1823-1903) Career description: Computer scientist; scientist Election: 1856, Fellow Company research executive; Educator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Oracle Residence at election: Boston, MA Srb, Adrian Morris (1917-1997) Career description: Botanist; Writer Sproull, Robert Lamb (1918-2014) Election: 1961, Fellow (poet); Businessperson Election: 1971, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Sprague, John (1740-1800) Rochester Career description: Plant geneticist; Election: 1780, Fellow Residence at election: Rochester, NY Educator Affiliation at election: Lancaster, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Residence at election: Lancaster, MA Academic administrator Sreenivasan, Katepalli R. (1946-) Career description: Lawyer; Public official; Election: 1997, Fellow Jurist Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Mechanical engineer; Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Current affiliation: New York University

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 582

Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1916- Stadtman, Thressa Campbell (1920- Stallings, Alicia Elsbeth (1968-) 1999) 2016) Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1973, FHM Election: 1982, Fellow Affiliation at election: Athens, Greece Affiliation at election: University of Delhi Affiliation at election: National Heart, Residence at election: Athens, Greece Residence at election: Delhi, India Lung, and Blood Institute Career description: Poet Career description: Sociologist; Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Current affiliation: Same Anthropologist; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Microbiologist; Government research Stallman, Richard Matthew (1952-) Srinivasan, Thirukodikaval Nilakanta agency administrator Election: 2003, Fellow (1933-2018) Affiliation at election: Free Software Election: 1982, Fellow Staffilani, Gigliola (1967-) Foundation Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Computer scientist Career description: Economist; Educator Institute of Technology (software development) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Cambridge, Ma Srivastava, Deepak (1966-) Career description: Mathematician; Election: 2010, Fellow Educator Stalnaker, Robert Culp (1940-) Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Election: 1992, Fellow California, San Francisco Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Stafford, Russell Henry (1890-1971) Institute of Technology Career description: Developmental Election: 1929, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA biologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Old South Church, Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Same Boston Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Brookline, MA St. John, David (1949-) Career description: Clergy member; Stamas, Stephen (1931-) Election: 2016, Fellow Foundation executive Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: American Assembly Southern California Staggs, Suzanne T. (1965-) Residence at election: Scarsdale, NY Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Election: 2017, Fellow Career description: Foundation executive; Career description: Writer (poet, Affiliation at election: Princeton Public policy adviser librettist); Educator University Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Physicist; Educator Stamatoyannopoulos, George (1934- Stace, Walter Terence (1886-1967) Current affiliation: Same 2018) Election: 1951, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Princeton Stahl, Franklin William (1929-) Affiliation at election: University of University Election: 1982, Fellow Washington Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Philosopher; Educator; Oregon Career description: Hematologist; Government official Residence at election: Eugene, OR Geneticist; Educator Career description: Geneticist; Educator Stadler, Lewis John (1896-1954) Current affiliation: Same Stamberg, Susan Levitt (1938-) Election: 1949, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Stakman, Elvin Charles (1885-1979) Affiliation at election: National Public Missouri; U.S. Department of Agriculture Election: 1923, Fellow Radio Residence at election: Columbia, MO Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Plant geneticist; Minnesota; U.S. Department of Career description: Journalist Educator; Government agency Agriculture Current affiliation: Same administrator Residence at election: St. Paul, MN Career description: Mycologist; Plant Stammler, Rudolf (1856-1938) Stadtman, Earl Reece (1919-2008) pathologist; Educator; Research Election: 1933, FHM Election: 1969, Fellow institution administrator; Government Affiliation at election: University of Berlin Affiliation at election: National Heart research scientist Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Institute Career description: Legal scholar; Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Philosopher; Educator Career description: Biochemist; Government research agency administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 583

Stamp, Josiah Charles (1880-1941) Stanley, Fiona J. (1946-) Stanton, Alfred Hodgin (1912-1983) Election: 1933, FHM Election: 2019, IHM Election: 1961, Fellow Affiliation at election: London, Midland, Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: McLean Hospital; and Scottish Railway Western Australia Harvard University Medical School Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: Crawley, Australia Residence at election: Waverley, MA Career description: Statistician; Career description: Pediatrician; Career description: Psychiatrist; Educator Economist; Government official; Epidemiologist; Public health expert; Company executive Educator Stanton, Frank (1908-2006) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1964, Fellow Stampp, Kenneth Milton (1912-2009) Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 1976, Fellow Stanley, Ralph Edmund (1927-2016) Broadcasting System Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY California, Berkeley Affiliation at election: Coeburn, Virginia Career description: Company executive; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Coeburn, VA Psychologist Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Musician (banjoist, vocalist, composer) Stanton, Maureen L. (1954-) Stanbury, John Bruton (1915-2015) Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1965, Fellow Stanley, Richard Peter (1944-) Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1988, Fellow California, Davis General Hospital; Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: Sacramento, CA Medical School Institute of Technology Career description: Evolutionist; Ecologist; Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator Career description: Physician; Medical Career description: Mathematician; Current affiliation: Same scientist; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Starck, Taylor (1889-1974) Stang, Peter John (1941-) Election: 1945, Fellow Election: 2002, Fellow Stanley, Steven Mitchell (1941-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Utah Election: 1988, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Language and literary Career description: Chemist; Educator; University scholar; Educator Academic administrator Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Current affiliation: Same Career description: Paleobiologist; Stare, Fredrick John (1910-2002) Educator Election: 1952, Fellow Stanier, Roger Yate (1916-1982) Current affiliation: University of Hawaii Affiliation at election: Harvard School of Election: 1957, Fellow Public Health Affiliation at election: University of Stanley, Wendell Meredith (1904-1971) Residence at election: Boston, MA California, Berkeley Election: 1949, Fellow Career description: Nutritionist; Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of Physician; Educator Career description: Microbiologist; California, Berkeley Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Stark, Harold Mead (1939-) Career description: Virologist; Educator; Election: 1983, Fellow Stanish, Charles (1956-) Research institution administrator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2006, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Stansbury, Daniel Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Los Angeles Election: 1823, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Affiliation at election: Belleville, NJ Educator Career description: Archaeologist; Residence at election: Belleville, NJ Current affiliation: University of Anthropologist; Educator Career description: Writer (natural California, San Diego Current affiliation: Same history) Starker, Janos (1924-2013) Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (1815-1881) Stansky, Peter David Lyman (1932-) Election: 1999, Fellow Election: 1876, FHM Election: 1988, Fellow Affiliation at election: Indiana University Affiliation at election: Westminster Abbey Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Bloomington, IN Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Musician (cellist); Career description: Clergy member; Career description: Historian; Educator Educator Theologian; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 584

