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Haymarket Riot (Chicago: Alexander J
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 HAYMARKET MARTYRS1 MONUMENT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service______________________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Haymarket Martyrs' Monument Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 863 South Des Plaines Avenue Not for publication: City/Town: Forest Park Vicinity: State: IL County: Cook Code: 031 Zip Code: 60130 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): Public-Local: _ District: Public-State: _ Site: Public-Federal: Structure: Object: Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing ___ buildings ___ sites ___ structures 1 ___ objects 1 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register:_Q_ Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: Designated a NATIONAL HISTrjPT LANDMARK on by the Secreury 01 j^ tai-M NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 HAYMARKET MARTYRS' MONUMENT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National_P_ark Service___________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria. -
Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects Summer 2016 Between Third Reich and American Way: Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939 Christian Wilbers College of William and Mary - Arts & Sciences, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wilbers, Christian, "Between Third Reich and American Way: Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1499449834. http://doi.org/10.21220/S2JD4P This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Between Third Reich and American Way: Transatlantic Migration and the Politics of Belonging, 1919-1939 Christian Arne Wilbers Leer, Germany M.A. University of Münster, Germany, 2006 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy American Studies Program The College of William and Mary August 2016 © Copyright by Christian A. Wilbers 2016 ABSTRACT Historians consider the years between World War I and World War II to be a period of decline for German America. This dissertation complicates that argument by applying a transnational framework to the history of German immigration to the United States, particularly the period between 1919 and 1939. The author argues that contrary to previous accounts of that period, German migrants continued to be invested in the homeland through a variety of public and private relationships that changed the ways in which they thought about themselves as Germans and Americans. -
Colouring-Book-Vol-2-Final-GHC.Pdf
Colouring outside the Lines Colouring is cool again! These days, many stores carry a vast array of colouring and activity books on a variety of topics, from popular TV shows to cute cats and exotic plants. There is even an adult colouring book “For Dummies,” promising to guide people through the basics of colouring in case they need a refresher. Most of these books market colouring as a fun, creative, and mindless distraction, and there is something soothing about getting lost in adding colour to an intricate illustration. Colouring can help us relax and reduce stress and can also serve as a form of meditation. Moreover, colouring taps into our nostalgia for childhood, a time when life was simpler and we had less responsibility. In short, most adult colouring books sell us on the fact that life is busy and difficult, but colouring is simple and fun! The Little Red Colouring Book has a different objective. Our art aims to fan the flames of discontent rather than snuff them out. Taking inspiration from the Industrial Workers of the World’s Little Red Song Book, The Little Red Colouring Book offers a mindful activity to inspire people to learn more about historical labour activists and revolutionaries that fought for the rights and freedoms many of us take for granted today. Volume 2 focuses on the Haymarket Martyrs. Many people are not aware that May Day, International Workers’ Day, or May 1, commemorates the 1886 Haymarket affair. The event involved eight anarchists in Chicago who were wrongly convicted of throwing a bomb at police during a labour demonstration in support of workers striking for the eight-hour day. -
Civil Disobedience in Chicago: Revisiting the Haymarket Riot Samantha Wilson College of Dupage
