February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3511

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE IMPACT AND COST OF tant costs to convert, massive public confu­ not favored over our customary American METRIC CONVERSION sion and hardship, and economic disloca­ .system. tions that would interfere with our entire Pro-metric Board members showed their national economy and productivity. open contempt for the GAO findings short­ HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE These disadvantages of metric conversion . ly after its report was released. OF OHIO were confirmed by an exhaustive two-year At a Board meeting in Washington. simi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES study of the whole metric issue by the Gen­ lar to the one Just held by the Board in Ari­ eral Accounting Office, which resulted in a zona, Board members were asked at a public Thursday, February 21, 1980 comprehensive 757-page report to Congress forum for their view of the GAO study. •Mr. DEVINE. Mr. ·speaker, there is in October, 1978. Board member Bruce Johnson, who repre­ Following surveys and interviews of thou­ sents U.S. science on the Board, said .of the a great deal of confusion among the sands of business and iridustry leaders In GAO report: · · public about our country's policy on every sector of our economy, the GAO told the use of the metric system. "I think we should let dead dogs lie." . Congress that no major industry or sector Board member Roger Travis, who repre­ Many people have been led to be- of our economy could see or show any bene­ sents small business which ls overwhelming- . lieve by tne Federal Government that fits from metric conversion to warrant the ly opposed to metric conversion, said of the it is U.S. national policy to convert to massive costs and dislocations associated GAO metric report: metric, and to abandon our U.S. cus­ with changeover. The cost would be so widespread and high "As far as we're concerned, it'll get dust tomary system of weights and meas­ .that they could not be totally estimated by on it like anything else." ures. This is not our national policy, the GAO, but were generally stated to be in In my judgment, it is a gross public dis­ and Federal agencies have been ' in­ the many billltfns of dollars. service and contemptible for an agency of str.ucted by Congress not to favor the In addition, the GAO restated the massive · the Federal Government to show such cal­ metric · system over our American lous disregard for the well-being and public · dislocations, hardships, and other smooth operation of our Nation's institu­ system in any Government activity. negative results from national changeover tions-particularly business, industry and In a recent speech before the board to the metric system. workers who are the backbone of our pro­ of directors of the National Cowboy This voluminous GAO report included the ductivity-in order to impose metric conver­ Hall of Fame, our colleague ELDON following specific findings: · sion. The total cost of metric conversion is inde­ RUDD reviewed the metric issue, in­ terminable, but it would be substantial-in The Board has snubbed its nose at Con­ cluding the intent of Congress on this the many billions of dollars. gressional directives last year that it not matter as well as the enormous impact Metric conversion would result in higher favor metric over our predominant Ameri­ and cost should metric conversion ever consumer prtces and reduced U.S. productiv­ can system, and that the Board cease its become national policy. ity. pro-metric advocacy activities. · The Board has taken formal action to sup­ Iii my· Judgmentf this speech pre­ . U.S. economic activity and world trade port the changeover of our Nation's 1.5 mil­ sented an accurate and realistic assess­ have not been hampered or injured by a lion ga{;oline . pumps to sale of gasoline by ment of the harm being done by a bu­ dual system of American and metric meas­ the liter, instead of the gallon. reaucratic · effort to impose metric urement, and there is no evidence that a solely metri~ SY.stem would be any better for This action will force citizens to think in upon our people. I include Congress­ our economy. terms of metric and to use metric measure­ man RUDD'S speech at this point in the The purported benefits ascribed by propo­ ment, regardless of their choice, and to stop RECORD: nents of metric conversion-for example, thinking in tenns of miles-per-gallon. REMARKS OF CONGRESSMAN ELDON RUDD standardization and rationalization of meas­ It Ignores the enormous cost imposed on At the outset, let me clear up some confu­ urements-have taken place under the retail service stations, which will have ·to sion about this whole metric situation. American system without metric conversion. run dual accounting systems and maintain The GAO found that the following sectors dual inventories'in both metric and custom­ I am not in opposition to the metric ary American measures. system f oi' those who wisb to use it but I am of our economy saw or could show no bene­ opposed to the authoritarian imposition of fits ·from metric conversion to. warrant the As coordinator of metric policy for the metric on the American people which is not exorbitant cost, confusion, and inconven­ entire Federal Government, the Metric ience of changeover- Board has encouraged the Department of the intent of the Congress. Transportation to force the use of metric It is not now, nor has it ever been U.S. na· Transportation, the metal products indus· tional policy to convert to the metric try, U.S. engineering standards, U.S. labor, tire load and pressure, ratings on passenger system. the aerospace industry, surveying and map­ car tires. The law which created the U.S. Metric ping, the petroleum industry, automobile The "P-metric tires are not compatible Board in 1975 was originaUy proposed by dealers, the fastener industry-screws, .nuts, with customary tire gauges and service