Linguistic Impoliteness Strategies in Anne Robinson's Utterances in Bbc
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Risk and Return Considerations in the Weakest Link 1. Introduction
Risk and Return Considerations in The Weakest Link B. Ross Barmish and Nigel Boston Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 Abstract The television game show, The Weakest Link, involves contestants making a sequence of decisions over time. Given the rules of the game and the process for accrual of payoffs over time, a number of authors have recognized that this show serves as a laboratory for assessment of human decision-making. To this end, by comparing theoretically derived gaming strategies with those actually used by the contestants, conclusions are drawn regarding the extent to which players’ decisions are rational and consistent with the pursuit of optimality. The first main objective of this paper is to provide arguments that the models used in the literature to date may result in an erroneous impression of the extent to which contestants’ decisions deviate from the optimum. More specifically, we first point out that previous authors, while concentrating on maximization of the expected value of the return, totally neglect the risk component; i.e., the expected return is considered while its variance is not. To this end, we expand the analysis of previous authors to include both risk and return and a number of other factors: mixing of strategies and so- called end effects due to fixed round length. It is seen that many strategies, discounted by previous authors as being sub-optimal in terms of maximization of expected return, may in fact be consistent with rational decision-making. That is, such strategies satisfy a certain “efficiency” requirement in the risk-return plane. -
THE WEAKEST LINK a Field Experiment in Rational Decision
UC@X@6F@TUGDIF 6svryqrr vrv hvhyqrpvvhxvt Marco Haan Bart Los University of Groningen University of Groningen Yohanes Riyanto Martin Van Geest National University of Singapore University of Groningen - P R E L I M I N A R Y - February 5, 2002 6i hp We analyze the BBC TV game show “The Weakest Link”, using data from 77 episodes, cover- ing 13,380 questions. We focus on the banking decision, where a contestant chooses to secure an amount of money for the eventual winner, or to risk it on a general knowledge question. In the latter case, should he answer correctly, the amount at stake increases exponentially. We show that banking decisions are not rational: a crude rule of thumb performs substantially better than the contestants’ strategies. Yet, at least to some extent, contestants do take into account their own ability and the fact that questions are progressively more difficult. 1 Haan, Los, and van Geest: Department of Economics, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Riyanto: Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, 1Arts Link, Singapore 117570. E-mail: [email protected]. D qpv A widely discussed question in economics is whether real-life economic agents really are ra- tional, in the sense that they maximize some objective function within the limits imposed by given conditions and constraints placed upon them by their environment (see e.g. Simon, 1964). Even more importantly, if agents do not behave like this, then in what ways does their behavior deviate from that rational model, and to what extent does it comply with at least some elements of rational decision-making? Empirical evidence on such issues comes primarily from the experimental literature (for a survey, see Kagel and Roth, 1995). -
Weakest Link
Weakest Link The use of a weak element that will fail in order to protect other elements in the system from damage. It is said that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. This suggests that the weakest link in a chain is also the least valuable and most expendable link—a liability to the system that should be reinforced, replaced, or removed. However, the weakest element in a system can be used to protect other more important elements, essentially making the weakest link one of the most important elements in the system. For example, electrical circuits are protected by fuses, which are designed to fail so that a power surge doesn’t damage the circuit. The fuse is the weakest link in the system. As such, the fuse is also the most valuable link in the system. The weakest link in a system can function in one of two ways: it can fail and passively minimize damage, or it can fail and activate additional systems that actively minimize damage. An example of a passive design is the use of fuses in electrical circuits as described above. An example of an active design is the use of automatic sprinklers in a building. Sprinkler systems are typically activated by components that fail (e.g., liquid in a glass cell that expands to break the glass when heated), which then activate the release of the water. Applying the weakest link principle involves several steps: identify a failure condition; identify or define the weakest link in the system for that failure condition; further weaken the weakest link and strengthen the other links as necessary to address the failure condition; and ensure that the weakest link will only fail under the appropriate, predefined failure conditions. -