ESSAI Volume 14 Article 40 Spring 2016 Civil Disobedience in Chicago: Revisiting the Haymarket Riot Samantha Wilson College of DuPage Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai Recommended Citation Wilson, Samantha (2016) "Civil Disobedience in Chicago: Revisiting the Haymarket Riot," ESSAI: Vol. 14 , Article 40. Available at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai/vol14/iss1/40 This Selection is brought to you for free and open access by the College Publications at DigitalCommons@COD. It has been accepted for inclusion in ESSAI by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@COD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wilson: Civil Disobedience in Chicago Civil Disobedience in Chicago: Revisiting the Haymarket Riot by Samantha Wilson (English 1102) he city of Chicago, Illinois, is no stranger to political uprisings, riots, protests, and violence. However, there has never been a movement that the police and Chicago elite desired to squash Tquickly quite like the anarchist uprising during the 1880s. In the period of time after the Chicago Fire, the population of the city tripled, exceeding one million people (Smith 101). While business was booming for men like George Pullman, the railcar tycoon, and Louis Sullivan, the architect, the Fire left over 100,000 people homeless, mostly German and Scandinavian immigrant laborers who were also subjected to low wages and poor working conditions. In winter of 1872, the Bread Riot began due to thousands marching on the Chicago Relief and Aid Society for access to money donated by people of the United States and other countries after the Fire. Instead of being acknowledged, police filed them into a tunnel under the Chicago River and beat them with clubs (Adelman 4-5). -
Labor's Martyrs: Haymarket 1887, Sacco and Vanzetti 1927
University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1937 Labor's martyrs: Haymarket 1887, Sacco and Vanzetti 1927 Vito Marcantonio Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Marcantonio, Vito, "Labor's martyrs: Haymarket 1887, Sacco and Vanzetti 1927" (1937). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 8. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/8 PUBLISHED BY WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS, INC. P. O. BOX 148, STATION D, NEW YORK OCTOBF.R, ) 937 PaINTm IN U.S.A. INTRODUCTION BY WILLIAM Z. FOSTER N November 11, 1937, it is just fifty years since Albert R. O Parsons, August Spies, Adolph Fischer, George Engel and Louis Lingg, leaders of the great eight-hour day national strike of 1886, were executed in Chicago on the framed-up charge of having organized the Haymarket bomb explosion that caused the death of a number of policemen. These early martyrs to labor's cause were legally lynched because of their loyal and intelligent strug gle for and with the working class. Their murder was encom passed by the same capitalist forces which, in our day, we have seen sacrifice Tom Mooney, Sacco and Vanzetti, the Scottsboro boys, McNamara, and a host of other champions of the oppressed. Parsons and his comrades were revolutionary trade unionists, they were Anarcho-Syndicalists rather than Anarchists. -
The Enduring Remembrance of the Haymarket Martyrs Around the World
CONTEMPORARY AFFAIRS The Globalization of a Memory: The Enduring Remembrance of the Haymarket Martyrs around the World James Green In the winter of 1941 Lucy Parsons, aged ninety-one, braved the cold winds and spoke to strikers on Blue Island Avenue, still known as the Black Road, where a union affi liated with the new Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was campaigning for votes at the old McCormick Works — where all the trouble started in 1886, all the trouble that led to the tragedy in the Haymarket. When the weather warmed up that spring, Parsons reappeared at a May Day parade riding through the South Side as an honored guest sitting atop a fl oat sponsored by the CIO’s Farm Equipment Workers’ Union. It would prove to be her last May Day.1 On March 7, 1942, the stove in Parsons’s little house caused a fi re. Handi- capped by her blindness, she could not escape. She died of smoke inhalation. Her ashes were placed at Waldheim Cemetery, close to the remains of her beloved hus- band, Albert Parsons, and her daughter, Lulu. Lucy Parsons’s funeral was attended by many of the young radicals who carried on the union fi ght that began with the Great Upheaval in April and May of 1886 when tens of thousands of workers launched a general strike for the eight hour day of her youth.2 Parsons’s fi nal May Day in 1941 was also the last one celebrated in Chicago for a long time. During the Cold War years that followed, the Chicago idea of militant unions taking mass action against capital and the state — the idea Albert Parsons and This article includes material from the author’s forthcoming book, Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement, and the Bombing That Divided Gilded Age America, which is scheduled for publication by Random House in March 2006. -
The American Counter-Monumental Tradition