sta­ metric advocates as a means to change us and bolts-:-the appliance industry, the paper tion air pumps, and are an obvious safety over to metric. indu8try, the rubber industry, government hazard. But their mistaken view. that the metric at all levels, and sports. The Board has also encouraged the Feder­ system is better than our own customary By the time of the GAO report to Con­ al Highway Administration to change inter­ American system was repudiated when Con­ gress, the President had completed all ap­ state highway signs to metric-only distance gress c6mpletely changed the intent of the pointments to the 17-member·Metric Board, Information. proposed legislation before ·enactment of and it was in full operation. We have one such Federal project here in the 1975 law. All but one or two of the appointees are Arizona, on Interstate 19 between Tucson Metric conversion as national policy was hard-line pro-metric advocates. and Nogales. rejected by Congress. . Despite the intent of the 1975 law that it This replacement of American distanees Instead, the 1975 law continued our cen­ Is not national policy to abandon our Ameri­ on highway signs with kilometers does noth7 tury-old policy of voluntary· metric usage in can system and convert to metric, the Board Ing to improve driving comfort or shorten conjunction with our own predominant immediately set about to achieve this objec­ the travel time between two points. American system. tive bureaucratically, using the power and It is merely an expensive way to force in­ The Metric Board was established only to resources of the Federal Government. creased metric usage and acceptance on the help those companies and individual citizens The results of this promotion effort were motoring public, in spite of the unnecessary who needed help in their voluntary decision reported by the General Accounting Office. confusion and inconvenience that it im­ · to use metric, for whatever reason. The GAO report stated that the Amedcan poses. . Congress rejected the proposed policy of public has the erroneous belief that it is na­ The Metric Board's most recent action in ·national conversion to the metric system be­ tional policy to convert to metric, and that defiance of Congress has been the issuance cause there was no evidence that our people this conversion is inevitable. of policy guidelines to all other Federal would benefit from such a radical change to The GAO recommended that t'he Federal agencies, encouraging increased metric metric weights and measures. Government take actions to inform the usage through "appropriate" government To the contrary, there were overwhelming public that it is not national policy to con­ action-including the hint of using Federal disadvantages to metric, including exorbi- vert to metric, and that the metric system is contracting ·and procurement as a way to • This .:bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 3512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 . force business and individual contractors to tivfty, and thousands of workers who cannot in· the manufacture of optical instruments,· move more quickly to metric. be retrained under the new metric system all the optics-that is, the glass parts-are Obviously the U.S. Metric Board is com­ will lose their Jobs. .. given metric dimensions, as are the mating mitted to using the full power of the Feder­ Computer systems and data bases will areas of the metal or plastic parts. al Government to impose metric conversion. have to be changed. The reason for this requires a brief his­ The Board is not in the slightest bit con­ All U.S. engineering standards will have to torical explanation. Early in this -century, cerned about the enormous cost of such an be changed, and engineers will be forced to the United States obtained lenses from opti­ undertaking, or the fQ.ct that business and purchase new books reflecting metric stand­ ca) manufacturing companies .in Germany, industry see no benefit from conversion, as ards. where the metric system was in use. Gradu­ reported by the General Accounting Office Congress, State Legislatures, and munici­ ally, we began to produce our own optical in its exhaustive report. . pal governments will be forced to change all elements. The only experienced tradesmen The evidence shows that the American laws, ordinances, codes, and regulations that available in this field, however, were immi­ people have no real need or desire to con­ have references to weights and measures. grants who had formerly worked in optical vert. Why should they? We only have to This review and needed action to make manufacturing plants in Germany. consfder die startling narmfUI effects of met­ changes would alone cost billions of taxpay­ rlcation_:-tne - ma.Ssive unwarranted costs er dollars, and take attention of elected and :13eing familiar oruy with the metric and economic dislocations-to see why the appointed government officials away from system, they designed optical elements public will suffer from this mysterious other pressing government matters. using dimensions in that system. Over the· metric macliless. Why should our people be put through years, large quantities of metric tools and Metrication in the United States would such monstrously unnecessary expense and gauges accumulated. Ultimately, it became affect every American at work, at school, at hardship? Because a small group of pro­ uneconomical to change from the metric to home, in shopping, and in their leisure ac­ metric zealots believe that metric is a the U.S. decimal system. Except for that tivities. Every organization, company, indus­ "better system" than our American system? factor, optical elements could be designed try, and level of government would feel its The metric system is decidedly not better and -manufactured using the U.S. decimal impact. than our American system. system. · Metric conversion would force our people Its proponents say that a decimal system The only requirement in