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Ethnobotanical Investigation of Some Orchids Used by Five Communities of Cox's Bazar and Chittagong Hill Tracts Districts of B

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Ethnobotanical Investigation of Some Orchids Used by Five Communities of Cox's Bazar and Chittagong Hill Tracts Districts of B Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2017; 5(3): 265-268 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 Ethnobotanical investigation of some orchids used NAAS Rating 2017: 3.53 JMPS 2017; 5(3): 265-268 by five communities of Cox’s Bazar and © 2017 JMPS Received: 11-03-2017 Chittagong hill tracts districts of Bangladesh Accepted: 12-04-2017 M Akhter Department of Botany, M Akhter, MM Hoque, M Rahman and MK Huda University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh Abstract The present study deals with an ethnobotanical investigation of the utilization of orchids as medicine by MM Hoque the ethnic communities (Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya, Rakhain and Bengali) of Cox’s Bazar and Department of Botany, Chittagong Hill Tracts Districts of Bangladesh. The information has been documented by interviewing University of Chittagong, the traditional healers and various elderly people from five communities following different Chittagong, Bangladesh. ethnobotanical methods. The documented information compiled a total of nine orchid species which have M Rahman been used individually or in combination with different plant parts of other species to treat 42 diseases. Department of Botany, The most frequent diseases found to treat in the current investigation are rheumatism, inflammation, University of Chittagong, fever, paralysis, earache and epilepsy. The species have been presented along with their scientific and Chittagong, Bangladesh local names, family, short description and their ethnomedicinal uses. The herbal medicines have been found to be prepared in various ways like- juice, decoction, paste, pill and sometimes the plant parts MK Huda directly used as raw element. From the documented information it is revealed that the most frequently Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, used part of orchid is leaf. Chittagong, Bangladesh Keywords: Ethnobotanical method, ethnic communities, ethnomedicinal use. 1. Introduction Man’s dependence on the plant kingdom seems parallel to our evolutionary history. Our basic, domestic, cultural and health needs have all been catered for by plants, and through the ages our dependence has hardly decreased. Orchid is one of the naturally growing common plants [1] in Bangladesh. About 178 orchid species grow in Bangladesh of which 26 orchid species (epiphytic and terrestrial) were recorded as ethnobotanically important. 30 types of diseases are considered to be treated with orchid based medicine by different ethnic people [2]. The medicinal value of plants realized by early civilizations and the traditional use of plants as medicine is still in practice today [3]. Some of the earliest indications of mankind’s dependence [4, 5] on medicinal plants and their applications are documented in ancient pharmacopoeias . UNESCO [6] and WHO [7] reported widespread usage of medicinal plants within the practice of traditional medicine in developing countries. Historically, plants were the only source of medication and they continue to demonstrate their therapeutic usefulness by being a part of, possibly the only primary health care system in certain regions [8]. Orchids are the largest and most diverse group among the angiosperms. They are cultivated for beautiful flowers. They are widely known for their economic importance but less for their medicinal value. Recently there has been tremendous progress in medicinal plants research, however orchids have not been explored fully for their medicinal application. Phytochemically some orchids have been reported to contain alkaloids, teiterpinoids, flavonoids and stilbenoids [9]. Traditional Chinese medicine widely utilizes orchids in medicines. Some orchid species like Dendrobium crumenatum, Eulophia campestris, Orchis latifolia, Vanda roxburghii and Vanda tessellata are recognised for their medicinal value. Hence the present study is undertaken to explore the ethnomedecinal uses of orchids by the tribal communitys of different parts of south east Bangladesh. Correspondence 2. Materials and Methods M Akhter Collection of plant materials Department of Botany, Ethnobotany is the study of the interaction between plants and people, with a particular University of Chittagong, emphasis on traditional tribal cultures. Chittagong, Bangladesh ~ 265 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies Ethnobotanical field work is an art and skill practiced and Data collection by using appropriate methodology or conceived by the practitioners and researchers. The success of technique is an essential part of any research. There are ethnobotanical documentation depends on the cooperative various techniques recommended for ethnobotanical study, relationship between the researcher and local informants. It is such as- i) Direct or participant observation, ii) checklist very important to locate knowledgeable informants for the interview, iii) Group interview, iv) Field interview, v) Plant study of Ethnobotany [10, 11]. interview and vi) Market survey [12-17]. All of these techniques Nine orchid species were collected from Kaptai National were followed. Park, Kaptai, Rangamati. They were; Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl. 2. Aerides odorata Lour. 3. Bulbophyllum 3. Results lilacinum Ridl. 4. Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. 5. Uses of nine orchids species have been recorded in the present Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) C.E.C. Fisch. 6. Eria study by contracting different ethnic and Bengali people. tomentosa (Koen.) Hook. f. 7. Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Roots, leaves, pseudobulbs, stems as well as whole plants of Schltr. 8. Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. And 9. different orchid species were found to be used as medicine by Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume. The voucher specimen of the tribal and Bengali people who live in the hilly or remote the orchid species were preserved in the herbarium of the areas of Bangladesh. Chittagong University. Table 1: Plant parts used, ethnomedicinal uses, mode of preparation, communities/users according B=Bagali, C=Chakma M=Marma T= Tanchanga R=Rakhaine Mode of Communities/ Name of species Plant parts used Ethnomedicinal uses preparation Users Dried (M), Acampe Leaves (C), Marma Treatment of fever (M), ear ache (C), injury (B) and to decoction papillosa Whole plants (B, Chakma solve male and female problem (M) (C, M) and Juice (B, (Lindl.) Lindl. M) Bengali M) Marma Treat pneumonia (M), dyspepsia (B), epilepsy (M), Aerides odorata Leaves (BM), Decoction (C), Juice Rakhain paralysis (B), inflammation (C), waist ache (R), and Lour. Whole plant (CR) (BMR) Bengali fracture (B) Chakma Used as aphrodisiac (B), Chyawanprash (B). Treatment Dried (M) and Pseudobulbs Bengali of rheumatism (B), eye disease (B), tuberculosis ground plant Bulbophyllum (B), Leaves (BC), Marma (B),cough (B), asthma (B), jaundice (M), anaemia (M), (BCMTR), lilacinum Ridl. Whole plant Chakma wounds (C), hypertention (R), diabetes (B), heavy Decoction (B), Juice (CMR) Rakhain menstruation (R) andleucorrhoea (R) Inflammation (C) (BCMR) and pill (B) Treatment of ear ache (CM), paralysis (M), Leaves pill (M) is prepared. Marma Cymbidium inflammation (C), painful menstruation (C), child (BCMTR), Roots Juice (BR), Chakma aloifolium (L.) delivery (C), epilepsy (C), infertility (T), irregular (B), Whole plant Paste(R), hot Tanchangya Sw. menstruation (R), rheumatism (B), cough (B), (C) decoction (CM) Bengali dyspepsia (B), asthma (B) and boil (R) Treatment of wounds (C), earache (C), epilepsy (C), Dendrobium Chakma Leaves (C), paralysis (C), abdominal pain (M), bodyache (M), Paste (BC), Juice aphyllum Marma Whole plant carve-depression (M), eye inflammation (M), blear (CM), then pill (M) (Roxb.) C.E.C. Rakhain (BCMR) (M), diabetes (R), heavy menstruation (R), rheumatism is prepared Fisch. Bengali (B) and leucorrhoea (R) Whole plants Used as aphrodisiac (B), chyawanprash (B), Treat liver Bengali (BCMTR), and kidney disease (M), constipation (M), boils (C), Marma Eria tomentosa Leaves Juice (BM), paste rheumatism (B), epilepsy (C), hypertension (R), Chakma (Koen.) Hook. f. (BCMTR), (BCR) irregular menstruation (B), heavy menstruation (R), Tanchangya Pseudobulbs leucorrhoea (B) and diabetes (R) Rakhain (BCMTR) Used as tonic (B). Treatment of fever (C), inflammation (BCMTR), bodyache (C), piles Marma Leaves (BMR), Dried (BCMTR) and Geodorum (BCMTR), vertiginious (BCMTR), carve-depression Chakma Pseudobulbs (M), powered plant (M), densiflorum (M), eye inflammation (CM), blear (M), blood cancer Tanchangya Whole plants Decoction (C), Paste (Lam.) Schltr. (M), wound (B), abdominal pain (BCMTR), cough (B), Rakhain (BMTR) (BR), Juice (CM) leucorrhoea (R), hypertension (R), heavy menstruation Bengali (R) and diabetes (R) Treatment of fever (M), heavy menstruation (B), Leaves (BMTR), Paste (T), Dried (M) Marma Papilionanthe diabetes (B), fever (BCMTR), vertiginious (M), carve- Stems (MTR), and powdered plant Tanchangya teres (Roxb.) depression (M), eye inflammation (M), blear (M), Whole plant (M), Juice (B), Bengali Schltr. abdominal pain (T), leucorrhagia (R) and hypertension (BMTR) Decoction (BM) Rakhain (R) Leaves (M), Treat paralysis (M), rheumatism (M), piles irregular Rhynchostylis Marma Pseudobulbs menstruation (T), heavy menstruation (T), painful retusa (L.) Juice (BCM) Tanchangya (CM), Whole menstruation (T), fracture (B), fever (B), allergy (B) Blume Bengali plants (BCMTR) (due to pollution of blood), inflammation (B) Current study has been conducted into five communities: percentage informants of participant of different communities Bengali, Chakma, Marma, Rakhain and Tanchangya. The has shown in Figure-1 ~ 266 ~ Journal
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