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2011 The American counter-monumental tradition: renegotiating memory and the evolution of American sacred space Ryan Erik McGeough Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation McGeough, Ryan Erik, "The American counter-monumental tradition: renegotiating memory and the evolution of American sacred space" (2011). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2556. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2556 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. THE AMERICAN COUNTER-MONUMENTAL TRADITION: RENEGOTIATING MEMORY AND THE EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN SACRED SPACE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Communication Studies By Ryan McGeough B.A. University of Northern Iowa, 2005 M.A. University of Northern Iowa, 2007 December 2011 Acknowledgements This dissertation is in many ways a collaborative work, with many of the ideas contained in it resulting from conversations with a variety of generous and intelligent people who have been willing to entertain my ideas and offer their own suggestions and insights. I am deeply indebted to so many of you who have made this project possible: First and foremost, Dr. -
Haymarket Widows
Haymarket Widows Carolyn Ashbaugh 1986 The Haymarket trial and its aftermath brought tragedy and grief into the lives of womenwhose husbands, brothers, sons and comrades were imprisoned and executed. These family members and friends of the men who stood trial for a murder which none of them committed suffered immeasurable loss. Although the personal tribulations of many of these women have not been recorded, it is clear that they all suffered the emotional loss of a partner, close relative or friend, as well as the financial loss of that person’s income. The workers’ movement helped support the widows and children of the Haymarket martyrs through the Pioneer Aid and Support Association, founded on December 15, 1887. The widows received $8 a week plus $2 each for the first two children and $1 for a third. Anarchists and sympathizers from all over the world contributed to this fund; a single rally in Havana, Cuba, raised nearly $1000 for the purpose. The Association also collected funds to erect the Haymarket Martyrs Monument at Waldheirn (Forest Home) Cemetery. But for the martyrs’ female family members-Lucy Parsons, Nina van Zandt Spies, Christine Spies, Gretchen Spies, Maria Schwab, Johanna Fischer, Elise Friedel, Mrs. Engel, Mary Engel and Mrs. Fielden-life would never be the same. Meta Neebe, wife of defendant Oscar Neebe, died during the ordeal. At her death in March 1887 she was only in her mid-thirties, and many-including her doctor-attributed her death to the stress and anxiety caused by her husband’s incarceration and trial. The Chicago Tribune for March 13, 1887 reported that her funeral “called out more sympathy and excited more interest than any event that has occurred in the neighborhood since it was reclaimed from the prairie,” and added that it was, indeed, “in some respects, the most notable funeral demonstration Chicago has ever seen.” Mrs. -
Haymarket Chronology
Haymarket Chronology June 2010 for the Regina Polk Conference General strike for 8-hour work day In the winter and spring of 1886, the enthusiasm for the 8-hour work day had infected the skilled and unskilled laborers in Chicago. The national strike was to begin on May 1. The strike was held on the anniversary of when the nation’s first 8-hour work day law became effective upon then Illinois Governor Richard J. Oglesby’s signature on May 2nd, 1867. But the governor did not have the strength to stand up to business, so the law was never enforced. Chronology May 1, 1886 -- Coordinated strikes and demonstrations are held nationwide, to demand an eight-hour workday for indus- trial workers. May 3, 1886 -- McCormick Reaper Works factory strike; un- armed strikers, police clash; several strikers are killed. (plant on right) August Spies, a leader of the anarchists was so disgusted with the shooting of the strikers that he called a mass meet- ing for the next day. Evening of May 4, 1886 -- A meeting of workingmen is held near Haymarket Square; police arrive to disperse the peaceful assembly; a bomb is thrown into the ranks of the police; the police open fire; workingmen evi- dently return fire; police and an unknown number of workingmen killed; the bomb thrower is unidentified. May 5- 6, 1886 -- Widespread public outrage and shock in Chicago and nationwide; police arrest anarchist and labor activists, including seven of the eight eventual defendants (Al- bert Parsons fled the city only to surrender himself on June 21.[on right). -
A Brief History of May
