Navigating Brechtian Tradition and Satirical Comedy Through Hope's Eyes in Urinetown: the Musical Katherine B
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Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Scripps Senior Theses Scripps Student Scholarship 2016 "Can We Do A Happy Musical Next Time?": Navigating Brechtian Tradition and Satirical Comedy Through Hope's Eyes in Urinetown: The Musical Katherine B. Marcus Reker Scripps College Recommended Citation Marcus Reker, Katherine B., ""Can We Do A Happy Musical Next Time?": Navigating Brechtian Tradition and Satirical Comedy Through Hope's Eyes in Urinetown: The usicalM " (2016). Scripps Senior Theses. Paper 876. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/876 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Scripps Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scripps Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “CAN WE DO A HAPPY MUSICAL NEXT TIME?”: NAVIGATING BRECHTIAN TRADITION AND SATIRICAL COMEDY THROUGH HOPE’S EYES IN URINETOWN: THE MUSICAL BY KATHERINE MARCUS REKER “Nothing is more revolting than when an actor pretends not to notice that he has left the level of plain speech and started to sing.” – Bertolt Brecht SUBMITTED TO SCRIPPS COLLEGE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS GIOVANNI ORTEGA ARTHUR HOROWITZ THOMAS LEABHART RONNIE BROSTERMAN APRIL 22, 2016 II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not be possible without the support of the entire Faculty, Staff, and Community of the Pomona College Department of Theatre and Dance. Thank you to Art, Sherry, Betty, Janet, Gio, Tom, Carolyn, and Joyce for teaching and supporting me throughout this process and my time at Scripps College. Thank you, Art, for convincing me to minor and eventually major in this beautiful subject after taking my first theatre class with you my second year here. Thank you to Suzanne for creating a home for me in the costume shop and teaching me with patience and kindness every day. I would also like to thank my readers, Gio, Art, Tom, and Ronnie, for supporting me and serving as a resource and guide throughout this process. Thank you to the passionate and talented Urinetown cast whose excitement and dedication to this show gave me the strength to keep going even when rehearsals were tough and I felt myself slipping. Without your help, I would never have found the warm-hearted Hope Cladwell in this quirky, absurd little town. Thank you for being my family and my life for the past six weeks. Thank you to my fellow Urinetown thesis seniors, Victoria, Harrison, and Becki. When we stood on the Seaver stage back in September to audition for these roles, nothing could have prepared me for what was to come. It has been a privilege taking this eight-month journey with you and taking our little Urinetown family from four to nineteen to so many more. Thank you to my parents, Dana and Dennis, who when I told them I wanted to major in Theatre, did not try to convince me to major in something “practical,” but instead reacted with pride, continuing to tell me to follow my dream instead of the conventional logic we as artists hear from so many of our surrounding influences. And finally, thank you to my director, Giovanni Ortega, who has shown me that artists allow the world to see their lives played out on stage. We feel openly what others do only within the depths of their internal selves. And by doing that, we are not crazy; we are empaths. Without your incomparable passion, fearless guidance, and unparalleled mentorship, I would not be standing here today. Thank you for entrusting me with Hope, allowing me to tell her story, and giving me the tools, encouragement, and support to realize my full potential within your brilliant production. III ABSTRACT This thesis proposes a critical study of the theoretical framework of Urinetown, asking the question of whether or not the show is truly a “Brechtian musical,” utilizing the tenets and beliefs of Bertolt Brecht. Set in a quirky, Gotham-like town where you have “to pay to pee” due to a severe drought, Urinetown follows a cast of absurdist characters as they navigate a society plagued by the perils of big business, ecological devastation, and the inequalities of capitalism. While the show appears to make a relevant social commentary, supporting a righteous rebellion to overthrow the evil Urine Good Company, in the end, by proving that revolution does not always succeed, writers, Kotis and Hollman invalidate these commentaries, proving that despite its Brechtian appearance, the show in its textual form is much more simply a comedic parody. However, Pomona College’s production, in which I played Hope Cladwell, takes on a much more severe tone, creating legitimate commentary by replacing many of the comedic, two-dimensional characters with living breathing, realities. In a text traditionally lacking authenticity, I approached Hope Cladwell with the intention of finding strength and satire in an otherwise vapid character. KEYWORDS Urinetown • Hope Cladwell • musical theatre • Bertolt Brecht • satire • parody IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS .................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... IV URINETOWN: A DRAMATURGICAL EXPLORATION ......................................................................1 WELCOME TO URINETOWN .....................................................................................................................2 CONTEXTUALIZING URINETOWN ............................................................................................................5 THE CRITICS SPEAK ................................................................................................................................8 BRECHTIAN DRAMATIC THEORY ...........................................................................................................9 URINETOWN’S PREDECESSORS ..............................................................................................................12 A BRECHTIAN MUSICAL? .....................................................................................................................15 SUBVERTING THE AMERICAN MUSICAL ..............................................................................................21 HAIL MALTHUS! ...................................................................................................................................25 THE REHEARSAL PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE ......................................................................29 THE GRAVITY OF OUR URINETOWN .....................................................................................................30 HOPE’S JOURNEY: AN OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................32 FINDING HOPE ......................................................................................................................................35 THE BEGINNING OF HOPE’S JOURNEY .................................................................................................37 PORTRAYING HOPE ..............................................................................................................................39 DRESSING HOPE ...................................................................................................................................46 FINAL REFLECTIONS ................................................................................................................52 1 URINETOWN: A DRAMATURGICAL EXPLORATION “Well, hello there. And welcome—to Urinetown! Not the place, of course. The musical.”i Setting the tone for Urinetown’s quick-witted Brechtian style, Officer Lockstock, the main narrator of this story, welcomes the audience to the show, divulging details of the plot and bringing them into the world of the play. Urinetown: The Musical, written by Greg Kotis and Mark Hollman in 1999, which opened on Broadway in 2001, relies on the premise that a serious water-shortage has left a “Gotham-like city” with no alternative but to outlaw private bathrooms, forcing all citizens to pay to use public amenities. This extraordinary and absurd premise sets the scene for a clever, but caricatured parody of traditional musical theatrical conventions, creating clear and exaggerated portrayals of class disputes, environmental issues, and the perils of big business. Utilizing Brechtian principles of the Epic Theater and alienation effect, taking influences from plays including Threepenny Opera and The Cradle Will Rock, and applying inflated parodies of musical theatre convention, Urinetown creates a satirized social and political commentary that allows the audience to take part through intentional narrative techniques. By parodying character tropes and socio-political scenarios, and mocking its own plot and devices through crisp and biting rhetoric, Urinetown’s satire provides audience members with a chance to immerse themselves in the blatant social commentary of today’s world hidden within the play’s dystopian setting. This thesis will examine Urinetown’s development through an analysis of its predecessors, Brechtian theory, and the genre of American musical theatre in order to argue that despite the anecdotal “Brechtian” descriptor often