Starobinski, Jean Isaac (1920-2019) Stavridis, James (1955-) Stebbins, Joel (1878-1966) Election: 1974, FHM Election: 2016, Fellow Election: 1921, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Tufts University Affiliation at election: University of Geneva Residence at election: Medford, MA Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Career description: Naval officer; Residence at election: Urbana, IL Career description: Historian; Language Academic administrator and educator; Career description: Astronomer; Educator; and literary scholar; Educator International affairs scholar Observatory administrator Current affiliation: Same Starr, Chester G. (1914-1999) Stebbins, Jr., Theodore Ellis (1938-) Election: 1980, Fellow Stearns, Albert Warren (1885-1959) Election: 1997, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine Michigan Affiliation at election: Tufts University Arts, Boston Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Billerica, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Historian; Classicist; Career description: Psychiatrist; Career description: Historian (art); Educator Neurologist; Sociologist; Educator; Museum curator Academic administrator Current affiliation: Harvard University Starr, S. Frederick (Stephen Frederick) (1940-) Stearns, Asahel (1774-1839) Stedman, Edmund Clarence (1833-1908) Election: 1994, Fellow Election: 1813, Fellow Election: 1897, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: Oberlin College Affiliation at election: Chelmsford, MA Affiliation at election: New York Stock Residence at election: Oberlin, OH Residence at election: Chelmsford, MA Exchange Career description: Historian; Academic Career description: Lawyer; Member, U.S. Residence at election: New York, NY administrator; Research institution House of Representatives; Educator Career description: Writer (poet, critic); administrator Businessperson Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins Stearns, Charles (1753-1826) University Election: 1809, Fellow Steele, Claude Mason (1946-) Affiliation at election: Lincoln, MA Election: 1996, Fellow Starr, Victor Paul (1909-1976) Residence at election: Lincoln, MA Affiliation at election: Stanford University Election: 1956, Fellow Career description: Clergy member Residence at election: Stanford, CA Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Psychologist; Educator Institute of Technology Stearns, Charles Edward (1920-2010) Current affiliation: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1959, Fellow California, Berkeley Career description: Meteorologist; Affiliation at election: Tufts University Educator; Government research scientist Residence at election: Medford, MA Steele, Jr., Guy L. (1954-) Career description: Geologist; Educator; Election: 2002, Fellow Starzl, Thomas Earl (1926-2017) Academic administrator Affiliation at election: Sun Microsystems Election: 1971, Fellow Laboratories Affiliation at election: University of Stearns, Frederic Pike (1851-1919) Residence at election: Burlington, MA Colorado Medical School Election: 1911, Fellow Career description: Computer scientist; Residence at election: Denver, CO Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Company research staff member Career description: Surgeon; Educator; Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Oracle Academic and clinical administrator Career description: Civil engineer; Government agency administrator Steele, John Hyslop (1926-2013) Stasavage, David (1967-) Election: 1980, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Stearns, William Augustus (1805-1876) Affiliation at election: Woods Hole Affiliation at election: New York Election: 1855, Fellow Oceanographic Institution University Affiliation at election: Amherst College Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Amherst, MA Career description: Marine scientist; Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Academic Research institution administrator Educator administrator; Clergy member Current affiliation: Same Steenstrup, Johann Japetus Smith (1813- Stebbins, Sr., George Ledyard (1906- 1897) Stata, Raymond Stuart (1934-) 2000) Election: 1877, FHM Election: 1990, Fellow Election: 1952, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Analog Devices, Affiliation at election: University of Copenhagen Inc. California, Davis Residence at election: Copenhagen, Residence at election: Norwood, MA Residence at election: Davis, CA Denmark Career description: Company executive; Career description: Geneticist; Educator Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Electrical and electronics engineer Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 585

Steere, William Campbell (1907-1989) Stein, Janice Gross (1943-) Steinberg, Leo (1920-2011) Election: 1973, Fellow Election: 2005, FHM Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of University; New York Botanical Garden Toronto Pennsylvania Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Botanist; Educator; Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Historian (art); Academic and museum administrator International affairs scholar; Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Stefansson, Vilhjalmur (1879-1962) Steinberg, Saul (1914-1999) Election: 1958, Fellow Stein, Jeremy C. (1960-) Election: 1978, Fellow Affiliation at election: Dartmouth College Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Hanover, NH Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Ethnologist; Explorer Residence at election: Lexington, MA Career description: Artist (cartoonist, Career description: Economist; Educator illustrator) Stegner, Wallace Earle (1909-1993) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1965, Fellow Steinberger, Jack (1921-) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Stein, Richard Stephen (1925-) Election: 1969, Fellow Residence at election: Stanford, CA Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Career description: Writer (novelist, short Affiliation at election: University of University story writer, essayist); Educator Massachusetts Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Amherst, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Stein, Aurel (1862-1943) Career description: Chemist; Educator Research institution staff member Election: 1930, FHM Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: European Affiliation at election: Archaeological Organization for Nuclear Research Survey of India Stein, William Howard (1911-1980) (CERN) Residence at election: Srinagar, Kashmir Election: 1960, Fellow Career description: Archaeologist; Affiliation at election: Rockefeller Institute Steinbruner, John David (1941-2015) Educator; Government agency for Medical Research Election: 1992, Fellow administrator Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Brookings Career description: Biochemist; Educator Institution Stein, Elias Menachem (1931-2018) Residence at election: Washington, DC Election: 1982, Fellow Steinbach, Henry Burr (1905-1981) Career description: Political scientist; Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 1962, Fellow International security scholar; Academic University Affiliation at election: University of and independent research institution Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Chicago administrator; Educator Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Chicago, IL Educator Career description: Zoologist; Steiner, Donald Frederick (1930-2014) Physiologist; Educator; Academic and Election: 1972, Fellow Stein, Herbert (1916-1999) research institution administrator Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1983, Fellow Chicago Affiliation at election: University of Steinberg, Daniel (1922-2015) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Virginia Election: 1986, Fellow Career description: Biochemist; Educator Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Economist; Educator; California, San Diego Steiner, George (1929-) Government official; Research institution Residence at election: San Diego, CA Election: 1989, FHM administrator Career description: Physician; Biochemist; Affiliation at election: University of Research institution administrator; Geneva Stein, Howard (1929-) Educator Residence at election: Geneva, Switzerland Election: 1989, Fellow Career description: Writer (essayist, critic, Affiliation at election: University of Steinberg, Laurence David (1952-) fiction writer); Educator Chicago Election: 2013, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Temple University Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Steinert, Alan (1901-1969) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Developmental Election: 1966, Fellow psychologist; Educator Affiliation at election: Eastern Company Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Company executive

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 586

Steinhardt, Arnold (1937-) Stendahl, Krister (1921-2008) Stephenson, Clark Conkling (1911-1994) Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Election: 1947, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Residence at election: New York, NY Divinity School Institute of Technology Career description: Musician (violinist) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Theologian; Clergy Career description: Chemist; Educator member; Educator; Academic Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923) administrator Stephenson, Franklin Bache (1848-1932) Election: 1911, Fellow Election: 1889, Fellow Affiliation at election: Union College Stent, Gunther Siegmund (1924-2008) Affiliation at election: U.S. Navy Residence at election: Schenectady, NY Election: 1968, Fellow Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Electrical engineer; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physician; Military Mathematician; Educator California, Berkeley officer Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Steinmetz, David Curtis (1936-2015) Career description: Molecular biologist; Stephenson, Randall L. (1960-) Election: 2006, Fellow Educator Election: 2017, Fellow Affiliation at election: Duke University Affiliation at election: AT&T, Inc. Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Stepan, Alfred C. (1936-2017) Residence at election: Dallas, TX Career description: Historian; Theologian; Election: 1991, Fellow Career description: Company executive Educator Affiliation at election: Columbia (communications) University Current affiliation: Same Steinmetz, Sebald Rudolf (1862-1940) Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 1935, FHM Career description: Political scientist; Stephenson, Robert (1803-1859) Affiliation at election: University of Educator; Academic administrator Election: 1849, FHM Amsterdam Affiliation at election: Government of Residence at election: Amsterdam, Stephanopoulos, George (1947-) Great Britain Netherlands Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: London, England Career description: Ethnologist; Legal Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Civil engineer; scholar; Sociologist; Educator Institute of Technology Member of Parliament Residence at election: Winchester, MA Steitz, Joan Argetsinger (1941-) Career description: Chemical engineer; Sterk, Claire E. (1957-) Election: 1982, Fellow Educator Election: 2019, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Emory University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Career description: Biochemist; Molecular Stephen, James Fitzjames (1829-1894) Career description: Medical biologist; Educator Election: 1879, FHM anthropologist; Sociologist; Public policy Current affiliation: Yale School of Affiliation at election: Queen’s Bench scholar; Academic administrator; Medicine Division Educator Residence at election: London, England Current affiliation: Same Steitz, Thomas Arthur (1940-2018) Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Election: 1990, Fellow Historian (law) Sterling, John Ewart Wallace (1906- Affiliation at election: Yale University 1985) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Stephen, Leslie (1832-1904) Election: 1967, Fellow Career description: Molecular biologist; Election: 1888, FHM Affiliation at election: Stanford University Educator Affiliation at election: Dictionary of Residence at election: Stanford, CA National Biography Career description: Historian; Political Stellar, Eliot (1919-1993) Residence at election: London, England scientist; Educator; Academic Election: 1972, Fellow Career description: Writer (biography, administrator Affiliation at election: University of history, philosophy, criticism); Editor Pennsylvania Stern, Claudio Daniel (1954-) Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Stephens, Henry Morse (1857-1919) Election: 2014, FHM Career description: Physiological Election: 1900, Associate Fellow Affiliation at election: University College psychologist; Educator; Academic Affiliation at election: Cornell University London administrator Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: London, England Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Developmental biologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 587

