Data Mining in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Data Mining in the Pharmaceutical Industry By Jerry Swartz Introduction • Since I am a remote student, if there are questions, feel free to e-mail [email protected] Pharmaceutical Development • Four Stages of Drug Development – Research finds new drugs – Development tests and predicts drug behavior – Clinical trials test the drug in humans – Commercialization takes drug and sells it to likely consumers (doctors and patients) • I’ll show an example for the Research, Development, and Clinical Trials stages Research Stage • Huge user of data mining tools and techniques • Scientists run experiments to determine activity of potential drugs • Uses high speed screening to test tens, hundreds, or thousands of drugs very quickly – this generates microarray data Research Stage • “Bioinformatics” is a general term for the information processing activities on data generated in Research Stage, especially microarray data • General goal is to find activity on relevant genes or to find drug compounds that have desirable characteristics (whatever those may be) Research Stage • Data mining techniques used – Clustering – Classification – Neural networks Research Stage Example 1 • Goal: Determine compounds with similar activity • Why: Compounds with similar activity may behave similarly • When: – Have known compound and are looking for something better – Don’t have known compound but have desired activity and want to find compound that exhibits this activity Research Stage Example 1 • Sample data Structure\Activity Alpha Beta Delta Gamma CO2 0.07 0.88 0.62 0.09 H2O 0.80 0.54 0.32 0.79 H2O2 0.34 0.91 0.44 0.40 Research Stage Example 1 • Cluster compounds that have similar activity • We like behavior of H2O and want to see what compounds have similar activity • Example derived from Application of Nearest-Neighbor and Cluster Analyses in Pharmaceutical Lead Discovery • Clustering takes place based on similar activity using Euclidean “distance.” Research Stage Example 1 • For simplicity, distance in example is simply difference between Beta and Delta values, not Euclidean • Distances: CO2 H2OH2O2 CO2 0.00 0.65 0.16 H2O 0.65 0.00 0.49 H2O2 0.16 0.49 0.00.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Food and Pharma Basics Basics Basics Food & Pharma Food & Pharma
WISSEN - KNOWLEDGE Food and Pharma Basics BASICS BASICS Food & Pharma Food & Pharma Food and Pharma Hygienic Design Cleanability © RECHNER Germany 04/2020 EN - Printed in EU, all rights reserved. 2 RECHNER Industrie-Elektronik GmbH • Gaußstraße 6-10 • D-68623 Lampertheim • Tel. +49 6206 5007-0 • Fax +49 6206 5007-36 • e-mail: [email protected] • www.rechner-sensors.com All specifications are subject to change without notice. (04/2020) BASICS BASICS Food & Pharma Food & Pharma TABLE OF CONTEND Table of Contend Page Motivation 4 - 5 Sources of Information 6 European Standards and Directives 7 - 8 Declaration of Conformity Norms and DirectivesNorms Basics and Examples 9 - 14 Tri-Clamp / Tri-Clover 15 - 22 Tri-Clamp Food Contact Materials Basics and Directives 23 - 25 Materials Plastics 26 Metalls 27 RECHNER Industrie-Elektronik GmbH • Gaußstraße 6-10 • D-68623 Lampertheim • Tel. +49 6206 5007-0 • Fax +49 6206 5007-36 • e-mail: [email protected] • www.rechner-sensors.com 3 All specifications are subject to change without notice.(04/2020) BASICS BASICS Food & Pharma Food & Pharma MOTIVATION SAFE PRODUCts In process technology and plant engineering, the definition of „hygienic design“ refers to the design of machines and plants with consideration of the cleanability of the system. CONSUMER PROTECTION This is always relevant where products are manufactured that can be dangerous for the consumer due to germs or contamination and also where the product can turn out to be unusable, which represents a loss for the manufacturer. OPTIMIZatiON OF THE CLEANING PROCESSES Hygienic design is for example relevant in the following business areas: • Food industry (humans and animals) REDUCTION OF THE • Beverage industry CLEANING AND • Pharmaceutical industry • chemical industry MAINENANCE TIMES • cosmetic industry • Biotechnology Hygienic design must be considered at all parts of the plant that come into direct contact with the product to be produced.
