Inquiry Into Nature in Our City
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INQUIRY INTO NATURE IN OUR CITY S TANDING C OMMITTEE ON E NVIRONMENT AND T RANSPORT AND C ITY S ERVICES F EBRUARY 2020 REPORT 10 I NQUIRY INTO N ATURE IN O UR C ITY THE COMMITTEE COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP CURRENT MEMBERS Ms Tara Cheyne MLA Chair (from 23 August 2019) Miss Candice Burch MLA Member (from 15 Feb 2018) and Deputy Chair (from 28 Feb 2018) Mr James Milligan MLA Member (from 20 September 2018) PREVIOUS MEMBERS Mr Steve Doszpot MLA Deputy Chair (until 25 November 2017) Mr Mark Parton MLA Member (until 15 February 2018) Ms Tara Cheyne MLA Member (until 20 September 2018) Ms Nicole Lawder MLA Member (15 February 2018 to 20 September 2018) Ms Suzanne Orr MLA Chair (until 23 August 2019) SECRETARIAT Danton Leary Committee Secretary (from June 2019) Annemieke Jongsma Committee Secretary (April 2019 to June 2019) Brianna McGill Committee Secretary (May 2018 to April 2019) Frieda Scott Senior Research Officer Alice Houghton Senior Research Officer Lydia Chung Administration Michelle Atkins Administration CONTACT INFORMATION Telephone 02 6205 0124 Facsimile 02 6205 0432 Post GPO Box 1020, CANBERRA ACT 2601 Email [email protected] Website www.parliament.act.gov.au i S TANDING C OMMITTEE ON E NVIRONMENT AND T RANSPORT AND C ITY S ERVICES RESOLUTION OF APPOINTMENT The Legislative Assembly for the ACT (the Assembly) agreed by resolution on 13 December 2016 to establish legislative and general purpose standing committees to inquire into and report on matters referred to them by the Assembly or matters that are considered by the committees to be of concern to the community, including: A Standing Committee on Environment and Transport and City Services to examine matters related to city and transport services, public infrastructure, heritage, and sport and recreation and matters related to all aspects of climate change policy and programs, water and energy policy and programs, provision of water and energy services, conservation, environment and ecological sustainability.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE The Terms of Reference for this inquiry were adopted by the Committee on 6 December 2017 and announced in the Assembly on 22 February 2018. The Standing Committee has resolved to conduct the following inquiry – Noting the importance of the natural environment to Canberra, including the level of public support for nature and the natural environment, the growing importance of urban open spaces and bushland reserves and the benefits they bring to Canberra and opportunities for development of Blue – through water – and Green – through natural form – infrastructure in Canberra resolved to inquire into and report on the matters affecting the value of the natural environment to an urbanising Canberra, including: 1. The level of public support for and satisfaction with amount and quality nature and natural environment areas in Canberra, particularly in urban areas. 2. The types of nature and natural environmental areas within Canberra e.g. urban open spaces or bushland reserves and the existing or potential benefits and challenges they bring to Canberra’s: . Social amenity; . Economic development; . Biodiversity; and/or . Climate resilience. 1 Legislative Assembly for the ACT, Minutes of Proceedings No. 2, 13 December 2016, p. 13, accessible at: https://www.parliament.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1017980/MoP002F1.pdf. ii I NQUIRY INTO N ATURE IN O UR C ITY 3. Opportunities for Blue (water) and or Green (natural) Infrastructure in Canberra including; . Functional requirements of proposed infrastructure; . Cost and Maintenance considerations; . Amenity benefits; and . Conservation and biodiversity benefits. 4. Managing the interface between the natural environment and urban areas particularly in regards to conserved environmental areas. 5. Current policy or regulatory settings that impede the integration of the natural environment within optimal urban development and design. 6. Any other relevant matter. iii S TANDING C OMMITTEE ON E NVIRONMENT AND T RANSPORT AND C ITY S ERVICES ACRONYMS ACTAAEE ACT Chapter Australian Association for Environmental Education ACTEA ACT Equestrian Association AILA ACT Australian Institute of Landscape Architects ACT BMNR Black Mountain Nature Reserve CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CURF Canberra Urban and Regional Futures DRA Deakin Residents Association EPSDD Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate FOG Friends of Grassland GCG Ginninderra Catchment Group NAC National Arboretum Canberra NCA National Capital Authority NCDC National Capital Development Commission NCOSS National Capital Open Space System NPA ACT National Parks Association of the ACT NRM Natural Resource Management SACTCG Southern ACT Catchment Group TCCS Transport Canberra and City Services (Directorate) UHI Urban Heat Island (Effect) WSUD Water Sensitive Urban Design iv I NQUIRY INTO N ATURE IN O UR C ITY TABLE OF CONTENTS T HE C OMMITTEE .................................................................. I Committee Membership .............................................................................................................................. i Secretariat ................................................................................................................................................... i Contact Information .................................................................................................................................... i Resolution of appointment ......................................................................................................................... ii Terms of reference ..................................................................................................................................... ii A CRONYMS ...................................................................... IV R ECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................IX F INDINGS ....................................................................... XVI 1 I NTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Conduct of the inquiry ................................................................................................................................ 2 Structure of the report ................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... 4 2 T HE ACT AND L ANDSCAPE .................................................... 5 Natural setting ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Early history ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Selection as the site for the national capital ............................................................................................... 6 Canberra as a planned city .......................................................................................................................... 7 Early construction of the city ...................................................................................................................... 8 Canberra’s growth since Self-Government .................................................................................................. 9 Views from Contributors to the Inquiry .................................................................................................... 11 3 C ITY IN A L ANDSCAPE S TRATEGY ............................................ 15 Canberra as a City in the Landscape .......................................................................................................... 15 The Traditional Custodians of the land ..................................................................................................... 17 The urban and non-urban landscapes and their interface ......................................................................... 20 Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Recreation spaces ..................................................................................................................................... 29 The urban tree canopy .............................................................................................................................. 35 Connectivity of natural spaces .................................................................................................................. 39 Urban waterways ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Green systems .......................................................................................................................................... 45 v S TANDING C OMMITTEE ON E NVIRONMENT AND T RANSPORT AND C ITY S ERVICES 4 I MPLEMENTING THE C ITY IN A L ANDSCAPE S TRATEGY ...................... 47 Planning considerations ...........................................................................................................................