either system is to abandon all their customary American is preferable to our system, because you can that the designer use dimensions and toler­ ways of doing things-their everyday think­ convert from larger to smaller sizes Just by ances that would provide the accuracy nec­ ing process-in order to think, hear, and see moving a decimal point, and with no frac­ essary to meet the requirements of the in­ things in metrics. tions. strument. No longer would we have distance in First of all, our Nation has used decimals miles, weight in pounds and tons, length in for years. Our monetary system is based on Our most common basic units-the inch, inches, feet, and yards, and liquid quantity decimals. This is part of our customary foot, yard, rod, mile, ounce, pint, quart, in pints, quarts, and gallons. American system. . gallon, peck, bushel, acre, and so forth­ These traditione.l units of measure, which But we have fractions, too, which metric have been in U3e for many years. . are ingrained in our way of life and have does not. This is an advantage to our As we all know, 16 ounces of fluid equal served us well since the days of the wild system, and a very great disadvantage to one pint. Two pilhs equal one quart. Four frontier, would be replaced by foreign, metric. quarts equal one gallon. Therefore, in meas­ funny-sounding, difficult-to-remember We all use fractions more often then we uring fluid up to the gallon unit, unless we metric terms. realize. They are a simple, convenient, and wish there is no need to use a number great­ We would be made to think of distance in easily understood means of describing por­ er than 16. As we go up the ladder. in any terms of meters and kilometers, weight· in tions of anything. Fractions are also easily basic unit a short distance, we step up' to an­ grams, length in meters, and liquid quantity visualized, whether used to divide articles other basic unit in the American system. in liters. such as an apple, a pie, a bushel of Arizona Under the metric system, one is restricted We would no longer be able 'to heat our oranges, or lengths such as inches, feet, or to decimal units or units between one and homes, cook ·Our food, and get the weather miles. 10,000, which is extremely cumbersone even report according to Fahrenheit tempera­ Which is easier to use and visualize: One­ for a person who is expert with numbers. ture. We would be made to use Celsius. eighth, or its decimal equivalent 0.125; one­ Using the American system, it is easy to Metric conversion would mean new sizes fourth, or it$ de.cimal equivalent 0.25; one­ say a quarter pint, or to convert to ounces, for screws and bolts, new distances on maps, half, or its decimal ·equivalent 0.5; five­ to say three-quarters of a bushel, or to con­ new weights on scales,. new tools to repair eighths, or its d~cimal equivalent 0.625? vert to pecks, and so forth. None of our cars and other products. In verbal language, our American frac­ basic established values can be converted to It would mean new sizes for beverages, tions are indispensable, and metric or deci­ simple numbers in the metric system. food, and clothing, new recipes in the kitch­ mal units are very impractical. If you're di­ en, and the replacement of all school and li­ viding up a pie into eight pieces, it makes For example, one oU:nce equals 0.0295727 brary books that have weights and measures sense to call them "eighths," rather than liters or 29.572703 milliliters. One quart of in customary American terms. "one hundred twenty-five thousandths." liquid equals 0.9463265 liters or 946.3265 Consider the enormous high cost, confu­ Who calls half a pie "five-tenths"? milliliters. Even with the metric values sion, inconvenience, hardship, and wasted There are no halves, quarters, thirds, rounded off to the nearest practical equiva­ effort from some of the immediate ramifica­ fifths, and so forth in either the decimal lent value, we have 29.57 milliliters for one tions of metric conversion: part of the American system or in metric. ounce, 0.95 liters for one quart, and 0.91 All property will have to be re-surveyed at Both systems are based on the number 10. meters for one yard. Of course, under the the owner's expense in order to change mil­ Decimals are used when a higher degree of metric system, the basic values would be lions of legally recorded titles, deeds, tax as- accuracy is required. In our normal, every­ changed to 30 milliliters, one liter, and one ·sessments, and other documents, so that day activities, fractions are accurate enough meter. they list property sizes in hectares instead for our purposes. In the rare instance when Suppose we want to buy some heavy of the traditional acre and foot. decimals are needed, the decimal equivalent cream, which, using the present values, Property owners, lending instituti~. and of any fraction can be obtained by dividing would probably be one-half pint? Do we. ask insurance companies will have the addition­ the numerator by the denominator. for 0.25 liter or 250 milliliters? al tremendous burden of changing and en­ According to Metric Board Chairman If we wanted -to talk about a measurement suring the accuracy of millions of mortgage Louis Polk in a recent statement: that was approximately a foot long, would agreements, insurance policies, and other "If gasoline prices hit $1 a gallon, the Na-. we say 0.333 meter or 333.3 millimeters? legal papers so that they reflect the new tion's service· stations will have a good It is much more convenient to use the. metric dimensions. chance to change their pumps from gallons more i:>factfcaI; descnptive fractforiaTvafiies . . Additional hundreds of thousands of road to liters. Such a revision ·would be oppor­ The idea of saying 30 milliliters instead of survey and right-of-way documents will tune, because pumps will have to handle one ounce beggars description. have to be changed to record width and prices of $1 or higher." length in meters instead of rods. According to the National Bureau of The same is true for describing land areas. Workers who provide their own tools will Standards, one gallon is equal to 3. 