[Show full text]
Industry Pharmacy Practice Certificate Course
Industry Pharmacy Practice Certificate Course Commercialization of Pharmaceuticals: Form A to Z and the Growing Role for Industry Pharmacists Online Course; 8 modules Target Audience: This certificate course is designed to meet the growing demand in preparing student pharmacists, recent graduates, or younger professionals interested in a career in Industry. Course Description While the number of traditional pharmacy practice positions has been stagnant in recent years, the number of pharmacy schools across the U.S. continues to grow. In 2016 alone, it is expected that between 14,000-15,000 additional PharmDs will enter the workforce, which represents more than double the number of graduates produced in 2001.1 This has led some to predict a looming employment crisis for the pharmacy profession.1,2 Meanwhile, the interest in pursuing a non-traditional professional path has expanded, particularly as such opportunities have increased beyond the realm of community and hospital pharmacies.3 One such avenue for a pharmacist is a career in the pharmaceutical industry, where knowledge and awareness is increasing for new pharmacy graduates and established pharmacists. This career route allows pharmacists to utilize their clinical knowledge to impact patient health on a broader scale.3 The pharmaceutical industry including all of the organizations that support it offers exciting and professional challenges and opportunities for pharmacist graduates. Consistent with the changing roles of pharmacists in traditional healthcare practice settings, industry has also undergone significant changes resulting in a growing diversity of positions that are being filled by pharmacists throughout the commercialization process of pharmaceutical products. This course explores various aspects of pharmaceutical commercialization from drug development and regulatory approval to marketing and sales strategies through life-cycle management.
[Show full text]
Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry APRIL | 2021 At a Glance This report examines research and development (R&D) by the pharmaceutical industry. Spending on R&D and Its Results. Spending on R&D and the introduction of new drugs have both increased in the past two decades. • In 2019, the pharmaceutical industry spent $83 billion dollars on R&D. Adjusted for inflation, that amount is about 10 times what the industry spent per year in the 1980s. • Between 2010 and 2019, the number of new drugs approved for sale increased by 60 percent compared with the previous decade, with a peak of 59 new drugs approved in 2018. Factors Influencing R&D Spending. The amount of money that drug companies devote to R&D is determined by the amount of revenue they expect to earn from a new drug, the expected cost of developing that drug, and policies that influence the supply of and demand for drugs. • The expected lifetime global revenues of a new drug depends on the prices that companies expect to charge for the drug in different markets around the world, the volume of sales they anticipate at those prices, and the likelihood the drug-development effort will succeed. • The expected cost to develop a new drug—including capital costs and expenditures on drugs that fail to reach the market—has been estimated to range from less than $1 billion to more than $2 billion. • The federal government influences the amount of private spending on R&D through programs (such as Medicare) that increase the demand for prescription drugs, through policies (such as spending for basic research and regulations on what must be demonstrated in clinical trials) that affect the supply of new drugs, and through policies (such as recommendations for vaccines) that affect both supply and demand.
[Show full text]
Process & Plant Engineering for the Pharmaceutical
PROCESS & PLANT ENGINEERING FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Glatt. Integrated Process Solutions. 2 UNIQUE TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCE The production of pharmaceutical solids would be un- Functional. imaginable if it weren‘t for the pioneering achievements of We do not draw up architecture models. We design a factory, Glatt in the area of fluidized bed technology. But Glatt has starting from the requirements of the production process, much more to offer. In addition to the continuous perfecting from the inside to the outside. of our equipment, we are developing new dosage forms, operating a subcontracting business with all the required High-quality. approvals and cultivating close international contacts in the Our project solutions fulfill the same high requirements pharmaceutical research industry and with scientific insti- that we also apply to the development and manufacturing tutes. At the same time, we have many years of experience in of pharmaceutical dosage forms and of our technological the planning, design and construction of industrial facilities. equipment. And not just in the field of solid materials. Independent. We bundle our expertise together in our unique, integrat- As a neutral planner in the compilation of the process design ed service concept: sustainable process and plant engi- and the selection of equipment, we are under no obligation neering, adapted to your specific technological require- to any individual manufacturer. ments. We support you from the initial idea to turn-key production with our comprehensive advice and reliable Reliable. project management. Our sureties for a verifiable project success include ad- Worldwide! herence to scheduling and budgets, efficient project management and planning tools that transcend the limits of individual building trades.