Stern, Curt (1902-1981) Stern, Richard Gustave (1928-2012) Sterne, Theodore Eugene (1907-1970) Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University California, Berkeley Chicago Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Residence at election: Chicago, IL Career description: Astrophysicist; Career description: Geneticist; Cytologist; Career description: Writer (fiction writer, Educator; Government research scientist Educator poet, essayist); Educator and administrator

Stern, Fritz Richard (1926-2016) Stern, Robert A.M. (1939-) Sternhell, Zeev (1935-) Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Election: 2016, FHM Affiliation at election: Columbia Affiliation at election: Yale University; Affiliation at election: Hebrew University University Robert A.M. Stern Architects, LLP of Jerusalem Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Jerusalem, Israel Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Architect; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Stern, Gerald (1925-) Election: 2012, Fellow Stern, Steve J. (1951-) Stetson, Harlan True (1885-1964) Affiliation at election: Drew University Election: 2012, Fellow Election: 1927, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Poet; Writer Wisconsin-Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA (memoirist); Educator Residence at election: Lambertville, NJ Career description: Astronomer; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Historian; Latin Geophysicist; Educator; Research America scholar; Educator; Academic institution administrator Stern, Herbert (1918-1998) administrator Election: 1969, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Stetson, Henry Crosby (1900-1955) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1945, Fellow California, San Diego Sternberg, Eli (1917-1988) Affiliation at election: Harvard University; Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Election: 1959, Fellow Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Career description: Cell biologist; Affiliation at election: Brown University Residence at election: Belmont, MA Educator Residence at election: Providence, RI Career description: Geologist; Career description: Mechanical engineer; Oceanographer; Museum curator Stern, Isaac (1920-2001) Applied mathematician; Educator Election: 1970, Fellow Stetten, Jr., DeWitt (1909-1990) Affiliation at election: New York, NY Sternberg, Paul W. (1956-) Election: 1972, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: National Institutes Career description: Musician (violinist) Affiliation at election: California Institute of Health of Technology Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Stern, Melvin Ernest (1929-2010) Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Career description: Biochemist; Election: 1975, Fellow Career description: Molecular geneticist; Government research scientist and Affiliation at election: University of Rhode Educator administrator Island Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Kingston, RI Stevens, Charles F. (1934-) Career description: Oceanographer; Sternberg, Robert Jeffrey (1949-) Election: 1984, Fellow Educator; Research institution staff Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University member Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: New Haven, CT Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Neurobiologist; Stern, Nicholas H. (1946-) Career description: Psychologist; Educator Educator Election: 1998, FHM Current affiliation: Oklahoma State Current affiliation: Salk Institute for Affiliation at election: European Bank for University Biological Studies Reconstruction and Development Residence at election: London, England Sternberg, Schlomo Zvi (1936-) Stevens, John Frank (1853-1943) Career description: Economist; Banker; Election: 1969, Fellow Election: 1928, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: London School of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: New York, NY Economics and Political Science Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Civil engineer; Educator Government agency administrator; Current affiliation: Same Company executive

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 588

Stevens, John Paul (1920-2019) Stevenson, Charles Leslie (1908-1979) Stewart III, Charles Haines (1958-) Election: 2008, Fellow Election: 1963, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts the United States Michigan Institute of Technology Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Career description: Philosopher; Educator Career description: Political scientist; Supreme Court) Educator Stevenson, Earl Place (1893-1978) Current affiliation: Same Stevens, Kenneth Noble (1924-2013) Election: 1952, Fellow Election: 1989, Fellow Affiliation at election: Arthur D. Little, Stewart, Donald Mitchell (1938-2019) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Inc. Election: 2007, Fellow Institute of Technology Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Chemist; Company Chicago Career description: Electrical engineer; research scientist and executive Residence at election: Chicago, IL Educator Career description: Academic Stevenson, Harold William (1924-2005) administrator; Company executive Stevens, Raymond Sawtell (1894-1982) Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 1957, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Stewart, Dugald (1753-1828) Affiliation at election: Arthur D. Little, Michigan Election: 1817, FHM Inc. Residence at election: Ann Arbor, MI Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Psychologist; Educator Edinburgh Career description: Chemist; Company Residence at election: Edinburgh, Scotland research scientist and executive Stevenson, William Edwards (1900- Career description: Philosopher; Educator 1985) Stevens, Rosemary A. (1935-) Election: 1956, Fellow Stewart, Garrett (1945-) Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: Oberlin College Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Oberlin, OH Affiliation at election: University of Iowa Pennsylvania Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Residence at election: Iowa City, IA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Academic administrator; Diplomat Career description: Language and literary Career description: Historian (medicine, scholar; Educator public health); Educator Stever, Horton Guyford (1916-2010) Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Weill Medical College Election: 1953, Fellow of Cornell University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Stewart, George Walter (1876-1956) Institute of Technology Election: 1937, Fellow Stevens, Stanley Smith (1906-1973) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: University of Iowa Election: 1946, Fellow Career description: Aeronautical engineer; Residence at election: Iowa City, IA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Educator; Academic and government Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA administrator Career description: Psychologist; Stewart, Jacqueline (1970-) Psychophysicist; Educator; Research Steward, Frederick Campion (1904- Election: 2018, Fellow institution administrator 1993) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1956, Fellow Chicago Stevenson, Adlai Ewing (1900-1965) Affiliation at election: Cornell University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1953, Fellow Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Career description: Film studies scholar; Affiliation at election: Springfield, IL Career description: Botanist; Educator; Educator Residence at election: Springfield, IL Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Lawyer; Government official; Diplomat Stewart, Balfour (1828-1887) Stewart, Richard Burleson (1940-) Election: 1876, FHM Election: 1987, Fellow Stevenson, Bryan A. (1959-) Affiliation at election: Owens College Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Election: 2014, Fellow Residence at election: Manchester, Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Equal Justice England Career description: Lawyer; Educator Initiative; New York University School of Career description: Physicist; Current affiliation: New York University Law Meteorologist; Educator; Research School of Law Residence at election: Montgomery, AL institution administrator Career description: Lawyer; Legal scholar; Nonprofit organization executive; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 589

Stewart, Robert Burgess (1908-1980) Stigler, Stephen Mack (1941-) Stillinger, Jack Clifford (1931-) Election: 1946, Fellow Election: 1987, Fellow Election: 1993, Fellow Affiliation at election: Tufts University Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Winchester, MA Chicago Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Urbana, IL Educator; Academic administrator; Career description: Statistician; Educator Career description: Language and literary Government official Current affiliation: Same scholar; Educator Current affiliation: Same Stewart, Susan (1952-) Stiglitz, Joseph Eugene (1943-) Election: 2005, Fellow Election: 1983, Fellow Stillman, Bruce William (1953-) Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 2008, Fellow University University Affiliation at election: Cold Spring Harbor Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Laboratory Career description: Writer (poet); Literary Career description: Economist; Educator Residence at election: Cold Spring Harbor, critic; Educator Current affiliation: Columbia University NY Current affiliation: Same Career description: Molecular biologist; Stiles, Charles Wardell (1867-1941) Research institution administrator Stewart, Zeph (1921-2007) Election: 1921, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Public Health Affiliation at election: Harvard University Service; Johns Hopkins University Stimson, Frederic Jesup (1855-1943) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Washington, DC Election: 1902, Fellow Career description: Language and literary Career description: Zoologist; Educator; Affiliation at election: State Street Trust scholar; Historian; Educator Government agency researcher and Company; State of Massachusetts administrator Residence at election: Boston, MA Steyer, Thomas F. (1957-) Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Election: 2008, Fellow Stiles, Ezra (1727-1795) Writer (novelist) Affiliation at election: Farallon Capital Election: 1781, Fellow Management, L.L.C. Affiliation at election: Yale University Stimson, James A. (1943-) Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Residence at election: New Haven, CT Election: 2000, Fellow Career description: Company executive Career description: Academic Affiliation at election: University of North Current affiliation: Next Generation administrator; Clergy member Carolina at Chapel Hill Residence at election: Chapel Hill, NC Stich, Stephen Peter (1943-) Stiles, Percy Goldthwait (1875-1936) Career description: Political scientist; Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 1916, Fellow Educator Affiliation at election: Rutgers University Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: New York, NY School Career description: Philosopher; Educator Residence at election: Newtonville, MA Stinchcombe, Arthur Leonard (1933-) Current affiliation: Rutgers, The State Career description: Physiologist; Educator Election: 1977, Fellow University of New Jersey Affiliation at election: University of Still, Jr., W. Clark (William Clark) Chicago Stieglitz, Julius Oscar (1867-1937) (1946-) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1914, Fellow Election: 1987, Fellow Career description: Sociologist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Columbia Current affiliation: Northwestern Chicago University University Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Chemist; Educator; Career description: Chemist; Educator Stinehour, Roderick Douglas (1925- Academic administrator Current affiliation: Same 2016) Election: 1966, Fellow Stigler, George Joseph (1911-1991) Stille, Alfred (1813-1900) Affiliation at election: Lunenburg, VT Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 1881, Associate Fellow Residence at election: Lunenburg, VT Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Printer; Designer; Chicago Pennsylvania Company founder and executive Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Economist; Educator; Career description: Physician; Educator Research institution administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 590