785306 It is much easier to describe a farm as have to replace thetn. liters. That is an unwieldly number to have having 10 or 75 acres, rather than 4.0469464 Companies will be forced to bear the enor­ to use. So if we go metrlc, we probably or 30.352084 hectares. mous cost of maintaining dual inventories would be buying gas in. even liters-that is, The same difficulty under metric exists during the transition period, purchasing four, eight, twelve liters, and so forth. when you try to describe road right-of-way new hand tools, modifying machinery, To use approximately comparable units widths in meters instead of rods, and build­ changing product sizes, and familiarizing today, that would be like buying our gaso­ ing lot widths in meters instead of feet. consumers with metric terms. line by the quart. Not a very practical idea. In most cases, the linear measurements­ Companies will also have to retrain work­ There are various industries that use in meters-could be rounded off to the near­ ers, at a tremendous cost. This retraining metric dimensions in some part or parts of est tenth. Rounding off to the nearest will result in a substantial drop in produc- their manufacturing process. For example, whole number would result in an error of February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3513 from 2.3 inches for a two rod right-of-way A BILL TO AMEND THE TAX The Board's objective in this visit, width, to 20.5 inches for a 100-foot lot REDUCTION ACT OF 1975 and visits to other cities around the width. country~ is to promote metric and to · Therefore, right-of-way widths would be get the public, businesses, and State ~ 10.l, · 15.l, and 20.l meters, and lot widths HON. BRIAN J. DONNELLY and local governments involved in the would be 15.2, 22.9, and ~0.5 meters. oF MASSACHUSETTS Board's planned timetable for aban- Rounding off metric numbers to the near­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doning U.S. customary weights and est tenth for existin·g acreages, however, is Thursday, February 21, 1980 ·measures in favor of metric. unacceptable. In fact, we could not round This is despite instructions from off hectares to the nearest thousandth •Mr. DONNEI,LY. Mr. Speaker, Congress last year that the Board not place. If one rounds off 2.0234732 hectares­ today I have introduced legislation advocate metric conversion, or favor which equals five acres, or 217 ,800 square which will correct an unintentioned metric over our customary American feet-to the nearest thousandth, or 2.024 wrong cr.eated by the Tax Reduction f · tiviti · Act of 19'75, which allowed for a $2,000 system in any 0 its ac es. hectares-which equals 217 ,856.8 square Board member Sydney Andrews feet-the owner of the five acres would gain tax credit for the purchase of a newly probably best expressed the prometric 56.8 square feet from somewhere. constructed home, which will be the bias of the Board's majority wnen he · It is therefore obvious that the number of taxpayers principal residence for a i th t hectares in describing property size under period of a least 3 years. My present told news reporters in Phoen x a the metric system must be carried out to bl.II will provide that the $2,000 credit the United States should switch to the 10,000th place in order to preserve metric within 10 years, because he enough accuracy to prevent an injustice. for the purchase of a new residence views our American measuring system ·Describing the size of a piece of property will not be recaptured where the tax- · as "old, cumbersome, antiquated, and as 2.0235 hectares instead of five acres is im­ payer replaces it with another princi- complicatec;I." · pal residence. rt f th f t 1 in practical. The 94th Congress established sec- Quite apa rom e ac ua accu- It should be apparent that metric num· tion 44Cd)(2) of the 1975 act to help racy of Mr. Andrews' statements, this bers are not as easy to use in spoken or writ­ metric· advocacy role of the U.S. ten language as corresponding values under stimulate the depressed housing Indus- :Metric Board majority in defiance of our American system. try. During the course of my research, Congress is very disturbing. I discovered: First, the original Senate The Board is using taxpayer dollars Going metric, no matter how one looks at bill proposed extending the credit to and the power of the Federal·Govem- it, means higher business costs, more time purchases of new and old homes; and i t i b · ti 1 spent, less convenience, more room for error second, the original version of the pro- ment to mpose me r c ureaucra ca - because of the cumbersome number of vision renuired that the proceeds of a ly, when it is not national policy to digits. -. convert to metric. sale within 3 years be reinvested in Furthermore, in a 2-year study of In my judgment, no public benefit is being served by the United States Metric Board, "another principal residence." The the impact of metric conversion in the which is using millions of taxpayer dollars .-easoning for not allowing these provi- United States, should it take place, the each year to try and impose this unwieldy sions was a fear that it would lead to U.S. General Accounting Office found metric system upon the American people. rank profiteering in the re.al estate in~ enormous costs and other negative as­ ·To the.contrary, I view the Board's contin­ dustry. Seeing that the time to take pects of conversion, with few if any ued existence to be positively detrimental to advantage of this situation has passed, · benefits throughout our economy to the public and our country's economic I ~ee no reas kan oil has a number of implications. For But many companies can't get all the SAN F'RANc1sco.