A Brief History of the Haymarket Massacre and the Origins of May Day as International Workers’ Day Originally a pagan holiday welcoming summer, the roots of the modern May Day holiday are in the fight for the eight-hour working day in Chicago in 1886 and the subsequent execution of innocent anarchist workers. On May 1, 1886, hundreds of thousands workers in 13,000 businesses across the United States walked off their jobs to demand an 8-hour workday in the first May Day celebration in history. In Chicago, 40,000 went out on strike. The numbers soon swelled to over 300,000. Parades, bands and tens of thousands of demonstrators in the streets exemplified the workers' strength and unity. On May 3, however, violence broke out between police and strikers and at least two strikers were killed and an unknown number were wounded. In response, a public meeting was called by some of the anarchists for the following day in Haymarket Square to discuss the police brutality. As the rally wound down, the police began to disperse the already thinning crowd, when a bomb was thrown into their ranks. Enraged, the police fired into the crowd killing seven or eight civilians and wounding up to forty. Eight anarchists and well-known labor organizers - Albert Parsons, August Spies, Samuel Fielden, Oscar Neebe, Michael Schwab, George Engel, Adolph Fischer and Louis Lingg - were arrested and convicted of murder. The entire world watched as they were convicted, not for their actions, of which all of were innocent, but for their political and social beliefs. -
May Day 2021 Flyer
printer in the shop of the Chicago Tribune and a labor organizer after the early days of the frontier, became deep with exaltation: “I am also an internationalist. My patriotism covers more than the boundary lines of a single state; the world is my country, and all mankind my countrymen.” Parsons was speaking against a force, a conspiracy that was determined to throttle him, and he knew it. But why was the state determined to see him dead? The 8-Hour Day The demand for an 8-hour workday was May Day sweeping over America at that time as workers demanded relief from the 12-, 14-, or even 16- Made in the U.S.A. hour days that were the norm. On May 1, 1886, by Milton Howard | PeoplesWorld.org hundreds of thousands of workers launched a general strike—the first in the history of the United CHICAGO—On the morning of Oct. 6, 1886, States—which saw demonstrations in all the big Albert Parsons, native of Alabama, whose brother cities greater than anything America had ever seen. was a general in the Civil War, rose in a Chicago But it was in Chicago where the movement courtroom to make the last speech of his life. reached its height. There, a small core of class- He was facing his doom as one of the convicted conscious organizers and agitators helped rouse a co-called “anarchists,” one of the “detested aliens” militant spirit not previously seen. 70,000 workers who had been seized in the police frame-up shut down the plants of that roaring city. -
Act I the Evolution of Radical Thought and Action During the 1870S and 1880S Was an International Development, and Chicago Was One of Its Capitals
Act I The evolution of radical thought and action during the 1870s and 1880s was an international development, and Chicago was one of its capitals. The small but vocal group of leaders of this movement convened on several occasions in Europe and America through the early 1880s. August Spies and Albert Parsons were, of course, major figures in the Chicago Social Revolutionary Congress, which drew twenty-one delegates from fourteen American cities in October 1881. Spies served as secretary, a responsibility he assumed again at the much larger and more important congress two years later in Pittsburgh. He and Parsons helped produce the "Pittsburgh Manifesto," the statement of principles that they hoped would help galvanize their cause. The first of its six resolutions called for the "Destruction of the existing class rule, by all means, i.e., by energetic, relentless, revolutionary and international action." Three years later the prosecution offered this document in the Haymarket trial as People's Exhibit 19. Radicalism in Chicago The transcripts of the Haymarket trial jury selection and testimony reveal that many middle-class and native-born Chicagoans took pride in the fact that they could not define different schools of leftist thought, except to say that these groups were all opposed to "American" beliefs. But radicals of different stripes—socialists, communists, and anarchists—debated with each other at length about broad and fine points of doctrine. They agreed on the principle that capitalism and the wage system exploited the worker, and that the ownership of the means of production had to be taken out of private hands and returned to "the people." Anarchists like Spies and Parsons rejected the idea that even a socialist or communist government should be given economic and political control of society, since any kind of hierarchical authority was inherently oppressive.