[Show full text]
How the American Pharmaceutical Industry Transformed Itself During the 1940S
Making the Market: How the American pharmaceutical industry transformed itself during the 1940s. Abstract: Between 1940 and 1950 the American pharmaceutical industry transformed itself from a collection of several hundred, small, barely profitable firms to a small group of large, highly profitable firms. The object of this paper is to use this case to understand how an industry evolves and, more specifically, to determine how a single industry comes to be dominated by a few large firms. This is in the tradition of recent studies that have examined the role of political, organizational, and social variables in the evolution of American industry(Dobbin 1994; Fligstein 2001; Perrow 2002). The intent here is to analyze different predictors of success following a population-level change, in a new case, one where firm success was previously considered the product of economic efficiency (Temin 1979; Temin 1980). To answer my specific question I employ a random-effect regression analysis on longitudinal data collected on the population of public firms between 1935-1955. I find that while the previous economic explanations may explain subsequent successes, they do not explain the initial change in the industry. Instead, the transformation of the industry into an oligopoly was largely the unintentional result of direct intervention by the US government. Introduction In 1940 the American pharmaceutical industry was composed of several hundred small companies, each limited to a particular geographic region and, the largest of which accounted for less than 3% of the total market. Few of these companies were profitable, fewer offered products of genuine therapeutic value and even fewer would still be in business in twenty years.
[Show full text]
Can We Keep Meatpacking Companies Accountable for Hiring Undocumented Immigrants?
Emory Corporate Governance and Accountability Review Volume 3 Issue 3 2016 Can We Keep Meatpacking Companies Accountable for Hiring Undocumented Immigrants? Sapna Jain Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/ecgar Recommended Citation Sapna Jain, Can We Keep Meatpacking Companies Accountable for Hiring Undocumented Immigrants?, 3 Emory Corp. Governance & Accountability Rev. 157 (2016). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/ecgar/vol3/iss3/4 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory Corporate Governance and Accountability Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JAIN ESSAY GALLEYSFINAL 4/20/2016 10:58 AM CAN WE KEEP MEATPACKING COMPANIES ACCOUNTABLE FOR HIRING UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS? OVERVIEW Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and its exposé of the meatpacking industry was, for many Americans, the first encounter with the unsanitary and unhealthy conditions of the meatpacking industry.1 Sinclair’s book led to the implementation of food quality standards, an increase in monitoring of food production, and the strengthening of workers’ unions which resulted in better working conditions for meatpacking industry workers.2 Over time, as government subsidies of farms, slaughterhouses, and the meat-producing industry became increasingly common, the demographics of the workers also changed.3 In the early twentieth
[Show full text]
BIG DATA in Pharmaceutical Industry
W H I T E P A P E R BIG DATA in Pharmaceutical Industry www.DDiSmart.com WHITE BIG DATA in Pharmaceutical Industry PAPER The BIG DATA revolution Over past few years there has been a buzz around the word called “BIG DATA”. We will see this term being used were ever companies are finding huge amount of data coming from various data sources. The revolution in social media in past decade has added more interest to this term. With new and varied sources of data available, companies are looking to integrate all sources into a big pool of data. But such datasets are also difficult to manage and are complex in nature. As such over the past few years many data management tools have emerged to handle these kinds of data and traditional approach like RDBMS no longer holds good in these changing environment. Analyzing real world data could become a cornerstone of valuebased pricing The V’s in Big Data: methods According to Gartner, "Big data is high volume, high velocity, and/or high variety information”. If these data is handled properly with greater processing techniques, it has the potential to create value for an Organization. Velocity The forms of data which are constantly coming to the system and is in most of the cases real time are grouped under this name. This data serves the purpose of knowing what is happing now in the real world and can help in making effective decision. Take for example medical Devices and sensors are generating data constantly and in real time, which if not tracked on time may become useless.
