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Nigeria Last Updated: May 6, 2016
Country Analysis Brief: Nigeria Last Updated: May 6, 2016 Overview Nigeria is currently the largest oil producer in Africa and was the world's fourth-largest exporter of LNG in 2015. Nigeria’s oil production is hampered by instability and supply disruptions, while its natural gas sector is restricted by the lack of infrastructure to commercialize natural gas that is currently flared (burned off). Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa, holds the largest natural gas reserves on the continent, and was the world’s fourth-largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2015.1 Nigeria became a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971, more than a decade after oil production began in the oil-rich Bayelsa State in the 1950s.2 Although Nigeria is the leading oil producer in Africa, production is affected by sporadic supply disruptions, which have resulted in unplanned outages of up to 500,000 barrels per day (b/d). Figure 1: Map of Nigeria Source: U.S. Department of State 1 Nigeria’s oil and natural gas industry is primarily located in the southern Niger Delta area, where it has been a source of conflict. Local groups seeking a share of the wealth often attack the oil infrastructure, forcing companies to declare force majeure on oil shipments (a legal clause that allows a party to not satisfy contractual agreements because of circumstances beyond their control). At the same time, oil theft leads to pipeline damage that is often severe, causing loss of production, pollution, and forcing companies to shut in production. -
Middle East Oil Pricing Systems in Flux Introduction
May 2021: ISSUE 128 MIDDLE EAST OIL PRICING SYSTEMS IN FLUX INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2 THE GULF/ASIA BENCHMARKS: SETTING THE SCENE...................................................................................................... 5 Adi Imsirovic THE SHIFT IN CRUDE AND PRODUCT FLOWS ..................................................................................................................... 8 Reid l'Anson and Kevin Wright THE DUBAI BENCHMARK: EVOLUTION AND RESILIENCE ............................................................................................... 12 Dave Ernsberger MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA OIL PRICING—BENCHMARKS AND TRADING OPPORTUNITIES......................................... 15 Paul Young THE PROSPECTS OF MURBAN AS A BENCHMARK .......................................................................................................... 18 Michael Wittner IFAD: A LURCHING START IN A SANDY ROAD .................................................................................................................. 22 Jorge Montepeque THE SECOND SPLIT: BASRAH MEDIUM AND THE CHALLENGE OF IRAQI CRUDE QUALITY...................................... 29 Ahmed Mehdi CHINA’S SHANGHAI INE CRUDE FUTURES: HAPPY ACCIDENT VERSUS OVERDESIGN ............................................. 33 Tom Reed FUJAIRAH’S RISE TO PROMINENCE .................................................................................................................................. -
America's Energy Corridor Year Event 1868 Louisiana's First Well, an Exploratory Well Near Bayou Choupique, Hackberry, LA Was a Dry Hole
AAmmeerriiccaa’’ss EEnneerrggyy CCoorrrriiddoorr LOUISIANA Serving the Nation’s Energy Needs LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SECRETARY SCOTT A. ANGELLE A state agency report on the economic impacts of the network of energy facilities and energy supply of America’s Wetland. www.dnr.state.la.us America’s Energy Corridor LOUISIANA Serving the Nation’s Energy Needs Prepared by: Louisiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Office of the Secretary, Scott A. Angelle Technology Assessment Division T. Michael French, P.E., Director William J. Delmar, Jr., P.E., Assistant Director Paul R. Sprehe, Energy Economist (Primary Author) Acknowledgements: The following individuals and groups have contributed to the research and compilation of this report. Collaborators in this project are experts in their field of work and are greatly appreciated for their time and assistance. State Library of Louisiana, Research Librarians U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Richard Furiga (Ret.) Dave Johnson Ann Rochon Nabil Shourbaji Robert Meyers New Orleans Region Office Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) Louisiana Offshore Terminal Authority (LOTA) La. Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator’s Office, Dr. Karolien Debusschere ChevronTexaco and Sabine Pipeline, LLC Port Fourchon Executive Director Ted Falgout Louisiana I Coalition Executive Director Roy Martin Booklet preparation: DNR Public Information Director Phyllis F. Darensbourg Public Information Assistant Charity Glaser For copies of this report, contact the DNR Public Information Office at 225-342-0556 or email request to [email protected]. -i- CONTENTS America’s Energy Corridor LOUISIANA Serving the Nation’s Energy Needs……………………………………………... i Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii Fact Sheet…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. -