Stock, Brian Charles Alexander (1939-) Stocking, Jr., George Ward (1928-2013) Stoker, James Johnston (1905-1992) Election: 2010, FHM Election: 1990, Fellow Election: 1962, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York Toronto Chicago University Residence at election: Toronto, Ontario Residence at election: Chicago, IL Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Language and literary Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Applied scholar; Educator Historian; Educator mathematician; Educator; Research Current affiliation: Same institution administrator Stockmayer, Walter Hugo (1914-2004) Stock, Chester (1892-1950) Election: 1946, Fellow Stoker, Michael George Parke (1918- Election: 1941, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts 2013) Affiliation at election: California Institute Institute of Technology Election: 1973, FHM of Technology; Los Angeles County Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Imperial Cancer Museum Career description: Chemist; Educator Research Fund Laboratories Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: London, England Career description: Geologist; Stockwell, John Nelson (1832-1920) Career description: Oncologist; Educator; Paleontologist; Educator; Museum Election: 1889, Associate Fellow Research institution administrator curator and administrator; Government Affiliation at election: Case School of research Applied Science Stokes, Donald Elkinton (1927-1997) Residence at election: Cleveland, OH Election: 1977, Fellow Stock, James H. (1955-) Career description: Astronomer; Affiliation at election: Princeton Election: 2006, Fellow Mathematician; Educator University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Lincoln, MA Stoddart, J. Fraser (1942-) Career description: Political scientist; Career description: Economist; Educator Election: 2012, Fellow Educator; Academic and research Current affiliation: Affiliation at election: Northwestern institution administrator University Stockbarger, Donald Charles (1895- Residence at election: Evanston, IL Stokes, George Gabriel (1819-1903) 1952) Career description: Chemist; Educator Election: 1874, FHM Election: 1943, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Cambridge Institute of Technology Stodola, Aurel Boleslav (1859-1942) Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: Belmont, MA Election: 1929, FHM Career description: Physicist; Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Eidgenossische Mathematician; Educator Technische Hochschule Stocker, Thomas F. (1956-) Residence at election: Zurich, Switzerland Stokes, Jonathan (1755-1832) Election: 2016, FHM Career description: Mechanical engineer; Election: 1788, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Bern Educator Affiliation at election: Kidderminster, Residence at election: Bern, Switzerland England Career description: Climate scientist; Stoeckenius, Walther (1921-2013) Residence at election: Kidderminster, Educator Election: 1985, Fellow England Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Physician; Botanist; California, San Francisco Chemist Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1928-2007) Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Election: 1989, FHM Career description: Cytologist; Educator Stokes, Susan Carol (1959-) Affiliation at election: Cologne, Germany Election: 2008, Fellow Residence at election: Cologne, Germany Stoicheff, Boris Peter (1924-2010) Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Musician (composer, Election: 1989, FHM Residence at election: New Haven, CT conductor); Educator Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Political scientist; Toronto Educator Stockholder, Jessica (1959-) Residence at election: Toronto, Canada Current affiliation: Same Election: 2018, Fellow Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Stokey, Nancy L. (1950-) Chicago Stoke, Harold Walter (1903-1982) Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1946, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Artist (visual); Affiliation at election: University of New Chicago Educator Hampshire Residence at election: Chicago, IL Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Durham, NH Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Same Educator; Academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 591

Stokoe, William Clarence (1919-2000) Stone, Howard A. (1960-) Stone, Robert Anthony (1937-2015) Election: 1996, Fellow Election: 2011, Fellow Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: Gallaudet Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: Westport, CT University University Residence at election: Westport, CT Residence at election: Silver Spring, MD Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Writer (novelist, short Career description: Linguist; Educator; Career description: Chemical engineer; story and nonfiction writer) Research institution administrator; Materials scientist; Educator Company executive Current affiliation: Same Stone, Jr., Robert Gregg (1923-2006) Election: 2004, Fellow Stolper, Edward Manin (1952-) Stone, Jacqueline (1952-) Affiliation at election: Kirby Corporation Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 2018, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: California Institute Affiliation at election: Princeton Career description: Company executive of Technology University (shipping, energy) Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Geologist; Educator Career description: Religion scholar; Stonebraker, Michael (1944-) Current affiliation: Same Educator; Professional society Election: 2010, Fellow administrator Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Stoltzman, Richard Leslie (1942-) Current affiliation: Same Institute of Technology (Department of Election: 2013, Fellow Electrical Engineering and Computer Affiliation at election: New England Stone, James M. (1947-) Science and Computer Science and Conservatory Election: 2015, Fellow Artificial Intelligence Laboratory) Residence at election: Winchester, MA Affiliation at election: Plymouth Rock Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Musician (clarinetist, Companies Career description: Computer scientist; recording artist); Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Company executive Current affiliation: Same Career description: Company executive Current affiliation: Same and founder (insurance); Economist Stommel, Henry Melson (1920-1992) Current affiliation: Same Stonesifer, Patty (Patricia Q.) (1956-) Election: 1959, Fellow Election: 2004, Fellow Affiliation at election: Woods Hole Stone, John Richard Nicholas (1913- Affiliation at election: Bill and Melinda Oceanographic Institution 1991) Gates Foundation Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Election: 1968, FHM Residence at election: Seattle, WA Career description: Oceanographer; Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Company executive Educator Cambridge (computers); Foundation executive Residence at election: Cambridge, England Current affiliation: Martha’s Table Stone, Edward Durell (1902-1978) Career description: Economist; Educator Election: 1960, Fellow Stoppard, Tom (1937-) Affiliation at election: Edward Durell Stone, John Stone (1869-1943) Election: 1986, FHM Stone and Associates Election: 1896, Fellow Affiliation at election: London, England Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: American Bell Residence at election: London, England Career description: Architect; Company Telephone Company Career description: Writer (playwright, executive Residence at election: Boston, MA novelist) Career description: Electrical and Current affiliation: Same Stone, Geoffrey Richard (1946-) communications engineer; Company Election: 1990, Fellow research staff member and executive Storb, Ursula Beate (1936-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1992, Fellow Chicago Law School Stone, Lawrence (1919-1999) Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 1968, Fellow Chicago Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Chicago, IL Academic administrator University Career description: Molecular biologist; Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Educator Career description: Historian; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Stone, Harlan Fiske (1872-1946) Research institution administrator Election: 1933, Fellow Storer, David Humphreys (1804-1891) Affiliation at election: Supreme Court of Stone, Marshall Harvey (1903-1989) Election: 1837, Fellow the United States Election: 1933, Fellow Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Washington, DC Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Lawyer; Jurist (U.S. Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Zoologist; Physician; Supreme Court); Educator; Academic Career description: Mathematician; Educator; Academic administrator administrator Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 592