[Show full text]
The Pharmaceutical Industry and Global Health: Facts and Figures
THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND GLOBAL HEALTH: FACTS AND FIGURES Issue 2011 Foreword 3 Dear Reader, This compendium of facts and figures relating to the pharmaceutical industry and global health aims to provide a snapshot of the work this vibrant industry undertakes today. This publication examines some of the most recent data on pharmaceutical innovation and global health, access to medicines and healthcare systems, as well as the economic footprint of the pharmaceutical industry. The information presented here confirms the ranking of the re- search-based pharmaceutical industry as one of the most innovative sectors in the world, which over the past century has played a unique role in develop- ing new and improved medicines and vaccines to prevent and treat diseases and conditions. This is a unique industry. IFPMA members employ millions of people who are proud to participate in this crucial endeavor. They save millions of lives and help those suffering from disease to recover and lead more productive ones. IFPMA brings this publication to underline the ongoing commitment of the research-based pharmaceutical industry to improving the quality of life for all of the world’s people, not only through healthcare but also through economic progress. We hope that sharing some of the most recent and relevant facts and figures relating to our work can add value for evidence-based policymaking in the global health arena. Eduardo Pisani Director General International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) TABLE OF CONTENTS KEY FACTS 6 1. PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH 11 A look into the pharmaceutical industry R&D pipeline 12 Pharmaceutical industry R&D investments 15 Pharmaceutical R&D and its impact on global health 16 R&D for diseases that disproportionately affect the developing world 19 2.
[Show full text]
Applications of Data Mining in Health and Pharmaceutical Industry Sandhya Joshi, Hanumanthachar Joshi
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 4, April-2013 915 ISSN 2229-5518 Applications of data mining in health and pharmaceutical industry Sandhya Joshi, Hanumanthachar Joshi Abstract— The Data mining is gradually becoming an integral and essential part of health and pharmaceutical industry. Data mining techniques are being regularly used to assess efficacy of treatment, management of ailments, and also in various stages of drug discovery and process re- search. Off late, data mining has become a boon in health insurance sector to minimize frauds and abuse. A good number of health care compa- nies, medical hospitals and pharmaceutical manufacturing units are employing the data mining tools due their excellent efficiency. The identifica- tion and quantification of pharmaceutical information can be extremely useful for patients, physicians, pharmacists, health organizations, insur- ance companies, regulatory agencies, investors, lawyers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, drug testing companies. This review deals with the ma- jor applications of data mining techniques in health care and pharmaceutical industries with relevant examples. Index Terms—. Data mining, health care, pharmaceutical industry, classification, insurance, drug, Alzheimer’s —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION ata mining is a fast evolving technology, is being adopt- Recently, there have been reports of successful data mining Ded in biomedical sciences and research. Modern medicine applications in healthcare fraud and abuse detection. Another generates a great deal of information stored in the medical factor is that the huge amounts of data generated by database. For example, medical data may contain MRIs, sig- healthcare transactions are too complex and voluminous to be nals like ECG, clinical information like blood sugar, blood processed and analyzed by traditional methods.