Discourses on Public Library Cuts: an Analysis of Media Representations of Public Library Campaigns
WHAT DO WE STAND TO LOSE? DISCOURSES ON PUBLIC LIBRARY CUTS: AN ANALYSIS OF MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS OF PUBLIC LIBRARY CAMPAIGNS. A study submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Librarianship at THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD by KATHRYN FLETCHER September 2011 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people for their involvement in this project: Barbara Sen, for her guidance and support. My family, for their encouragement. iii Abstract Background. The campaigns against library cuts formed the background to this dissertation. Library professionals have expressed concern over the helpfulness of some of the media coverage of the campaigns to the public library cause, and the researcher was interested in exploring whether this concern was legitimate. Aims. The aim of this dissertation was to analyse national newspaper coverage of public libraries generated by the campaigns. An initial objective was to determine the extent and scope of coverage of the campaigns over a sample period. The second (and primary) objective was to identify key discourses in the library debate, and to determine the key actors involved in constructing these discourses. A final objective was to consider the implications of the findings of the study for public library services of the future. Methods. Data was collected from a search of national newspapers on the Lexis Library News database. A sample of 68 articles was collected, 55 of which were deemed suitable for in-depth analysis. A mixed methods approach to analysis was taken, with the researcher employing reciprocal content analysis (quantitative) and situational analysis (qualitative). -
Inside Story of the Chaotic Struggle for Afghanistan Ben Anderson
NEWORLD O PUBLICATIONS Spring & Summer 2012 Oneworld Highlights Page 2 Page 6 Page 8 Page 10 Page 12 Page 16 Page 18 Page 24 Page 25 Page 30 Page 31 Page 36 Contents Contents Coming Soon 2 New in Paperback 24 Recently Released 30 Coping With 37 Beginner’s Guides 38 Select Backlist 40 Contacts 46 For more information visit www.oneworld-publications.com 2 Coming Soon This Flawless Place Between Bruno Portier A beautiful, modern-day reimagining of The Tibetan Book of the Dead, one of the world’s most influential and treasured spiritual texts Evoking inspirational classics like The Alchemist, This Flawless Place Between is a transcendent story about the end of life. It is a story of love, of the choices we make and the paths we walk, and how the great divide that we have built between the living and those that have passed is no divide at all. Fiction On an isolated stretch of road in the Tibetan About the Author: • UK: April 2012 mountains, a motorbike skids off the road. Bike and Bruno Portier is a writer, photographer, and • US: May 2012 riders spin over the edge, plunging into a ravine. A • Hardback documentary maker. He Tibetan peasant hurries to help, but while the young • B Format travelled around Asia • 208 pages husband tries in vain to save his wife’s life, the stranger for twelve years before • £10.99/$16.95 focuses on guiding her spirit along the new path it undertaking a PhD in social anthropology and writing • 9781851688500 must take. So begins a cathartic journey that carries this, his first novel. -
Empirical Explorations on the Relative Importance of Weak and Strong Ties on Social Networking Sites
Societies 2014, 4, 785–809; doi:10.3390/soc4040785 OPEN ACCESS societies ISSN 2075-4698 www.mdpi.com/journal/societies Article Let the Weakest Link Go! Empirical Explorations on the Relative Importance of Weak and Strong Ties on Social Networking Sites Nicole C. Krämer *, Leonie Rösner †, Sabrina C. Eimler †, Stephan Winter † and German Neubaum † Social Psychology: Media and Communication, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Forsthausweg 2, Duisburg 47057, Germany; E-Mails: [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (S.C.E.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (G.N.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-203-379-2482. External Editors: Sonja Utz and Nicole Muscanell Received: 30 July 2014; in revised form: 29 August 2014 / Accepted: 2 December 2014 / Published: 18 December 2014 Abstract: Theoretical approaches as well as empirical results in the area of social capital accumulation on social networking sites suggest that weak ties/bridging versus strong ties/bonding social capital should be distinguished and that while bonding social capital is connected to emotional support, bridging social capital entails the provision of information. Additionally, recent studies imply the notion that weak ties/bridging social capital are gaining increasing importance in today’s social media environments. By means of a survey (N = 317) we challenged these presuppositions by assessing the social support functions that are ascribed to three different types of contacts from participants’ network (weak, medium, or strong tie). -