BP Executive: True Test of Downturn Will Come During Recovery
2016.otcnet.org Tuesday, May 3 | Houston, Texas | THE OFFICIAL 2016 OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE NEWSPAPER | DAY 2 BP Executive: True Test Fiery Ice of Downturn Will Come Takes Center During Recovery Stage n Leading experts to discuss advances n Energy demand is expected to increase by one-third by 2035, but oil and gas in E&P testing of gas hydrates during companies need to start looking at hydrocarbons as products to streamline. Wednesday luncheon. BY DARREN BARBEE “It’s how we will improve through BY JENNIFER PRESLEY the productivity of our oil sector and magine the oil and gas world as an assembly line, put costs on a downward curve.” t is the ice that burns, and it is more than an industrial Ichurning out cubes of oil and natural gas. Assem- For instance, BP’s Mad Dog Ihazard plugging pipelines. It goes by many names—fire bly lines are efficient. Changes mean swapping out Phase 2 project in the Gulf of Mex- in the ice or fiery ice being two of the more popular descrip- one part—not the entire system. Industrial and avia- ico went through about $10 billion tors. Gas hydrate is the curious clathrate formed by natural tion companies typically cut costs annually. But on the in cost trims, Looney said. gas and water. Found in the Arctic and in the deepwater hydrocarbon conveyor belt, cost efficiency doesn’t seem “This was a $20 billion project, continental margins around the globe, the energy poten- to follow any logical pattern. Bernard Looney and we’ve brought it down to under tial of this other unconventional hydrocarbon is keeping “In oil and gas, specifically the upstream, costs as we $10 billion with expected returns researchers busy unlocking its secrets to better understand know tend to follow oil price and in general have trended improved despite a lower oil price,” he said. -
Ice Crude Oil
ICE CRUDE OIL Intercontinental Exchange® (ICE®) became a center for global petroleum risk management and trading with its acquisition of the International Petroleum Exchange® (IPE®) in June 2001, which is today known as ICE Futures Europe®. IPE was established in 1980 in response to the immense volatility that resulted from the oil price shocks of the 1970s. As IPE’s short-term physical markets evolved and the need to hedge emerged, the exchange offered its first contract, Gas Oil futures. In June 1988, the exchange successfully launched the Brent Crude futures contract. Today, ICE’s FSA-regulated energy futures exchange conducts nearly half the world’s trade in crude oil futures. Along with the benchmark Brent crude oil, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil and gasoil futures contracts, ICE Futures Europe also offers a full range of futures and options contracts on emissions, U.K. natural gas, U.K power and coal. THE BRENT CRUDE MARKET Brent has served as a leading global benchmark for Atlantic Oseberg-Ekofisk family of North Sea crude oils, each of which Basin crude oils in general, and low-sulfur (“sweet”) crude has a separate delivery point. Many of the crude oils traded oils in particular, since the commercialization of the U.K. and as a basis to Brent actually are traded as a basis to Dated Norwegian sectors of the North Sea in the 1970s. These crude Brent, a cargo loading within the next 10-21 days (23 days on oils include most grades produced from Nigeria and Angola, a Friday). In a circular turn, the active cash swap market for as well as U.S. -
Naftogaz of Ukraine 2014 Annual Report
NAFTOGAZ OF UKRAINE 2014 ANNUAL REPORT New Ukraine Europe New rules Market Transparency Naftogaz Reform Europe New Ukraine Europe New rules Naftogaz Market Europe New UkraineNew Transparency Reform Ukraine Naftogaz New rules Europe Naftogaz New Ukraine Market Naftogaz Europe New Ukraine Reform Transparency Naftogaz EuropeReform Europe Naftogaz New Ukraine New rules Transparency New rules Transparency New rules Europe Transparency New Ukraine Naftogaz New rules Europe Market Reform Reform Naftogaz Market Reform TransparencyNew rules Reform Europe New rules Market Reform Transparency New Ukraine Transparency Transparency Naftogaz New Ukraine Naftogaz New rules Reform NaftogazTransparency Market New rules Reform Europe Reform Naftogaz New rules Europe Naftogaz New Ukraine Transparency Market Transparency New rules Naftogaz Transparency Reform Europe New rules Market New Ukraine New Ukraine Transparency New rules New rules Market Market New Ukraine Europe Transparency Reform Europe New Ukraine New Ukraine Naftogaz Transparency New rules Reform New rules Naftogaz New rules New Ukraine Reform Market Europe New rules ReformNaftogaz Transparency Europe Reform Naftogaz Transparency Reform MarketNaftogaz Reform Naftogaz New rules Naftogaz New Ukraine Market Market Naftogaz Transparency Transparency Reform Europe Transparency New rules New rules New rules Reform New Ukraine Market Transparency New rules Naftogaz Market Europe Changing for the future Ukraine’s gas transmission Entry capacity: EUROPE’S LARGEST GAS MARKETS, 2014, bcm NAFTOGAZ AT A -
The Impact of the U.S Fracking Boom on the Price of Oil and on Arab Oil Producers