-What a difference a year one, it imperils plans for a west-to-east pipe­ Alaskan oil they want, Shell Oil Co., which can make. line, which ~as proposed as a way to get has stepped up West Coast usage to about February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3515 60,000 barrels a day from 40,000 a year ago,· ent Baltic nations, which remain ille­ ternational status of the Republic of is one. Its refinery near San Francisco oper­ gally occupied by the U.S.S.R. to this Estonia. ates at about 20,000 barreis below capacity, very day. Soon after the conclusion of and the company doesn't expect to be able The United States has never recog­ to get more Alaskan crude. this pact, Estonia signed, on Septem­ nized the forcible annexation of Esto­ Other companies· worry about losing the ber 28, 1939, under military threat and nia, Latvia, and Lithuania by the Alaskan supplies they have. Last fall Fletch· without the possibility of any help Soviet Union, which fact is of great er Oil & Refining Co. was threatened with a from abroad, a pact of mutual assist- moral support to. the people of these cutoff of the 10,000 barrels a day it was ance with the Soviet Union. · nations. I believe it is especially impor­ buying from Exxon for its Los Angeles re­ During the period of 20 years whicn finery. Fletcher has managed to negotiate tant for the United States to continue. an-extension until July, but after that" "we the Estonian people enjoyed their in· its full and uncompromising support have no prospects," says John Armstrong, dependence, they demonstrated what for the basic concept of the sovereign vice president for supply. a small nation is able to achieve in all rights of a people to the free and inde­ Just a year ago, Fletcher expanded its re­ fields while enjoying a democratic way pendent choice of the form of govern­ finery and- modified it to run solely on of life. They achieved an exceptionally ment under which they wish to live. higher-sulphur crude such as Alaska's. Now high educational level. The history of Therefore, if the Communists con­ the plant is operating at about 25 percent Estonian literature was documented tinue their expansionism as exhibited below capacity. Meantime, some 500,000 by the publication of the first book in barrels of .Alaskan oil float by each day on recently in the invasion of Afghani­ their way to the Panama Canal and the the Estonian language in 1935. The stan, it is imperative that the demo­ Gulf Coast. Estollian people may also be particu­ cratic countries of the world assert lary proud of their agricultural accom­ REFINERY EXPANSION their opposition to this form of politi­ plishments and great industrial cal tyranny and · reinforce Estonians Things aren't likely to get better soon. In­ achievements during this time, but dustry officials estimate that an additional and others held captive by Soviet 150,000 to 200,000 barrels a day of Alaskan also for their folklore .which continues domination. crude could be used on the West Coast right to win recognition for its originality, now. colorful variety, and great artistic The 62d anniversary of th.e Drocla­ And many companies have refinery ex­ value. mation of the independence of the Re~ pansion plans that are too far along to in· As a result Qf the Soviet invasion, in public of Estonia is at hand. Estonians terrupt. Champlin Petroleum Co., for in­ 1940, this prosperous life came to· an in the United States and throughout stance, is doubling the capacity of its Los abrupt end by·the devious acts of their the free world will commemorate their Angeles refinery to 60,000 barrels of crude big totalitarian neighbor. Since then national holiday on February 24. They daily. A recent slirvey by the Senate Energy confinll at such occasions their deter­ Committee shows that, as a result of such the Estonian people have suffered ex­ mination to fight for the restoration projects, West Coast usage of Alaskan oil tremely heavy human and material could grow by an additional 361,000 barrels losses. This situation still persists. Es­ of the independence of their native Es­ a day by 1981 if the oil were available. tonia is economically exploited by the tonia. At the same time, tbey hope Because it isn't, some companies have can­ governing Moscow regime. Those who that world public opinion will ~upport celed or suspended their expansion plans. dare make any requests for freedom them in this struggle for freedom and After getting all the needed permits, Golden and justice, relying on the stipulations justice. We join with them in express­ Eagle Refining Co. has shelved plans for a ing our determination to see that the 40,000-barrel-a-day unit at its Carson refin­ of the Helsinki Final Act, are either aspirations of Estonian people for na­ ery in Southern California. confined to mental hospitals or sen­ tenced to prison terms. Such sentences tional independence and cultural free­ The facility would have produced about dom once more be restored.• 1.3 million gallons of gasoline a day for sale are made in conformity with the ill· to some 50 independent retailers from Seat­ famed m'oc~ trials of the Stalin era. tle to Los Angeles. But, says Craig Colley, Nevertheless, again and again bold senior vice president of Golden Eagle, "to freedom fighters make their voices get financing, the banks want us to have a NICARAGUA-STYLE "1984" crude-supply contract. Except now we can't heard. One of the last evidences being get any North Slope crude."e an appeal on the 40th anniversary of the Stalin-Hitler pact and addressed to HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK the Secretary General of the United oF oHio THE 62D ANNIVERSARY OF Nations. ThiS appeal was signed by 45 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE representatives of the three Baltic na- tions. Unfortunately, such urgent ap- Thursday, February 21, 1980 HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI peals from these countries which were e Mr-. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the once members· of the League of Na- closure of El Pueblo, one of Managua's OF ILLINOIS tions, seem to fall on deaf ears. leading newspapers, and the subse- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the same time, the United Na- quent arrest and sentencing of its staff Thursday, February 21, 1980 tiOns has opened its doors to a great is Just one of a growing number of in­ e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Es­ number of ~tates which rightly have cidents that point to widespread ab­ tonia, the smallest of the Baltic coun­ been liberated from the yoke of colo~ rogation of freedoms under the San­ tries, declared its independence on nialism. Such colonialism, however, dinista ·dictatorship. I am constantly, February 24, 1918, as· a democratic re­ still prevails in vast regions of Eastern amazed at how such important events public. . In . that same year, Soviet Europe, where over 100 million people are overlooked by the U.S. news media Russia attacked Estonia with the aim are subjugated to an ihternational and by the State Department. Since of conquering that country. However, process of Russification. we are about to consider shipping off during this war of independence, Esto­ One of the more imminent concerns · $75 million of our · taxpayer's hard nia repulsed the Red armies and in of the Estonian people is the fact that earned money to support this Marxist 1920 concluded a peace treaty with the .the yachting regatta of the Olympic regime I think my· colleagues might Soviet Union. games of 1980 is to take place in Tai- like to know more about the closure of However, the signing of the notori- linn, the capital of Soviet-occupied Es- ~I Pueblo and the type of government -ous Stalin-Hitler pact of August 23, tonia. this Chamber is about to go on· record 1939, which offered to Nazi Germany As a free nation, the Estonians subsidizing. a welcome pretense for starting World would have been delighted to welcome In early February of this year San­ War II and allowed parts of Eastern the world's yachtsmen to their coun- dista troops occupied the offices of El Europe, including the three Baltic na­ try. Now they are looking at this event Pueblo in Managua and confiscated tions-Estonia, Latvia, and· Lithua­ with mixed feelings. They anxiously the printing equipment ·for the news­ nia-to become part of Soviet Russia's expect that the outside world would paper. A few days later Dr. Melvin so-called sphere of influence. Conse­ refrain from any acts which would Wallace Simpson, the director of the quently, Stalin received a free hand to damage the justified claims for free- paper, and seven other members of forcibly annex these three independ- dom of the Estonian people or the in- the El Pueblo staff were arrested and cxx:vI--222-Pa.rt a 3516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 held by the gove.rn.ment · fot : having COMPREHENSIVE AMENDMENTS ·committee to address all three rele­ publicized expressions, proclamations, vant bills~ their testimony.e or manifestos harmful to the interests HON. DAWSON MATHIS the people and the conquests of the ~f OP GEORGIA DRAFT REGISTRATION: CON­ .people. In other words, they were criti­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cal of the way the Sandinistas were GRESS NEEDS ALL THE FACTS Thursday, February 21, 1980 ·running Nicaragua. HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI On Febrary 11, Sandinista Radio re­ e Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ uary 31, Mr. UDALL, my distinguished OF KENTUCKY ported that Dr. Simpson and three colleague from Arizona, introduced IN THE ·HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other staff members had been tried H.R. 6390, comprehensive amend­ and sentenced to 2 years in prison for ments to the Atomic Energy Act of Thursday, February .21, 1980 their crimes against the people. The 1954. The bill grew out of a series of e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, last others were acquitted and released. hearings held last fall before Mr. year during consideration of the De­ .When queried in an interview as to UDALL'S Subcommittee on Energy and partmerlt of Defense authorization why militar,Y action and military Env.ironment of the Interior and Insu­ bill, the House voted against reinstat­ courts were used in the El Pueblo case lar Affairs Committee, on which I ani ing the Selective Service System in instead of civilian justice Commander privileged to serve. . line with the administration's wishes. Arce of the FSLN National Director­ I want to compliment Chairman The House did request that the ad­ ·ate stated: UDALL for the initiative he took in in­ ministration study and report back ori troducing. this bill to improve the 10 military initiatives, including draft The primary source of law here is the rev­ registra'tion, which could produce the olution itself. Tpis must be clear. In fact, it safety and efficiency of the nuclear 1 is a universal principle; The revolution is a power licensing process. The bill con­ persons needed in the event of a na­ source of law. tains several constructive provisions tional mobilization. which, if enacted, would result in ma­ The report is complete, but is being Another comment on the El Pueblo terial improvement in the process. withheld from the Congress. closing and arrests was heard from the Mr. Speaker, last March I intro­ I join with my House colleagues in Marxist Union of Journalists in Mana­ duced H.R. 3302, the Nuclear Power · calling upon the White House to re­ gua. They said: Facility Siting and Licensing Act of lease the completed report. Informa­ Freedom of expression does not mean the 1979. H.R. 3302 includes many f ea­ tion in the report is essential if Con­ right to broadcast anything by anyone.... tures similar to those contained in gress is to make a reasoned and The right to inform and be informed is not Chairman UDALL'S bill, such as stream­ thoughtful decision on whether to ini­ a birthri~ht . lining of the public hearing process, tiate a draft registration