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Museu De Zoologia Universidade De São Paulo Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Sistemática, Taxonomia Animal E Biodiversidade MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM SISTEMÁTICA, TAXONOMIA ANIMAL E BIODIVERSIDADE Rafael Clayton de Jesus e Sousa Análise cladística de Incini Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) Cladistic analysis of Incini Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) SÃO PAULO 2019 RAFAEL CLAYTON DE JESUS E SOUSA ANÁLISE CLADÍSTICA DE INCINI BURMEISTER, 1842 (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE, CETONIINAE) CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF INCINI BURMEISTER, 1842 (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE, CETONIINAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Sistemática, Taxonomia Ani- mal e Biodiversidade do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientador (a): Profa. Dra. Sônia A. Casari Coorientador: Dr. Juares Fuhrmann SÃO PAULO 2019 ADVERTÊNCIA Essa dissertação é parte dos requerimentos necessários à obtenção do título de mestre em Sis- temática, Taxonomia Animal e Biodiversidade, e como tal, não deve ser vista como uma pu- blicação no sentido do artigo 9 do Código de Nomenclatura Zoológica da “ICZN − Internaci- onal Comission on Zoological Nomenclature”. Desta forma não devem ser considerados quaisquer atos nomenclaturais a ela relacionados. NOTICE This dissertation is a partial requirement for the Master degree in Systematics, Animal Tax- onomy and Biodiversity, and, as such, should not be considered as a publication in the sense of the article 9 of ICZN - Internacional Comissiono on Zoological Nomenclature. Therefore, should not be considered, any nomenclatural acts related to it. i Eu autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio, con- vencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. I authorize the reproduction and dissemination of this work in part or entirely by any means eletronic or conventional, for study and research, provided the source is cited. ii Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo Sousa, Rafael Clayton de Jesus e Análise cladistica de Incini Burmeiter, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) = Cladistic analysis of Incini Burmeiter, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) / Ra- fael Clayton de Jesus e Sousa; orientadora Sônia Aparecida Casari e coorientador Juares Fuhrmann. São Paulo, 2019. xviii + 165 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Taxonomia e Bio- diversidade, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. Versão original 1. Taxonomia - Scarabaeidae 2. Coleoptera - taxonomia 3. Cladistica - Cetoniinae. I. Ca- sari, Sônia Aparecida, orient. II. Fuhrmann, Juares, coorient. III.Título. CDU 595.76 CRB 8-3805 Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. ________________________Instituição: _______________________ Julgamento: _____________________ Assinatura: _______________________ Prof. Dr. ________________________Instituição: _______________________ Julgamento: _____________________ Assinatura: _______________________ Profa. Dra. Sônia Aparecida Casari (orientadora) Julgamento: _____________________ Assinatura: ______________________ iii AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço toda a minha família pelo apoio e incentivo recebido, em especial à Dona Bela, minha mãe, e minha tia Dona Andrelina que fizeram de mim a pessoa sorridente que sou. Aos “Claytons”, meus 5 irmãos que sempre me aturaram e me apoiaram nessa grande jornada da Biologia que comecei há uma década. À Dra. Sônia Casari, minha orientadora, que me acolheu no laboratório de Coleoptera com bom humor, paciência e otimismo antes mesmo do início da pós-graduação. Minha sin- cera gratidão por tornar esses últimos anos uma expêriencia maravilhosa. Ao Dr. Juares Furhmann, meu coorientador, que sempre presente, me incentivou a tra- balhar com Scarabaeidae. Com muita paciência e confiança, me forneceu a literatura necessá- ria para eu concluir o estudo realizado e me ensinou técnicas de dissecção e ilustração que me auxiliaram desde o início do projeto. Aos Doutores Fernando Vaz-de-Mello (CEMT) e Paschoal Grossi (UFRP) pela grande ajuda prestada ao me emprestarem o matérial fundamental para o inicio das atividades do pro- jeto e por sempre estarem presentes para discussões sobre a taxonomia de Scarabaeidae. Ao amigo Matthias Seidel (NMPC) a qual eu sou muito grato por fotografar os tipos primários do grupo estudado, estes depositados em diversas coleções da Europa. Ao grande amigo Álvaro Doria dos Santos, meu agradecimento especial pela ajuda re- lacionada tanto a assuntos pessoais quanto acadêmicos. Minha total gratidão, principalmente com as caronas oferecidas na volta do Museu. Ao Gabriel Biffi que me auxiliou em vários momentos