The Impact of the U.S Fracking Boom on the Price of Oil and on Arab Oil Producers Lutz Kilian University of Michigan CEPR Background ● Shale oil production became possible because of technological innovation (horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), microseismic imaging). ● The rapid expansion of U.S. shale oil production was stimulated by the high price of conventional crude oil after 2003, which made this new technology competitive. ● Since then efficiency gains in shale oil production have lowered its cost, allowing continued production at much lower oil prices. ● Because the price of oil has remained low since 2015, shale oil producers are experiencing increased operating losses and financial stress. The Role of Refineries ● Crude oil is being consumed by refineries that turn crude oil into refined products such as gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuel and heavy fuel oil. ● Not all refineries are alike. Their technical configuration determines which type of crude oil they can process. ● Changing an existing configuration is costly. The Refining Industry in Transition A few years ago, the global refining industry expected a growing shortage of light sweet crude oil worldwide: 1. Refiners along the Texas Gulf Coast invested in new technology that allowed them to become the world leader in processing heavier crudes. This allowed them to process lower priced crudes imported from Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and Mexico. 2. Refiners along the East Coast began to shut down existing refineries for light sweet crude oil in anticipation of a growing shortage of light sweet crude oil. The Glut That No One Saw Coming After 2010 shale oil was shipped in ever increasing quantities from the interior of the country to the U.S. -
Sierra Leone, the Under-Explored Conjugate
SPECIAL TOPIC: RESERVOIR MONITORING Sierra Leone, the under-explored conjugate Ben Sayers1, David Contreras1 and Ahmed Tejan Bah2 give an overview on the oil and gas prospectivity of Sierra Leone. Introduction 2200 km margin only 20 wells have been drilled in water depths Sierra Leone is a West African country situated between the greater than 500 m. Using the analogy from equatorial African Republic of Guinea and the Republic of Liberia. The country has discoveries, it appears that the highest potential may be in the approximately 8 million people who speak the national language of deep waters on the slope and continental rise of the Brazilian English, although many local dialects derived from a tribal past are margin.’ (GeoExpro, 2011) still spoken. The country has a dense tropical rainforest and wet- Fast-forwarding to 2021, we are now looking for the dis- land environment making it a host to a great diversity of flora and coveries along the northern South American coastline to see fauna, as well as sandy white beaches. The country was originally where the highest potential could lie in West Africa. Sierra named Serra Leoa, which is Portuguese for ‘Lioness Mountains’, Leone, which has more than 400 km of Atlantic coastline can referring to the Lion Mountains near the capital of Freetown. be tectonically-reconstructed back to fit with the Guyana Basin. Following a study in 2016, about 12% of the population of Sierra Obviously, the exploration success in that region has led to truly Leone had access to electricity, of that 12%, 10% was in the capital world class oil discoveries (9 Bbbls at the date of publication, Freetown, from the remaining 90% of the country, which equates but with ever-growing satellite discoveries could be as large as to 7.2 million people, only 2% have access to grid-fed electricity 15 Bbbls), which should be waiting in their eastern twin in Africa. -
BP Mad Dog 2
Mad Dog 2 production pipeline end terminal BP Mad Dog 2 OUR PROJECT Field Information VALUES CLIENT Project at a glance The Mad Dog field is located approximately 190 miles offshore in the Southern Green BP The contract scope awarded to Subsea 7 covers engineering, procurement, Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Mad Dog is a deep-water field in a water depth construction and installation (EPCI) of the subsea umbilicals, risers and flowlines ranging from approximately 1,370m - 2,200m. Oil reserves have been discovered within Safety (SURF) and associated subsea architecture. the existing Mad Dog field that are outside the reach of the existing Spar drilling rig and Schlumberger OneSubsea, Subsea 7's Subsea Integration Alliance partner, has been therefore new subsea and surface facilities are required to exploit the new reserves. awarded the Subsea Production Systems contract. Source: Modified from BP.com Full project information overleaf Integrity Highlights • First substantial project in the US • Multi-centre project with project Sustainability to use Subsea 7’s Swagelining management and engineering polymer lining technology. taking place in Houston, Texas with • First project to install in-house support from Subsea 7’s Global Performance designed steel lazy wave riser Project Centres in London and Paris. systems. Pipeline fabrication and Liner support supplied from Glasgow, Scotland. • The lazy wave risers will be wet stored onto the seabed and then • Delivered in close collaboration with Collaboration recovered and hung off onto Schlumberger OneSubsea, Subsea 7's the FPU following tow-out and Subsea Integration Alliance partner. mooring. Innovation Our Differentiators Culture Creativity Relationships Reliability Solutions www.subsea7.com© Subsea 7, February 2019. -