Weakest-Link Control of Invasive Species: Impacts of Memory, Bounded Rationality and Network Structure in Repeated Cooperative Games
Weakest-link control of invasive species: Impacts of memory, bounded rationality and network structure in repeated cooperative games. Adam Kleczkowski 1, 2 , Andrew Bate 3, Michael Redenti 2 and Nick Hanley 4 1 Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom 3 Department of Environment, University of York, York, United Kingdom 4 IBAHCM, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom Corresponding Author: Adam Kleczkowski Dept. Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XH, United Kingdom Email address: [email protected] Keywords: Bioeconomic modelling; cooperation games; repeated games; networks; agriculture; crop protection; disease control; pest control. JEL classification: C69, C72, C91, C92 Abstract The nature of dispersal of many invasive pests and pathogens in agricultural and forestry makes it necessary to consider how the actions of one manager affect neighbouring properties. In addition to the direct effects of a potential spread of a pest and the resulting economic loss, there are also indirect consequences that affect whole regions and that require coordinated actions to manage and/or to eradicate it (like movement restrictions). In this paper we address the emergence and stability of cooperation among agents who respond to a threat of an invasive pest or disease. The model, based on the weakest-link paradigm, uses repeated multi-participant coordination games where players’ pay-offs depend on management decisions to prevent the invasion on their own land as well as of their neighbours on a network. We show that for the basic cooperation game agents select the risk-dominant strategy of a Stag hunt game over the pay-off dominant strategy of implementing control measures. -
Web Version Please Subscribe to the Relative Times For
Volume XVI Number 2 November/December 2004 Inside: Fast Forward, Part 3 Blake’s 7 Spinoffs All I Want for Dalekmas MTL’s 15th Anniversary Celebration And More WEB VERSION PLEASE SUBSCRIBE TO THE RELATIVE TIMES FOR THE FULL VERSION Milwaukee Time The Relative Times Lords Officers Logo Design Published 8 times a year by — Jay Badenhoop, Marti (2004-2005 term) The Milwaukee Time Lords Madsen, Linda Kelly c/o Lloyd Brown President th Contributors (Who to Blame): 2446 N. 69 Street Howard Weintrob . Wauwatosa, WI 53213-1314 Barbara Brown, John Brown, Andy DeGaetano, Debbie Frey, Dean Gustin, Jay Editor: ............. Barbara Brown Harber, Ed Hochman, and Marti Madsen. Vice President Art Editor ............ Marti Madsen Andy DeGaetano . News Editor .......... Mark Hansen And thanks to anyone whose name I may Newsletter Staff: have neglected to include. Treasurer Ellen Brown, Lloyd Brown Julie Fry.................... Secretary Ross Cannizzo............... Sergeant-at-Arms Contents Items in RED not included in web version Dean Gustin................. Meeting Schedule 3 Dalekmas Wishes 14 Chancellory 5 Fast Forward, pt. 3 17 Videos SF Databank 6 Blake’s 7 Spinoffs 24 Dean Gustin................. MTL 15th Anniversary 11 The Gallifrey Ragsheet 26 Fundraising From Beyond the Vortex Position open Newsletter Back to 28 pages again! I can breathe. Our cover is part of a much larger Barbara Brown............... drawing by Jay Harber. He did several versions of the same drawing – this one is of just the background. There are several versions with a rather nude Romana I, which are very good drawings, but which I can’t print in the Events newsletter. -
From the WEAKEST LINK to the STRONGEST LINK
From THE WEAKEST LINK to THE STRONGEST LINK An innovative cultural project in Liverpool's Chinatown has created the antidote to Anne Robinson's controversial games show "The Weakest Link". PRESS & MEDIA RELEASE Embargo: 14th September 2001 A book for our times: publication date Friday 14 September 2001. ‘Games For The New Years - A DIY Guide To Games For The 21st Century’ by Bill Harpe. Programmes such as The Weakest Link and Big Brother rely on elimination by a process of weakness or failure. But a series of games devised by the artists at The Blackie (Connecting artists and communities) reveals games where there are NO losers. And The Blackie has now produced its own DIY Guide To Games For The 21st Century. This step by step guide is both philosophical and practical and illustrates both how to play and invent games, and as project co-director and author Bill Harpe says : "These games will challenge players - but they involve the challenges of co-operation rather than the challenges of competition". These games are no instant invention. They have been explored and created over more than a quarter of a century, and have been played for enjoyment by children and adults as well as used for training and retraining of artists, teachers, social workers, and government officers. The games have promoted conviviality between players of different ages, backgrounds, races, genders, abilities and disabilities. Bill Harpe said: ‘Play and games over many millennia have been experienced as occasions for creativity, co-operation, and friendship. In our times game shows have always been popular features on radio and television, from Take Your Pick and Double Your Money to The Generation Game. -
