LOW VOLUME SHORT DURATION HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING and REPEATED SPRINT ABILITY in GAELIC FOOTBALL PLAYERS David Kelly, B
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LOW VOLUME SHORT DURATION HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING AND REPEATED SPRINT ABILITY IN GAELIC FOOTBALL PLAYERS David Kelly, BSc Submitted for the award of PhD Dublin City University School of Health and Human Performance Supervisor: Prof Niall M. Moyna Submitted: January 2014 Volume 1 of 1 i Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of PhD is entirely my own work, that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge breach any law of copyright, and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. Signed: ____________________ ID No. 56606300 Date _______________ ii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and sincerely thank the following: Prof. Niall Moyna for his help, guidance, and patience throughout my time in DCU. He has a unique ability to motivate his students to strive for continual improvement and pursue the highest standard of scientific practice. His mentorship and friendship have played a significant role in shaping me personally and academically, and will leave a lasting impression upon all of my future pursuits. Bróna, Bryan, Cathal, Crionna, Jonny, Kevin, Mickey, Paul, Sarah and Sinead. We shared the highs and the lows, but together made difficult situations so much easier. The rest of my fellow postgrads and the staff in the School of Health and Human Performance, a warm thank you for their friendship and support throughout. A special thanks to Cathal, who began this journey with me all those years ago. Our friendship is one of the highlights of my time in DCU. Bróna, your motivation, drive and constant pursuit of excellence has influenced me greatly over the past 3 years. Paul, my go to encyclopaedia, for always being on hand to help out no matter what the situation or problem. Aisling, for all your help, which never came without a smile and a joke. Each participant, without their commitment, dedication and kindness this research would not have been possible. To the DCU GAA Academy, thank you for supporting me throughout my time in DCU. My time representing the college as a player and coach are the memories I will look back on with most fondness. To the final year students, Niall, Stephen, Barry, Neil, Martin, Cathal, Kieran, Antoin and Michael for their assistance throughout. iii To all of my wonderful friends outside of DCU, especially Ede. I am extremely grateful for your constant love, understanding and support. Sarah and James, for all your encouragement and support. But most importantly, for always being there. To my parents Eileen and Michael, I will never be able to repay the faith you have showed in me over this great journey. Thank you both for supporting me every step of the way, always encouraging my pursuit of further education and making me who I am today. iv Table of Contents Declaration ............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... xi Abstract ............................................................................................................................... xiii Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter I ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 1 Study Aims .............................................................................................................................. 4 Study Hypotheses ................................................................................................................... 5 Null Hypothesis ................................................................................................................... 5 Alternate Hypothesis .......................................................................................................... 5 Chapter II .................................................................................................................................... 6 Review of Literature ............................................................................................................... 6 Bioenergetics ...................................................................................................................... 7 Phosphagen System ........................................................................................................ 9 Anaerobic Glycolysis ..................................................................................................... 12 Aerobic Metabolism ...................................................................................................... 16 Repeated Sprint Ability ..................................................................................................... 22 High Volume Endurance Training and O2max ................................................................ 25 High-intensity Interval Training and O2max ................................................................... 26 Comparison of Physiological and Performance Response to HVET or LS-HIT .................. 32 Maximal Aerobic Capacity ............................................................................................ 32 Metabolic Adaptations ................................................................................................. 37 Endurance Performance Test (Time trial) ..................................................................... 38 Running Economy ............................................................................................................. 39 2max ........................................................................................................................... 42 Blood Lactate Concentration ............................................................................................ 43 Speed and Power .............................................................................................................. 48 RSA Determinants ............................................................................................................. 53 Speed ............................................................................................................................ 53 Power ............................................................................................................................ 56 Muscular Strength......................................................................................................... 59 Chapter III ................................................................................................................................. 60 General Methodology ......................................................................................................... 60 Training Intervention Design ........................................................................................ 60 RSA Test Design ............................................................................................................. 61 Laboratory Procedures ..................................................................................................... 63 Anthropometrics ........................................................................................................... 63 Running Economy (RE) .................................................................................................. 63 Maximal Aerobic Capacity ( 2max) ............................................................................ 64 2max ........................................................................................................................ 64 Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Measures ................................................................. 65 v Mass Flow Sensor Heated wire Anemometer-Mode of Operation .............................. 65 Mass Flow Sensor Calibration ....................................................................................... 66 Gas Analysers ................................................................................................................ 66 Calibration of CO2 and O2 Analysers ............................................................................. 67 Ratings of Perceived Exertion ....................................................................................... 67 Blood Lactate Sampling and Measurement .................................................................. 68 Blood Lactate Interpretation ........................................................................................ 69 Endurance Performance Test (Time Trial) 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