Storer, Ebenezer (1729-1807) Story, William Edward (1850-1930) Strand, Mark (1934-2014) Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1876, Fellow Election: 1995, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Somerville, MA University Career description: Businessperson Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Educator Career description: Writer (poet); Poet Storer, Francis Humphreys (1832-1914) laureate; Educator Election: 1857, Fellow Story, William Wetmore (1819-1895) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 1863, Fellow Strand, Paul (1890-1976) Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 1973, Fellow Career description: Chemist; Educator; Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: Yvelines, France Academic administrator Career description: Artist (sculptor); Residence at election: Yvelines, France Lawyer Career description: Artist (photographer; Storer, Horatio Robinson (1830-1922) cinematographer) Election: 1858, Fellow Storz, Gisela T. (1962-) Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Election: 2011, Fellow Strandberg, Malcolm Woodrow Residence at election: Boston, MA Affiliation at election: National Institutes Pershing (1919-2015) Career description: Physician; of Health Election: 1957, Fellow Numismatist Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Career description: Molecular biologist; Institute of Technology Storey, Moorfield (1845-1929) Biochemist; Government research agency Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1913, Fellow administrator Career description: Physicist; Educator Affiliation at election: Brooks and Ball Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Boston, MA Strang, William Gilbert (1934-) Career description: Lawyer; Civic activist Stossel, Thomas Peter (1941-) Election: 1985, Fellow Election: 1996, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Stork, Gilbert (1921-2017) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Institute of Technology Election: 1962, Fellow School; Brigham and Women’s Hospital Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Affiliation at election: Columbia Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Mathematician; University Career description: Physician; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Hematologist; Educator; Hospital Current affiliation: Same Career description: Chemist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Strasburger, Eduard Adolf (1844-1912)

Stormer, Horst Ludwig (1949-) Election: 1892, FHM Election: 1992, Fellow Stouffer, Samuel Andrew (1900-1960) Affiliation at election: University of Bonn Affiliation at election: AT&T Bell Election: 1950, Fellow Residence at election: Bonn, Germany Laboratories Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Botanist; Plant Residence at election: New Providence, NJ Residence at election: Cambridge, MA cytologist; Educator Career description: Physicist; Company Career description: Sociologist; research administrator; Educator Statistician; Educator; Research Strassmann, Joan E. (1953-) Current affiliation: Columbia University institution administrator Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rice University Storrow, Charles Storer (1809-1904) Stout, George Leslie (1897-1978) Residence at election: Houston, TX Election: 1840, Fellow Election: 1954, Fellow Career description: Ecologist; Affiliation at election: Boston and Lowell Affiliation at election: Worcester Art Evolutionary biologist; Educator Railroad Museum Current affiliation: Washington Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Worcester, MA University in St. Louis Career description: Civil engineer; Career description: Art conservator; Company executive Museum administrator Strathern, Marilyn (1941-) Election: 1996, FHM Story, Joseph (1779-1845) Stout, Jeffrey Lee (1950-) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1810, Fellow Election: 2008, Fellow Cambridge Affiliation at election: Salem, MA Affiliation at election: Princeton Residence at election: Cambridge, England Residence at election: Salem, MA University Career description: Anthropologist; Career description: Member, U.S. House Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Educator of Representatives; Jurist (U.S. Supreme Career description: Religion scholar; Current affiliation: Same Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 593

Stratton, Julius Adams (1901-1994) Strauss, Sharon Y. (1956-) Streep, Meryl (Mary Louise) (1949-) Election: 1946, Fellow Election: 2015, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: New York, NY Institute of Technology California, Davis Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Belmont, MA Residence at election: Davis, CA Career description: Actor Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Evolutionary ecologist; Current affiliation: Same Academic administrator Educator Current affiliation: Same Street, Jabez Curry (1906-1989) Stratton, Samuel Wesley (1861-1931) Election: 1937, Fellow Election: 1923, Fellow Strauss, Walter A. (1937-) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2013, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Brown University Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Newton, MA Career description: Physicist; Educator; Career description: Mathematician; Streetman, Ben Garland (1939-) Government official; Academic Applied mathematician; Educator Election: 2001, Fellow administrator Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Texas at Austin Strauch, Karl (1922-2000) Residence at election: Austin, TX Election: 1958, Fellow Career description: Electrical engineer; Affiliation at election: Harvard University Educator; Academic administrator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Current affiliation: Same Career description: Physicist; Educator; Research institution administrator Strehler, Giorgio (1921-1997) Election: 1993, FHM Straus, Roger W. (1917-2004) Affiliation at election: Milan, Italy Election: 1997, Fellow Residence at election: Milan, Italy Affiliation at election: Farrar, Straus & Career description: Producer and director Giroux, Inc. (opera) Residence at election: New York, NY Career description: Company founder and Streitwieser, Jr., Andrew (1927-) executive (publishing); Editor Election: 1977, Fellow Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky, elected 1940, Affiliation at election: University of Strauss, David A. (1952-) FHM. Image donated by Corbis-Bettmann California, Berkeley Election: 2002, Fellow Stravinsky, Igor Fyodorovich (1882- Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Affiliation at election: University of 1971) Career description: Chemist; Educator Chicago Law School Election: 1940, FHM Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Chicago, IL Affiliation at election: Paris, France Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: Paris, France Strick, Peter L. (1946-) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Musician (composer, Election: 2004, Fellow conductor, pianist) Affiliation at election: University of Strauss, Leo (1899-1973) Pittsburgh Election: 1968, Fellow Strawson, Peter Frederick (1919-2006) Residence at election: Pittsburgh, PA Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1971, FHM Career description: Neuroscientist; Chicago Affiliation at election: University of Educator Residence at election: Chicago, IL Oxford Current affiliation: Same Career description: Political scientist; Residence at election: Oxford, England Philosopher; Educator Career description: Philosopher; Educator Strider, Robert Edward Lee (1917-2010) Election: 1962, Fellow Strauss, Peter L. (1940-) Strayer, Joseph Reese (1904-1987) Affiliation at election: Colby College Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1954, Fellow Residence at election: Waterville, ME Affiliation at election: Columbia Law Affiliation at election: Princeton Career description: Language and literary School University scholar; Academic administrator; Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator Career description: Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Striedter, Jurij (1926-2016) Election: 1983, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Language and literary scholar; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 594

Strier, Karen B. (1959-) Strominger, Andrew (1955-) Stroud, Barry (1935-2019) Election: 2009, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Election: 1987, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin-Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA California, Berkeley Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Physicist; Educator Residence at election: Berkeley, CA Career description: Anthropologist; Current affiliation: Same Career description: Philosopher; Educator Educator; Academic and research institution administrator Strominger, Jack Leonard (1925-) Stroud, Robert M. (1942-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 2007, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: University of Striker, Gisela (1943-) Wisconsin Medical School California, San Francisco Election: 1993, Fellow Residence at election: Madison, WI Residence at election: San Francisco, CA Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Biochemist; Career description: Biochemist; Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Immunologist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Philosopher; Educator Current affiliation: Harvard University Current affiliation: Same Strouse, Jean (1945-) Strong, Caleb (1745-1819) Election: 2004, Fellow Strittmatter, Peter Albert (1939-) Election: 1780, Fellow Affiliation at election: New York Public Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: State of Library Affiliation at election: University of Massachusetts Residence at election: New York, NY Arizona Residence at election: Northampton, MA Career description: Historian; Biographer; Residence at election: Tucson, AZ Career description: Lawyer; Governor of Writer; Cultural institution administrator Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Massachusetts; U.S. Senator Current affiliation: Same Academic research institution administrator Strong, John Donovan (1905-1992) Struhl, Gary (1954-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1961, Fellow Election: 2005, Fellow Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Affiliation at election: Columbia Strobel, Edward Henry (1855-1908) University University Election: 1902, Fellow Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Harvard University Career description: Physicist; Astronomer; Career description: Geneticist; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Educator; Research institution Developmental biologist; Educator Career description: Government official; administrator Current affiliation: Columbia University Diplomat College of Physicians and Surgeons Strong, Richard Pearson (1872-1948) Strogatz, Steven H. (1959-) Election: 1914, Fellow Struhl, Kevin (1952-) Election: 2012, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Election: 2008, Fellow Affiliation at election: Cornell University School Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Boston, MA School Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Physician; Educator; Residence at election: Boston, MA Educator Research institution administrator Career description: Biochemist; Educator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Strong, Theodore (1790-1869) Strome, Susan (1952-) Election: 1832, Associate Fellow Struik, Dirk Jan (1894-2000) Election: 2010, Fellow Affiliation at election: Rutgers College Election: 1930, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: New Brunswick, NJ Affiliation at election: Massachusetts California, Santa Cruz Career description: Mathematician; Institute of Technology Residence at election: Santa Cruz, CA Educator Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Cell biologist; Career description: Mathematician; Educator Stroock, Daniel Wyler (1940-) Historian; Educator Current affiliation: Same Election: 1991, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Strunk, Oliver (William Oliver) (1901- Stromgren, Bengt Georg Daniel (1908- Institute of Technology 1980) 1987) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 1962, Fellow Election: 1955, Fellow Career description: Mathematician; Affiliation at election: Princeton Affiliation at election: University of Educator University Chicago Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Residence at election: Williams Bay, WI Career description: Musicologist; Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Educator; Librarian Observatory administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 595

