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Complications in Third Molar Extraction Outcome: a Systematic Review Dr Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research Abbreviated Key Title: Saudi J Oral Dent Res ISSN 2518-1300 (Print) |ISSN 2518-1297 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com Original Research Article Complications in Third Molar Extraction Outcome: A Systematic Review Dr. Mohammed S AlSahhar*, Dr. Amjad Obaid Aljohani, Dr. Saif Ahmed Alshaikhi, Dr. Amro Mohammed Abdulaziz, Dr. Anwar Minwer Alanazi, Dr. Sarah Ahmed Almohaimel, Dr. Maha Thaar Almutairi, Dr. Almuhanna Mohammed Ali, Dr. Shaima Mohammed Alasimi, Dr. Khadega Jaafar Alwi Alshateri, Dr. Fatima Sultana Department of Dentistry, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia DOI: 10.36348/sjodr.2020.v05i12.006 | Received: 03.12.2020 | Accepted: 15.12.2020 | Published: 18.12.2020 *Corresponding author: Dr. Mohammed S AlSahhar Abstract The third molars are the toughest, far-most and wide when compared to the other teeth and helps in grinding of food inside the oral cavity of the individual he most commonly impacted teeth in the human dentition is the third molars. Due to the impaction of the third molars, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons often extract the third molars by a surgical procedure. A planned surgical procedure is to be followed by the surgeons to minimize any complications related to the third molar extraction. The primary goal of this research was to review the literature related to complications after the third molar surgery. Data was extracted from the online databases like Medline and Pub Med Central, and tabulated using the pre-designed data extraction forms. Commonly the extractions are done by the general dentists using the forceps and elevator. In case of the tooth that is near a major nerve, with large or curved roots, in fusion with the jawbone or if it’s nearby a crown or fillings the Dento alveolar surgery is recommended. These complications can affect the quality of life of the patient. In present time the knowledge and awareness about oral health and its impact on the quality of life is understood and maintained. The patient should be made aware about all the possible complications before the surgery. Keywords: Third Molar Surgery, Dento Alveolar Surgery, Wisdom Tooth Surgery, Complications, impacted teeth. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. NTRODUCTION cavity. It was reported that the prevalence and incidence I of the impacted tooth is increasing due to enhanced use Due to varied reasons, the protruding of the of soft food in diets and comparatively less use of teeth through the gingiva is blocked and the tooth is masticatory apparatus. The age, gender and race of the impacted inside the gingiva, this is called impaction of individual influence the occurrence of impacted tooth Teeth. The teeth can be partially impacted or [8]. completely impacted [1]. The partially impacted has started to erupt through the gingiva while the impacted teeth failed to erupt and is inside the gingiva [2]. Most AIM AND OBJECTIVES of the time, the teeth that are impacted remain under the The primary goal of this research was to gingiva with no problems to the individual, however it review the literature related to complications after the can be only seen via a X-ray of the oral cavity [3].The third molar surgery. This can be attained by: sign and symptoms of an impacted tooth are: pain in the Carrying out an online search of databases for oral cavity while opening the mouth, biting and the literature related to complications after the chewing; the mouth opens with lots of difficulty; bad third molar surgery. breath; bad taste in mouth; inflammed red bleeding Systematically reviewing the literature gingiva [4]. The cause of tooth impaction may be available on Pubmed Central, Medline, excessive soft tissue, dense overlying bone, abnormal Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, etc. eruption path, length and space of the dental arch. The Identifying the varied reasons for the cause of tooth becomes impacted when the space inside the complications after the surgery. dental arch is reduced due to orthodontic treatment [5]. Identifying the risk factors for complications The most commonly impacted teeth in Human is the of the third molar surgery. mandibular and maxillary Third morals followed by Determining the possible precautionary steps maxillary canines and mandibular canines [6, 7]. The to be taken during the third molar surgery. Global dental data suggests that at least 73% of the population has at least one impacted tooth in the oral © 2020 |Published by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 594 Mohammed S AlSahhar et al; Saudi J Oral Dent Res, Dec, 2020; 5(12): 594-598 METHODOLOGY SEARCH TERMS USED To perform the systematic search using the Third Molars OR Wisdom Teeth OR Grinders Medline and Pub Med Central in the English language OR Posterior Molars OR Last Molars AND Dento with the aim to review the literature related to the Alveolar