principalmente nos processos envolvendo fotografia. As técnicas ensinadas resultaram em imagens fantásticas. Aos amigos do MZ, Bruno Zilberman, Letízia e Serena Migliore, Francisco Eriberto (Padre), Tammy Iwasa e Juan Pablo, que nos últimos anos me auxiliaram em momentos difí- ceis, e com a alegria que é peculiar a cada um deles, tornaram minha vida acadêmica muito mais bonita e prazerosa. Ao Antônio Santos-Silva pelos esclarecimentos relacionados a questões envolvendo taxonomia, história e geografia. A todos os professores, funcionários e técnicos do MZSP por todo o apoio oferecido nesses últimos anos. iv Aos meus amigos da Entomologia, Maria Stela, Thiago Polizei, Kamila Kuabara, Mi- chelle Marrie, Laura Prado, Tamires Andrade, Elias Araujo, Kelli Ramos, Mônica Ulysséa, Maurício da Rocha, Lívia Pinheiro, Livia Prado, Pedro Ivo, Isabel Mosch, Paola Ancajima pelos anos de amizade, e também ao Tiago Carijo, Olívia Evangelista, Keith Bayless, Helena Onody, Joel Lastra, Ernesto Aranda, Rafael Dell’Erba, Joice Constantini e Willian Ohara (China) pelas divertidas partidas de Poker realizadas em todo esse período. Aos colegas Scarabaeideologistas Vinícius Costa-Silva, Sheila Cassenote e Thaynara Pacheco pelos momentos incríveis que tivemos em nossas viagens. Peço desculpas a todos àqueles a quem eventualmente eu tenha esquecido de listar uma vez que um grande número de pessoas contribuíram para tornar minha vida mais agradá- vel durante esse período. E por fim, agradeço à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo apoio financeiro recebido para a realização desse trabalho. v “Eu compreendo, disse a verdadeira Nicole para si mesma. Essa é a declaração mais importante que se pode fazer... Compreender é a chave da vida. ” Arthur C. Clarke & Gentry Lee, A Revelação de Rama vi Resumo SOUSA, Rafael C. J. Análise cladística de Incini Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae). Incini Burmeister, 1842 é uma tribo neotropical de Scarabaeidae composta por cinco gêneros: Archedinus Morón & Krikken, 1990 (1), Coelocratus Burmeister & Schaum, 1841, Golinca Thomson, 1878 (1), Inca LePeletier & Serville, 1828 (7) e Pantodinus, Burmeister 1847 (1). Três espécies são sinonimizadas no gênero Golinca: G. davisii (Waterhouse, 1877), G. ishiha- rai Nagai, 1994 e G. trevisani Valois & Silva, 2015 são sinônimos novos de G. bifrons (Oli- vier, 1789), espécie tipo do gênero. No gênero Inca, duas mudanças de status são propostas para táxons incluídos anteriormente em Inca clathratus LePeletier & Serville, 1828, espécie tipo do gênero: I. sommeri Westwood, 1844, considerada sub-espécie, é reestabelecida ao nível de espécie, como descrito originalmente, e I. quesneli Boos & Ratcliffe, 1985 stat. nov. considerada subespécie é elevada ao nível de espécie. Uma nova espécie de Inca com ocor- rência no Sul do Brasil está em processo de descrição e publicação, I. axeli sp. nov., que mesmo não sendo descrita no presente trabalho, é utilizada na filogenia por motivos práticos. A ánalise cladística de Incini foi realizada, recuperando o monofilia da tribo que é sustentada por 28 sinapomorfias sendo 11 delas homoplásticas e 17 exclusivas. A análise contou com 18 terminais (quinze no grupo interno e 3 do grupo externo) e 187 caracteres morfológicos. A busca exaustiva com pesagem igualitária de caracteres (EW) resultou em uma árvore mais parcimoniosa com 392 passos, IC= 54 e IR= 68. A topologia resultante recuperou Osmoder- ma eremita Scopoli, 1763 (Osmodermatini) como grupo-irmão de Incini, sustentado por 25 sinapomorfias, sendo 6 delas homoplásticas. O gênero Inca é monofilético e suportado por 22 sinapomorfias, sendo 7 delas homoplásticas. São disponibilizados mapas com a distribuição geográfica e novos registros de ocorrência das espécies da tribo, sendo importante salientar que I. quesneli teve seu registro de ocorrências ampliado, anteriormente considerado endêmi- co da ilha de Trindade (República de Trindade e Tobago), e agora resgistrada para a costa Nordeste do Brasil. Além do estudo morfológico geral, foi realizado uma comparação minu- ciosa entre os chifres clipeais de Inca e Golinca, resultando em nova terminologia usada para definir as áreas dos chifres laterais e inferir e a homologia dessas áreas entre as espécies. Palavras-chave: América do Sul, besouros, filogenia, sistemática, taxonomia. vii Abstract SOUSA, R. C. J. Cladistic analysis of Incini Burmeister, 1842 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae). Incini Burmeister, 1842 is a neotropical Scarabaeidae tribe composite by five genera: Archedinus Morón & Krikken, 1990, Coelocratus Burmeister & Schaum, 1841, Golinca Thomson, 1878, Inca LePeletier & Serville, 1828 e Pantodinus, Burmeister 1847. Three new synonyms are proposed to the Golinca genus: G. davisii (Waterhouse, 1877), G. ishiharai Nagai, 1994 e G. trevisani
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