Strutt (Lord Rayleigh), John William Stuart, Moses (1780-1852) Studier, F. William (Frederick William) (1842-1919) Election: 1815, Fellow (1936-) Election: 1888, FHM Affiliation at election: Andover Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Royal Institution of Theological Seminary Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Great Britain Residence at election: Andover, MA National Laboratory Residence at election: Witham, England Career description: Theologian; Biblical Residence at election: Upton, NY Career description: Physicist; Educator scholar; Educator; Clergy member Career description: Biophysicist; Molecular biologist; Research institution Struve, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (1793- Stubbe, Joanne (1947-) staff member 1864) Election: 1991, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Election: 1834, FHM Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Pulkovo Institute of Technology Stump, Eleonore (1947-) Observatory, St. Petersburg Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Election: 2012, Fellow Residence at election: Pulkovo, Russia Career description: Chemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Saint Louis Career description: Astronomer; Research Current affiliation: Same University institution administrator; Educator Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Stubbins, Jr., Hugh Asher (1912-2006) Career description: Philosopher; Editor; Struve, Otto (1897-1963) Election: 1957, Fellow Professional society administrator Election: 1942, Fellow Affiliation at election: Hugh Stubbins & Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Associates, Inc. Chicago Residence at election: Boston, MA Stuntz, William J. (1958-2011) Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Architect Election: 2008, Fellow Career description: Astronomer; Educator; Affiliation at election: Harvard Law School Observatory administrator Stubbs, William (1825-1901) Residence at election: Belmont, MA Election: 1881, FHM Career description: Legal scholar; Struve, Otto Wilhelm von (1819-1905) Affiliation at election: University of Educator Election: 1864, FHM Oxford Affiliation at election: Pulkovo Residence at election: Oxford, England Stupp, Samuel I. (1951-) Observatory, St. Petersburg Career description: Historian; Clergy Election: 1998, Fellow Residence at election: Pulkovo, Russia member; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Career description: Astronomer; Research Illinois at Urbana-Champaign institution administrator Stucky, Galen D. (1936-) Residence at election: Urbana, IL Election: 2005, Fellow Career description: Materials scientist; Struve, Peter Bernhardov (Pyotr Affiliation at election: University of Chemist; Educator Berngardovich) (1870-1944) California, Santa Barbara Current affiliation: Northwestern Election: 1934, FHM Residence at election: Santa Barbara, CA University Affiliation at election: Belgrade, Career description: Chemist; Educator Yugoslavia Current affiliation: Same Sturgis, Richard Clipston (1860-1951) Residence at election: Belgrade, Yugoslavia Election: 1917, Fellow Career description: Writer (economics, Stucky, Steven (1949-2016) Affiliation at election: Office of R. politics, history); Editor; Government Election: 2006, Fellow Clipston Sturgis official Affiliation at election: Cornell University; Residence at election: Boston, MA Los Angeles Philharmonic; New York Career description: Architect; Company Stryer, Lubert (1938-) Philharmonic executive Election: 1975, Fellow Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Affiliation at election: Yale University Career description: Musician (composer); Sturgis, William Codman (1862-1942) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Educator Election: 1916, Fellow Career description: Molecular and cell Affiliation at election: Colorado College biologist; Educator Studer, Bernhard (1794-1887) Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Stanford School of Election: 1882, FHM Career description: Botanist; Educator; Medicine Affiliation at election: University of Bern Government research scientist; Academic Residence at election: Bern, Switzerland administrator Stryker, Michael P. (1947-) Career description: Geologist; Educator Election: 2002, Fellow Sturtevant, Alfred Henry (1891-1970) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1949, Fellow California, San Francisco Affiliation at election: California Institute Residence at election: San Francisco, CA of Technology Career description: Neuroscientist; Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Educator Career description: Geneticist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 596

Sturtevant, Edgar Howard (1875-1952) Südhof, Thomas Christian (1955-) Suits, Chauncey Guy (1905-1991) Election: 1940, Fellow Election: 2010, Fellow Election: 1966, Fellow Affiliation at election: Yale University Affiliation at election: Stanford School of Affiliation at election: General Electric Residence at election: New Haven, CT Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Company Career description: Classicist; Linguist; Institute Residence at election: Schenectady, NY Educator Residence at election: Palo Alto, CA Career description: Physicist; Company Career description: Neurophysiologist; research scientist and executive; Sturtevant, Julian Munson (1908-2005) Educator Foundation executive Election: 1973, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Yale University Sullivan, Dennis Parnell (1941-) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Sueoka, Noboru (1929-) Election: 1991, Fellow Career description: Biophysical chemist; Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: Graduate Center of Educator Affiliation at election: Princeton the City University of New York University Residence at election: New York, NY Styron, Jr., William Clark (1925-2006) Residence at election: Princeton, NJ Career description: Mathematician; Election: 1968, Fellow Career description: Geneticist; Biochemist; Educator Affiliation at election: Roxbury, CT Educator Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Roxbury, CT Current affiliation: University of Career description: Writer (novelist, California, Irvine Sullivan, James (1744-1808) essayist) Election: 1780, Fellow Suess, Hans Eduard (1909-1993) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M. (1956-) Election: 1972, Fellow Supreme Judicial Court Election: 2014, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Groton, MA Affiliation at election: University of California, San Diego Career description: Lawyer; Governor of California, Los Angeles Residence at election: San Diego, CA Massachusetts; Jurist Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Career description: Chemist; Educator Career description: Cultural and social Sullivan, John L. (1945-) anthropologist; Education researcher; Suga, Nobuo (1933-) Election: 2007, Fellow Educator; Academic administrator Election: 1992, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: Washington Minnesota University in St. Louis Residence at election: St. Paul, MN Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1959-) Residence at election: St. Louis, MO Career description: Political scientist; Election: 2009, Fellow Career description: Neurophysiologist; Educator Affiliation at election: University of Educator Current affiliation: Same California, Los Angeles Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Sullivan, John Langdon (1777-1865) Career description: Historian; Educator; Sugrue, Thomas J. (1962-) Election: 1810, Associate Fellow Academic and research institution Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: Middlesex Canal administrator Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Current affiliation: Same Pennsylvania Career description: Engineer; Company Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA executive; Physician Suckale, Robert (1943-) Career description: Historian; Educator Election: 2014, FHM Current affiliation: Same Sullivan, Kathleen Marie (1955-) Affiliation at election: Technische Election: 1996, Fellow Universität Berlin Suhl, Harry (1922-) Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Berlin, Germany Election: 1996, Fellow Law School Career description: Historian (art, Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Stanford, CA architecture) California, San Diego Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Residence at election: San Diego, CA Academic administrator Career description: Physicist; Educator; Current affiliation: Quinn Emmanuel Sudan, Madhu (1966-) Company research staff member Urquhar & Sullivan, LLP; Stanford Law Election: 2010, Fellow Current affiliation: Same School Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Residence at election: Somerville, MA Career description: Computer scientist; Educator Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 597