Ukrainian M&A Review 2018
Ukrainian M&A Review 2018 February 2019 KPMG in Ukraine kpmg.ua Ukrainian M&A Review 2018 1 Contents Overview 2018 2019 in Review Outlook 04 08 14 Methodology Appendices Continued reform is the key to FDI 18 Crossing the M&A tax border 22 In good times and bad 24 A long road to privatisation 26 28 29 © 2019 KPMG. All rights reserved. 2 Ukrainian M&A Review 2018 Introduction Despite global economic headwinds and the inevitable uncertainty the elections will bring, we remain cautiously optimistic that provided government policy remains consistent and fiscally responsible, Ukrainian M&A will deliver a third consecutive year of growth in 2019, albeit probably in low single-digits. Ukrainian M&A recorded a second Ukraine’s economic recovery Since launching the first Ukrainian consecutive year of double-digit continued in 2018, with GDP growth M&A Review, we have invested growth in 2018, with 80 transactions to be around 3.3 per cent for the heavily into our Deal Advisory announced, representing a 19 per year. Although sluggish at times, the capabilities to ensure that we remain cent increase over the previous government made further progress at the forefront of developments on year, and a total of USD1.8 billion with its reform agenda during 2018, the local market, so that we are able invested, up by 78 per cent on 2017. most notably by passing legislation to help our clients to successfully to implement a functioning anti- execute their M&A strategy. We Although domestic buyers took corruption court. Agreement of the continue to responsibly promote an even firmer hold of Ukrainian IMF Stand-by Agreement at the end Ukraine as an investment destination M&A in 2018, accounting for around of 2018, should provide investors and to play our part in the sustained two-thirds of deal value and deal with further reassurance about the development and transformation of volume, international investors economic outlook for the country. -
Subsea Sampling Systems MARS Multiple Application Reinjection System Configurations
Subsea Sampling Systems MARS multiple application reinjection system configurations APPLICATIONS Almost all technical and economic studies in the oil industry require an understanding of the reservoir ■ Production monitoring fluids. MARS* multiple application reinjection system sampling technology enables the capture of ■ Reservoir modeling and management a representative, uncontaminated sample from multiphase flow, in which the sample has the same molecules in the same proportions as the flow at the sampling point where all three phases are ■ Flow assurance in equilibrium. ■ Well intervention ■ Each phase is enriched and captured individually to collect sufficient volume of sample from ■ Subsea processing strategically chosen phase-rich sampling points. ■ EOR ■ No pressure or temperature drop should occur during sampling to maintain equilibrium BENEFITS between phases. ■ Enables representative subsea sampling ■ Each phase is captured and physically or mathematically recombined for reservoir fluids properties. throughout life of field ■ Mitigates risk and enhances flow assurance management ■ Optimizes multiphase flowmeter calibration and performance ■ Increases production and recovery rates ■ Reduces capex FEATURES ■ Flexibility for integration into subsea hardware and for various sampling applications ■ Three-phase representative sampling from multiple wells in a single dive ■ Phase detection and enrichment ■ Complete chain of custody throughout sample journey ■ Proven technology ■ Ideal solution for greenfield architecture ■ Retrofit -
Pre-Conference Ice Breaker, Monday 22Th October
Subsea Controls Down Under Conference 2018 Post-event Report By Ian Wilson, SUT Perth Branch Committee Member Pre-Conference Ice Breaker, Monday 22th October At 6pm delegates boarded the Crystal Swan for a cruise on the Swan river. Rob Bush of Yokogawa Australia opened the conference with a welcome address. Everyone enjoyed an evening of networking, canapes and drinks before disembarking at 9pm for some rest. SCDU 2018 Post-event Report 1 of 24 | P a g e Day ONE Tuesday 23rd October 2018 0915 Welcome by Rex Hubbard, SUT Perth Branch Vice Chairman Rex acknowledged our Major Sponsors: Viper Innovations and Woodside Energy, Ice Breaker sponsor, Yokogawa Australia and Event Partners, One Subsea, Pressure Dynamics and Shell Australia. It was mentioned we had 106 participants from 8 different countries and 20% from Opcos. The Conference Theme is “Technology, Reliability & Availability through Collaboration” 0925 Welcome to Country by Irene Stainton, INPEX SCDU 2018 Post-event Report 2 of 24 | P a g e Session A - Chaired by Ross Hendricks, TechnipFMC 0935 Keynote presentation by Miranda Taylor, CEO NERA “Cluster isn’t a dirty word: How innovative business models are changing the collaboration in landscape across Australia’s energy resources sector” Australia does not have a track record for commercialization of new technology, NERA want to change that. Australia needs a cultural change to gain the benefits of collaboration around innovation. Two innovation drivers are AI and big data. Australia does great things, but we fail to co-ordinate these