Surgery OR Oral-maxillofacial Surgery OR complications after the third molar extraction. Data was Oral Surgery OR Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery OR extracted from the online databases like Medline and Dento Alveolar Osteotomy AND Maxillary OR Maxilla Pub Med Central, and tabulated using the pre-designed AND Mandibular OR Mandible AND Complications data extraction forms. OR Complaints OR Ailments. DATA EXTRACTION FILTERS USED The pre-designed data extraction form Human studies, studies in English language, included the information about the study citation and adults of 18 years and old characteristics (name of the Author/s, year of publication, country of study, complications in the TIME LINE OF STUDY patient after the third molar extraction). The A total of 6 months time it took to collect the complication reported can be intra-operative / data, analyze it, write the manuscript and proposal, and immediate / intermediate / delayed depending upon the review the manuscript and proposal. onset of occurrence after the Dento alveolar surgery. DATA ANALYSIS DATA MANAGEMENT The literature review showed a total of 778 Extracted data from Medline and Pub Med articles related to the MeSH terms used. By applying Central is to be entered in the pre-designed data the filters and limiting the articles with human studies, extraction form created by Principal Investigator. The adult studies and English language studies, about 196 outcome will be observed and the results will be were sorted to study. The abstracts and titles were recorded. Each article selected for the study will be studied and by applying the inclusion and exclusion closely reviewed and the data entered in the pre- criteria, about 37 articles were selected and from this designed tables are evaluated and handled by the upon further assessment 24 articles were removed and principal investigator. only 13 articles were included in the study of post- operative complications of the Third Molars. AUTHORS YEAR RESEARCH TOPIC COMPLICATIONS DATA NAME OF REPORTED SOURCE STUDY Medeiros And 1997 Treatment Of An Ankylosed Central Surgical Am J Orthod Bezerra Incisor By Single-Tooth Dento-Osseous Repositioning Dentofac Osteotomy Orthop Kral And Subrt 1966 Repositioning Of a Single Tooth By Tooth Vitality After Osterr Z Means Of Corticotomy And Fracturing The Treatment Stomatol Of Its Alveolar Process] Kole 1959 Surgical Operations On The Alveolar Buccal And Lingual Oral Surg Oral Ridge To Correct Occlusal Alveolar Bone Med Oral Abnormalities. Pathol. Düker 1975 Experimental Animal Research Into Rapid Tooth J Maxillofac Segmental Alveolar Movement After Movement With Surg. Corticotomy. Corticotomy Suya 1991 Suya H. Corticotomy In Orthodontics. Corticotomy-Assisted Heidelberg, In: Hosl E, Baldauf A, Orthodontic Germany: Editors. Mechanical And Biological Treatment Huthig Buch Basis In Orthodontic Therapy. Verlag Yaffe 1994 Regional Accelerated Phenomenon In Osteotomy-Assisted J Periodontol. The Mandible Following Mucoperiosteal Tooth Movement Flap Surgery. Wilcko 2000 Rapid Orthodontics With Alveolar Reversible Int J Reshaping: Two Case Reports Of Osteopenia Periodontics Decrowding Restorative Dent. Lee W 2008 Corticotomy-/Osteotomy-Assisted Tooth Transient Bone J Dent Res. Movement Microcts Differ. Resorption © 2020 |Published by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 595 Mohammed S AlSahhar et al; Saudi J Oral Dent Res, Dec, 2020; 5(12): 594-598 Wang 2009 Tisssue Responses In Corticotomy- And Distraction Am J Orthod Osteotomy-Assisted Tooth Movements Osteogenesis Dentofacial In Rats: Histology And Immunostaining. Orthop. Leung Yy 2012 Treatment Modalities Of Neurosensory Neuro Dysfunction J Oral Deficit After Lower Third Molar Maxillofac Surgery: A Systematic Review Surg. 2 Thirumurgan K 2013 Maxillary Tuberosity Fracture And Fracture of The J Nat Sci Biol Subconjunctival Hemorrhage Following Maxillae Med. Extraction Of Maxillary Third Molar. Marghalani A 2014 Antibiotic Prophylaxis Reduces Post-Operative Jada Infectious Complications But Increases Infections Adverse Effects After Third-Molar Extraction In Healthy Patients. Elitsa G. 2016 Complications After Extraction Of Pain. Dry Socket, Imab Deliverska Impacted Third Molars- Literature Swelling Review Third molars performed by the Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon. The The third molars are often called as the Dento alveolar surgery can be performed by using local Wisdom teeth, as they erupt in a wise age between 17 to anaesthesia on the dental chair or by giving General 21 years of age. The third molars are the toughest, far- anaesthesia in the operation theatre. The surgical most and wide when compared to the other teeth and extraction may involve the incision in the gingiva or the helps in grinding of food inside the oral cavity of the removal of the surrounding bone to have an access to individual. In the human dentition, the third molars are the teeth and then removing the teeth easily by the most posterior teeth of all.
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