Sullivan, Kathryn D. (1951-) Sullivan, William (1774-1839) Summers, Robert (1922-2012) Election: 2017, Fellow Election: 1813, Fellow Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: Smithsonian Affiliation at election: State of Affiliation at election: University of Institution Massachusetts Pennsylvania Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Philadelphia, PA Career description: Astronaut; Career description: Government official Career description: Economist; Educator Government research scientist (state legislator); Lawyer; Author Current affiliation: Same Summerson, John Newenham (1904- Sullivant, William Starling (1803-1873) 1992) Sullivan, Lawrence E. (1953-) Election: 1845, Associate Fellow Election: 1967, FHM Election: 2002, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbus, OH Affiliation at election: Sir John Soane’s Affiliation at election: Harvard University Residence at election: Columbus, OH Museum; University of London Divinity School Career description: Botanist; Residence at election: London, England Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Businessperson Career description: Historian Career description: Theologian; Educator; (architecture); Educator; Museum curator Academic research agency administrator Sulzberger, Arthur Hays (1891-1968) Current affiliation: University of Notre Election: 1950, Fellow Sumner, Charles (1811-1874) Dame Affiliation at election: New York Times Election: 1865, Fellow Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: U.S. Senate Sullivan, Louis Wade (1933-) Career description: Journalist; Publisher; Residence at election: Boston, MA Election: 1994, Fellow Company executive Career description: Lawyer; U.S. Senator Affiliation at election: Morehouse College School of Medicine Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs (1926-2012) Sumner, Increase (1746-1799) Residence at election: Atlanta, GA Election: 1988, Fellow Election: 1791, Fellow Career description: Physician; Educator; Affiliation at election: New York Times Affiliation at election: Massachusetts U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Residence at election: New York, NY Supreme Judicial Court Services Career description: Company executive Residence at election: Roxbury, MA Current affiliation: Morehouse School of (publishing); Journalist Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Medicine Governor of Massachusetts Summers, John David (1941-) Sullivan, Michael (Donovan Michael) Election: 1996, Fellow Sumner, James Batcheller (1887-1955) (1916-2013) Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1949, Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Virginia Affiliation at election: Cornell University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Residence at election: Ithaca, NY Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Historian (art); Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Historian (art); Educator Educator Current affiliation: Same Sumner, John Osborne (1863-1938) Election: 1916, Fellow Sullivan, Richard (1779-1861) Summers, Joseph Holmes (1920-2003) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1810, Fellow Election: 1982, Fellow Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Brookline, MA Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Brookline, MA Rochester Career description: Historian; Educator Career description: Government official Residence at election: Rochester, NY (state legislator); Lawyer Career description: Language and literary Sumner, William Graham (1840-1910) scholar; Educator Election: 1881, Associate Fellow Sullivan, Teresa A. (1949-) Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 2015, Fellow Summers, Lawrence H. (1954-) Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1987, Fellow Career description: Sociologist; Virginia Affiliation at election: Harvard University Economist; Educator Residence at election: Charlottesville, VA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Career description: Academic Career description: Economist; U.S. Sundberg, Jacob Wilhelm Fredrik (1927-) Administrator; Education specialist Secretary of the Treasury; Academic Election: 2002, FHM Current affiliation: Same administrator Affiliation at election: University of Current affiliation: Harvard University Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Institute Sullivan, Jr., Walter Seager (1918-1996) of Public and International Law Election: 1994, Fellow Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Affiliation at election: New York Times Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Current affiliation: Stockholm Institute of Career description: Journalist; Editor Public and International Law

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 598

Sundquist, Eric John (1952-) Sur, Mriganka (1953-) Sutherland, Earl Wilbur (1915-1974) Election: 1997, Fellow Election: 2003, Fellow Election: 1969, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: Vanderbilt California, Los Angeles Institute of Technology University School of Medicine Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Nashville, TN Career description: Language and literary Career description: Neuroscientist; Career description: Biochemist; scholar; Educator; Academic Educator Pharmacologist; Physiologist; Educator administrator Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Johns Hopkins Sutherland, Gordon Brims Black University Suresh, Subra (1956-) McIvor (1907-1980) Election: 2004, Fellow Election: 1968, FHM Sundquist, James Lloyd (1915-2016) Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Affiliation at election: University of Election: 1983, Fellow Institute of Technology Cambridge Affiliation at election: Brookings Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Cambridge, England Institution Career description: Materials scientist; Career description: Physicist; Educator; Residence at election: Washington, DC Mechanical engineer; Educator Government research scientist and Career description: Political scientist; Current affiliation: Carnegie Mellon administrator; Academic administrator Government official; Research institution University staff member Sutherland, Ivan Edward (1938-) Surrey, Stanley Sterling (1910-1984) Election: 1994, Fellow Sundquist, Wesley I. (1959-) Election: 1967, Fellow Affiliation at election: Sun Microsystems, Election: 2011, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Department of Inc. Affiliation at election: University of Utah the Treasury Residence at election: Mountain View, CA Residence at election: Salt Lake City, UT Residence at election: Washington, DC Career description: Computer engineer; Career description: Biochemist; Educator Career description: Lawyer; Educator; Company executive; Educator Current affiliation: Same Government official Current affiliation: Same

Sunstein, Cass R. (1954-) Suslin, Andrei Alexandrovich (1950- Sutherland, Lucy Stuart (1903-1980) Election: 1992, Fellow 2018) Election: 1965, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Election: 2001, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Chicago Affiliation at election: Northwestern Oxford Residence at election: Chicago, IL University Residence at election: Oxford, England Career description: Lawyer; Educator Residence at election: Evanston, IL Career description: Historian; Educator; Current affiliation: Harvard Law School Career description: Mathematician; Academic administrator Educator Sunyaev, Rashid Alievich (1943-) Sutin, Norman (1928-) Election: 1992, FHM Susskind, Leonard (1939-) Election: 1990, Fellow Affiliation at election: Russian Academy of Election: 1994, Fellow Affiliation at election: Brookhaven Sciences Affiliation at election: Stanford University National Laboratory Residence at election: Moscow, Russia Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Upton, NY Career description: Astrophysicist; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Chemist; Research Research institution administrator Current affiliation: Same institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Current affiliation: Same Sussman, Gerald Jay (1947-) Suomi, Verner Edward (1915-1995) Election: 1996, Fellow Svedberg, Theodor (1884-1971) Election: 1977, Fellow Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1948, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Wisconsin, Madison Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Uppsala Residence at election: Madison, WI Career description: Electrical engineer; Residence at election: Uppsala, Sweden Career description: Meteorologist; Computer scientist; Educator Career description: Physical chemist; Inventor; Educator; Research institution Current affiliation: Same Educator; Research institution administrator administrator Sutherland, Arthur Eugene (1902-1973) Suppes, Patrick (1922-2014) Election: 1955, Fellow Election: 1968, Fellow Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Stanford University Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Stanford, CA Career description: Lawyer; Educator Career description: Philosopher; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 599