Saltram House: the Evolution of an Eighteenth-Century Country Estate
University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2020 Saltram House: The Evolution of an Eighteenth-Century Country Estate Norley, Katherine R http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/16730 University of Plymouth All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. Saltram House: The Evolution of an Eighteenth-Century Country Estate By Katherine R Norley A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of RESEARCH MASTERS School of Humanities and Performing Arts December 2020 1 This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. 2 Author’s Declaration At no time during the registration for the degree of Research Masters has the author been registered for any other University award without prior agreement of the Doctoral College Quality Sub-Committee. Work Submitted for this research degree at the University of Plymouth has not formed part of any other degree either at the University of Plymouth or at another establishment. This study was financed with the aid of government funding. -
FROGEE POLICY BRIEF 3 Insights from Georgia
POLICY BRIEF SERIES FROGEE POLICY BRIEF 3 Insights from Georgia March, 2021 Women in politics: why are they under-represented? Pamela Campa, SITE Political empowerment: Georgia’s weakest link towards gender equality progress? Davit Keshelava, ISET Policy Institute Salome Deisadze, ISET Policy Institute Levan Tevdoradze, ISET Policy Institute Abstract Women in politics: why are they under-represented? Page 3-7 Women are generally under-represented in political offices worldwide, and their under-representation becomes larger in more senior positions. In this brief I review some recent academic literature in economics and political science on the likely causes of women’s under-representation. Broadly speaking, the literature has divided such causes into “supply-side” and “demand-side” factors: the former include women’s potentially lower willingness to run for political office, whereas the latter include voters’ and party leaders’ prejudices against women in politics. Understanding the underlying causes of women’s under-representation in political institutions is crucial in order to design the most effective policies to address the existing gender gaps. In concluding I summarize some of the policies that have been proposed or used to empower women in politics and review the evidence on their effectiveness when available. Political empowerment: Georgia’s weakest link towards gender equality progress? Page 7-10 In this brief we review the most recent evidence on women’s representation in Georgian politics, including the data from the 2020 Parliamentary elections. We find that introducing gender quotas in 2020 party lists have resulted in a slight improvement of the share of women in the Parliament. -
P. Demetriades, Minsky 2019
Hyman P Minsky Conference Levy Instutute, Bard College 17 April 2019 Session on Outlook for reform of the euro system Central bank independence Panicos Demetriades and the future of the euro !1 Outlook for reform • Much of the discussion has focussed on gaps in the euro’s architecture • A European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) to complete the banking union - Germany demanding risk reduction (including reducing NPLs) before agreeing to Commission proposals • Disagreements between France and Germany centering around risk sharing vs risk reduction have meant that moves towards more risk sharing have stalled • Franco-German economists proposal aims to break the deadlock by recommending measures to both reduce risk and improve risk sharing • Little discussion on whether the current architecture is working, instead Eurozone is congratulating itself for getting through the crisis with the euro intact !2 The euro has survived the crisis…but at what cost? • Major setbacks to central bank independence (CBI) • Since 2014, four Eurosytem central bank governors have resigned or were removed from office (Cyprus, Slovenia, Latvia, Slovakia) • Others have come under political pressure to resign (e.g. Greece, Portugal) • Appointments of cronies and unqualified sympathisers on central bank boards • Money laundering scandals have embarassed the ECB (Latvia, Estonia, Malta, Cyprus) and have exposed new financial stability risks (e.g. bank run on ABLV) • They have exposed the incompleteness of the first pillar of the banking union - banking supervision - as