system which authorization for separate site approv­ the ad.ministration now supports de­ In the wake of the arrests and other al and delegation. of certain responsi­ spite its earlier opposition. . actions being taken to censor the news bilities to State and regional bodies. I If the intervening events in Iran and media Osca,r Leonardo Montalvan, the look forward to working with Chair­ Afghanistan require that the ground­ director of "noticieros mil" and consid­ man UDALL to see if we can ·achieve work be laid for a mobilization effort­ ered the "man of mil":_the leading some consensus in the subcommittee and that is arguable-the report might newscast of Nicaragua-fled the coun­ on these and the other provisions con­ suggest that it could be accomplished try. Afte~25 years in journalism in his tained in the two bills. without reinstating draft registration. homeland· Montalvan is now in Costa I also want to call my colleagues' at­ Following is a New York Times arti­ Rica. His comment on so-called free­ tention to the licensing amendments cle summarizing the events and con­ .dom in Nicaragua was.there is no abso­ contained ill S. 685, sponsored by Sen~· troversies surrounding the withhold~ lute freedom. In Nicaragua, we have ators JOHNSTON, JACKSON, and CHURCH, ing of the report from Congress. freedom of speech for the revolution. and now pending before the Senate CFrom the New York Times, Feb. 18, 19801 In reaction to these comments the Energy Committee. The provisions DRAFT REGISTRATION REPORTED OPPOSED Union of Journalists denounced Mon­ originally in this bill dealing with the WASHINGTON, February 17.-President talvan for harmful and irresponsible waste disposal issue have already been Carter's decision to resume draft registra­ exercise of freedom of expression. reported in a clean bill,' S. 2189, which tion went against the initial recommenda­ is now awaiting Senate floor action. tion of a panel of military experts, a George Orwell's vision of totalitar­ The licensing provisions in S. 685 member of the House Armed Services Com­ ianism in 1984 could not come up with mittee said today. cover many of the same issues includ­ Representative Patricia Schroeder, Demo­ better lines for rationalizing oppres­ ed in our two bills. crat of Colorado, said the panel which in­ sion. Nicaragua is fast becoming a pro­ As Chairman UDALL indicated in his cluded representatives· from the Depart­ digious newcomer to the realm of dic­ remarks in introducing H.R. 6390, the ments of Defense, Labor, and Health, Edu­ tatorship. The ruling junta outstrips time has come for a full-blown debate cation and Welfare, had written a report op­ any in Latin America, save for Castro of the nuclear issue and for Congress posing registration when Mr. Carter made in Cuba, as a leader in eliminating in-: . to state clearly the direction and seope his announcement in his State of the Union of the Nation's nuclear policy. I agree Address. te:r:nal criticism and dissent. Even On Feb. 9, the President sent a report to under · the regime of Somoza, El with his sentiments entirely. Because Congress outlining his registration plans Pueblo was able to publish and Mr. the three pending licensing bills cover and formally requesting funds to revive the Montalvan was able to build a long most of the issues which need to be re­ Selective Service System. This report was a and respectable career in journalism.· solved in sometimes similar and some­ rewritten version of the work done by the These facts have yet to surface in the times different fashions, I believe that committee, although Mrs. Schroeder said they provide a good starting point for the full committee did not meet again to re­ discussion of aid to the Sandinista our subcommittee's deliberations. consider the registration question. An ad­ junta. I hope .. that my colleagues Because no bill identical to S. 685 is min'istration official who asked not to be ponder these omissions during floor now pending before the House I am identified said that various members of the consideration of the Nicaragua bailout taking the liberty of today introducing panel did meet again to revise the report. bill. If we are to salvage any .integrity ·a bill in which contains the licensing REGISTRATION REPORT MANDATED from the last 3 years of Jimmy Car­ provisions set out in title V of that Representative Schroeder, Representative ter's bizarre foreign policy we must bill. I hope that this ·bill will also be Les Aspin, Democrat of Wisconsin, and the begin to open our eyes and look American Civil Liberties Union have called referred to our subcom.inittee and that for public disclosure of the original docu­ beyond the self-serving puff pieces along with H.R. 6390 and H.R. 3302 it ment and both Congressmen have said they being emitted from Fog'gy Bottom and will be noticed for hearings at an early may file Freedom of Information requests assess for ourselves the true story of date. The value of such hearing will to obtain it. the decline and fall of freedom in certainly be enhanced by making It A rider to the 1979 Department of De­ Nicaragua.