[Show full text]
Animal Drug Development and Consumer Protection: an Historical Review
Animal Drug Development and Consumer Protection: An Historical Review Samuel F. Scheidy, V.M.D. Bryn Mawr, PA Editor's Note: This paper was presented as the keynote address during the FDA/AHI Diamond Jubilee Celebration June 15, 1981, Arlington, Virginia. 1 am flattered to be invited to participate in this, the procedures provide foodstuffs, especially those of animal jubilee celebration of the federal agency that is concerned origin (i.e., fresh frozen and processed meat; milk, cheese chiefly with the safety of food and drugs so essential for and other dairy products; poultry meat and human life. However, I have a dilemma. It reminds me of eggs: manufactured foods that include the above) to the the story told of the late Supreme Court Justice, Oliver consumer in excellent condition and in shorter periods of Wendell Holmes, who once found himself on a train, but time from production to market than in most countries. could not locate his ticket. While the conductor watched, This has not always been the case. As an example, in 1900 smiling, the 88-year-old justice searched through all his one farmer produced enough food for 7 people, in 1950 for pockets without finding the ticket. The conductor, of 16 people and in 1980 for 60 people. course, recognized the distinguished passenger. So he A recent report from the National Academy of said: Mr. Holmes, don't worry. You don't need your ticket Agriculture indicates that 25% of our work force generates at this time. You will undoubtedly find it when you get off some 20% of the U.S.
[Show full text]
Nfg Sponsorship of Events FINAL 20180611
IFPMA Note for Guidance on Sponsorship of Events and Meetings Preamble The purpose of this document is to provide additional interpretation and further guidance towards the relevant provisions of the Code of Practice. This Note for Guidance is not binding by itself. It must be read with the spirit of the Code in mind and always in accordance with applicable laws and regulations and other applicable industry codes. IFPMA member companies and member associations are encouraged to take into account the considerations given in this Note for Guidance when implementing the IFPMA Code of Practice in their daily practice. The overall intention of this Note for Guidance is that the cooperation between companies, HCPs and other stakeholders is always based on high ethical standards and clearly aims to benefit patients. Introduction Advancing medical knowledge and improving global public health remains a priority for the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA) representing the research-based pharmaceutical industry. Collaborations between healthcare professionals and the pharmaceutical industry are essential and ensure that patients have access to the medicines they need and that healthcare professionals have up-to-date comprehensive information about the diseases they treat and the medicines they prescribe. IFPMA members remain committed to activities that provide scientific and educational content to healthcare professionals and advance their medical knowledge and expertise. These activities may take place through various means and media. The IFPMA Code of Practice sets global standards for industry business practices and includes guiding principles of ethical conduct and promotion as well as requirements for the promotion of medicines to health professionals and interactions with healthcare professionals and other stakeholders.
[Show full text]
Extension Economics Report
Extension Economics Report EER 211 JANUARY 2003 Analysis of the Meat Processing Industry in the United States Wilder N. Ferreira Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina, 29634 The Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin or handicap and is an equal opportunity employer. Clemson University cooperating with United States Department of Agriculture, Extension Service, Dan B. Smith, Director, Clemson, S.C., issued in Furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics. Acts of May 8 and June 1914. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract…………………………………………………………. 02 2. Industry Overview……………………………………………... 03 3. Factors That Influence Demand and Growth Prospects…….. 14 4. Factors That Influence Cost Structures………………...…….. 20 5. Trends, Threats and Opportunities…………………………… 25 6. Bibliography……………………….…………………………… 27 1 ANALYSIS OF MEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES 1. Abstract This study, which analyzes major aspects of the meat processing segment within the United States, was divided into four major topics: the first deals with a number of issues relating to the industry environment; the second presents some factors that create and influence industry demand and growth prospects within the industry; the third tries to explain the main factors that create and influence cost structure in the industry as they relate to the industry task environment; and the last elucidates major industry trends, threats and opportunities that have a great impact in all firms within the meat processing industry. The current industry scenario includes a great deal of progress in terms of vertical integration, advances in information technology, distribution systems, automatic slaughterlines, animal tracking systems, meat grading systems, packaging technology, and boxed-meat cutting technology by meat processors.
[Show full text]