Svensson, Lars E. O. (1947-) Swallow, John Crossley (1923-1994) Swartz, Olof Peter (1760-1818) Election: 2000, FHM Election: 1975, FHM Election: 1805, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Institute of Affiliation at election: Royal Swedish Stockholm Oceanographic Sciences Academy of Sciences Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Residence at election: Surrey, England Residence at election: Stockholm, Sweden Career description: Economist; Educator Career description: Oceanographer; Career description: Botanist; Natural Current affiliation: Swedish House of Research organization staff member history explorer; Educator; Learned Finance, SIFR-The Institute for Financial society administrator Research Swaminathan, Monkombu Sambasivan (1925-) Swarzenski, Hanns Peter Theophil Sverdrup, Harald Ulrik (1888-1957) Election: 1984, FHM (1903-1985) Election: 1944, Fellow Affiliation at election: International Rice Election: 1959, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Research Institute Affiliation at election: Museum of Fine California, San Diego Residence at election: Manila, Philippines Arts, Boston Residence at election: La Jolla, CA Career description: Geneticist; Research Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Geophysicist; organization staff member and Career description: Historian (art); Educator; Research institution and administrator Museum curator academic administrator Current affiliation: M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Sweeney, James Johnson (1900-1986) Swager, Timothy Manning (1961-) Election: 1967, Fellow Election: 2006, Fellow Swan, Thomas Walter (1877-1975) Affiliation at election: Houston Museum Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1939, Fellow of Fine Arts Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: U.S. Circuit Court, Residence at election: Houston, TX Residence at election: Newton, MA Second Circuit Career description: Critic; Historian (art); Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Museum administrator Current affiliation: Same Career description: Lawyer; Jurist; Educator; Academic administrator Sweeney, John Lincoln (1906-1986) Swain, Charles Gardner (1917-1988) Election: 1960, Fellow Election: 1953, Fellow Swanson, Carl Pontius (1911-1996) Affiliation at election: Harvard University Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 1960, Fellow Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Literary scholar; Residence at election: Cambridge, MA University Librarian Career description: Chemist; Educator Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Career description: Biologist; Educator Sweet, William Herbert (1910-2001) Swain, George Fillmore (1857-1931) Election: 1954, Fellow Election: 1888, Fellow Swanson, Larry William (1945-) Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Affiliation at election: Massachusetts Election: 2003, Fellow School Institute of Technology Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Boston, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Southern California Career description: Neurosurgeon; Career description: Civil engineer; Residence at election: Los Angeles, CA Educator; Hospital administrator Educator Career description: Neuroscientist; Anatomist; Educator; Research institution Sweetser, William (1797-1875) Swain, Tony (1922-1987) staff member Election: 1831, Associate Fellow Election: 1977, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Affiliation at election: University of Affiliation at election: Boston University Vermont Residence at election: Boston, MA Swartz, Melody (1969-) Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Plant biochemist; Election: 2018, Fellow Career description: Physician; Educator Educator; Government research agency Affiliation at election: University of scientist Chicago Swensen, David Frederick (1954-) Residence at election: Chicago, IL Election: 2008, Fellow Swallow, George Clinton (1817-1899) Career description: Biomedical engineer; Affiliation at election: Yale University Election: 1859, Associate Fellow Educator Residence at election: New Haven, CT Affiliation at election: State of Missouri Current affiliation: Same Career description: Academic Residence at election: Columbia, MO administrator Career description: Geologist; Educator; Current affiliation: Same Government research agency and academic administrator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 600

Swets, John Arthur (1928-2016) Swinney, Harry Leonard (1939-) Szabo, Attila (1947-) Election: 1993, Fellow Election: 1991, Fellow Election: 2009, Fellow Affiliation at election: Bolt, Beranek & Affiliation at election: University of Texas Affiliation at election: National Institutes Newman, Inc. at Austin of Health, Bethesda, MD Residence at election: Cambridge, MA Residence at election: Austin, TX Residence at election: Bethesda, MD Career description: Psychologist; Career description: Physicist; Educator Career description: Biophysical chemist; Company scientist and executive Current affiliation: Same Government research agency scientist and administrator Swett, John Barnard (1752-1796) Sykes, Lynn Ray (1937-) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1780, Fellow Election: 1979, Fellow Affiliation at election: Marblehead, MA Affiliation at election: Columbia Szalay, Alexander Sandor (1949-) Residence at election: Marblehead, MA University Election: 2003, Fellow Career description: Physician; Surgeon Residence at election: New York, NY Affiliation at election: Johns Hopkins Career description: Geophysicist; University Swett, Samuel (1782-1866) Seismologist; Educator Residence at election: Baltimore, MD Election: 1813, Fellow Current affiliation: Same Career description: Astrophysicist; Affiliation at election: Boston, MA Educator Residence at election: Boston, MA Sylla, Richard E. (1940-) Current affiliation: Same Career description: Businessperson; Election: 2012, Fellow Government official (state legislator); Affiliation at election: New York Szczepanski, Jan (1913-2004) Lawyer University Leonard N. Stern School of Election: 1972, FHM Business Affiliation at election: Polish Academy of Swidler, Ann (1945-) Residence at election: New York, NY Sciences Election: 2013, Fellow Career description: Historian (economic); Residence at election: Warsaw, Poland Affiliation at election: University of Academic administrator; Educator Career description: Sociologist; Educator; California, Berkeley Current affiliation: Same Academic and research organization Residence at election: Berkeley, CA administrator Career description: Sociologist; Educator Sylvester, James Joseph (1814-1897) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1873, FHM Sze, Arthur C. (1950-) Affiliation at election: Royal Military Election: 2017, Fellow Swift, Ernest Haywood (1897-1987) Academy, Woolwich Affiliation at election: Institute of Election: 1962, Fellow Residence at election: Woolwich, England American Indian Arts Affiliation at election: California Institute Career description: Mathematician; Residence at election: Santa Fe, NM of Technology Educator Career description: Writer (poet); Residence at election: Pasadena, CA Translator; Editor; Educator Career description: Chemist; Educator Syme, Ronald (1903-1989) Current affiliation: Same Election: 1959, FHM Swift, Hewson Hoyt (1920-2004) Affiliation at election: University of Szego, Gabor (1895-1985) Election: 1967, Fellow Oxford Election: 1976, Fellow Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Oxford, England Affiliation at election: Stanford University Chicago Career description: Historian; Classicist; Residence at election: Stanford, CA Residence at election: Chicago, IL Educator Career description: Mathematician; Career description: Cytologist; Educator Educator Symington, Lorraine S. (1958-) Swift, William Henry (1800-1879) Election: 2018, Fellow Szelenyi, Ivan (1938-) Election: 1847, Fellow Affiliation at election: Columbia Election: 2000, Fellow Affiliation at election: U.S. Army University Affiliation at election: Yale University Residence at election: Washington, DC Residence at election: New York, NY Residence at election: New Haven, CT Career description: Army officer; Career description: Cell biologist; Career description: Sociologist; Educator Engineer; Businessperson Educator Current affiliation: New York University Current affiliation: Same Swings, Polidore F. F. (1906-1983) Election: 1965, FHM Affiliation at election: University of Liege Residence at election: Liege, Belgium Career description: Astronomer; Astrophysicist; Educator

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 601

Szell, George (1897-1970) Szent-Gyorgyi, Andrew Gabriel (1924- Sztompka, Piotr (1944-) Election: 1967, Fellow 2015) Election: 1996, FHM Affiliation at election: Cleveland Orchestra Election: 1975, Fellow Affiliation at election: Jagiellonian Residence at election: Cleveland, OH Affiliation at election: Brandeis University University Career description: Musician (conductor) Residence at election: Waltham, MA Residence at election: Krakow, Poland Career description: Biochemist; Educator; Career description: Sociologist; Educator Szentagothai, Janos (1912-1994) Research institution staff member Current affiliation: Same Election: 1973, FHM Szymborska, Wislawa (1923-2012) Affiliation at election: University of Szilard, Leo (1898-1964) Election: 2005, FHM Budapest Medical School Election: 1954, Fellow Affiliation at election: Krakow, Poland Residence at election: Budapest, Hungary Affiliation at election: University of Residence at election: Krakow, Poland Career description: Neuroanatomist; Chicago Career description: Writer (poet, essayist); Educator Residence at election: New York, NY Editor Career description: Biophysicist; Educator Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert von Nagyrapolt (1893-1986) Szostak, Jack W. (1952-) Election: 1957, Fellow Election: 1999, Fellow Affiliation at election: Marine Biological Affiliation at election: Harvard Medical Laboratory School; Massachusetts General Hospital Residence at election: Woods Hole, MA Residence at election: Boston, MA Career description: Biochemist; Research Career description: Geneticist; Biochemist; institution administrator; Foundation Educator executive Current affiliation: Same

Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780-2019 602