• possible for witnesses before the sub- fense authorization bill written by Repre- February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3517 s.entative Schroeder required the Carter Ad­ He said, "Good. How about coming .out Instead of seeking new oil we're told we ministration to report on the feasibility of here and giving one!" need to rigidly allocate what oil we already 10 military initiatives, including a renewal And here I am. have. Instead of working toward even safer of draft registration. A committee .headed It is a pleasure to be in Des Moines amid nuclear power we're. told we must abandon by John P. White, the Deputy Director of the most efficient and productive agricul­ nuclear power altogether. Instead of elimi­ the Office of Management and Budget, was tural land of the world, and among· the nating the disincentives that make it diffi­ promptly formed. many thriving business and financial insti­ cult for the small entrepreneur to thrive, we On Jan. 21, with rumors about resumption tutions of Mid-America. are asked to hobble our most efficient and of the draft circulating on Capitol Hill, Rep­ I would like to share with you today a competitive large companies. resentative Schroeder said she called Mr. major marketing opportunity. If diligently "Small is beautiful" has become the rally­ White to ask whether Mr. Carter planned to pursued and professionally implemented, it ing cry for those who tell us to reduce our begin registration. "He said 'this was all just will raise your productivity ... supply your expectations and learn to live with a static or media hype," and that "the report said reg­ energy needs . - ~- . and boost your profits. declining standard of living. istration is not the way to go,'' said Mrs. What's even more important, it will help Yet, I don't really believe tliat you, or I, Schroeder. secure jobs, economic growth and prosperity or for that matter the vast majority of That evening Mr. Carter anrioUBced that for all Americans. Americans, are prepared to deny our chil­ the Administration planned to resume draft I recognize that's a mighty impressive dren tomorrow, the privileges that we enjoy, registration. Mr. White could not be claim. But I am talking about something far today. reached for comment. more powerful and profound than any How can we~ the business community, Today Representative Aspin, who also chemical or machine. I am suggesting we counteract the sentiment against private en­ serves on the Armed Services Committee, market an idea-specifically,' the idea of pri­ terprise and reverse government initiatives said that "every member of Congress ought vate enterprise. that impede economic growth, profit and in­ to have a right to see just what .the special­ Any successful marketing effort requires centive? ists who have been working on this for good timing and I believe the best time to What can we do to foster the awareness months think is needed to be able to mobi­ promote free enterprise is now. and support necessary to revitalize and re­ lize fighting power should we ever find our­ Record levels of inflation and negligible furbish the system and institutions that selves in a major war again." real economic growth have caused many generated our nation's 200-year economic Robert E. Shuck, who was acting Director Americans to question the statist and social­ ascendancy? of the Selective Service System when the ist concepts that have been a near-global I believe we have one critical task: To go committee began meeting, acknowledged orthodoxy over the past 50 years. public. We must take our message directly that the· agency had drawn up several Tn,le, American capitalism is still on trial. into American homes . . . to the people . . . mobilization plans in the past few years But I believe the time is right for a fair to the ultimate deciders of our society's that did not call for peacetime registration. trial. We're no longer being lynched, as we fate. We need nothing less than a major and Since 1977, he said, the Department of De­ were in the 60's and early 70's. But if we fail sustained effort in the marketplace of ideas. fense has maintained that this country to argue our case effectively, economic ero­ As Judge Learned Hand noted, "Words are should have the capability to call up 100,000 sion in the U.S. will continue and public not only the keys to persuasion but the trig­ recruits within 60 days with some recruits confidence and faith in America's future gers of action." feporting for duty within a month.e will decline. I believe this is a top management con­ It is the 'challenge of the business commu-· cern. Speaking out is a constitutional right nity to help channel growing public discon­ under the First Amendment and· a duty in GOING PUBLIC FOR PRIVATE tent with U.S. economic performance into our representative democracy. The framers ENTERPRISE constructive action-proposals for greater of our Constitution created a system where capit8.I investment, improved productivity citizens, responsibly, yet aggressively, pursu­ and a return to stable growth . . . concrete ing their self-interest are what determine HON. JACK F. KEMP IJleasures that will restore confidence in .our the public interest. OF NEW YORK system of private enterprise. To succeed we We've been hearing a lot lately about must obtain greater public understanding IN THE HOUSE OF RptRESENTATIVES "special" interests. This tag has been used and active public support. Thus far, our ef­ to suggest that some of us have less. of a Thursday, February 21, 19.80 forts to rally the public have been less than mandate to speak out and exercise our adequate. The challenge to correct this defi­ rights than others. The truth is that social • Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, Willard c. ciency is critical · . . . the need urgent Butcher is going publie for private en: workers as well as bankers ... Common r •• and the task formidable. Witness the Cause as well as the Chamber of terprise, and we should all listen, be­ stakes involved: Commerce ... and~ yes, even Ralph Nader, cause he has some very important Investment capital, the seed com of eco­ all represent "special" interests. nomic growth and our · future prosperity, things to say. In his years at Chase DeTocqueville and other students of our Manhattan Bank, Blll Butcher has­ has been generated in the U.S. at the lowest democracy have marveled at how private, rightly gained fame as a forceful and level in a decade. For the past 10 years, the United States voluntary associations formed by citizens to articulate advocate of the American has had the lowest rate of productivity· advance their interests are a bulwark of our enterprise system. And this ardent de­ growth of any modem industrialized nation. freedom, a fortress against oppression._ f ender of free enterprise has just ac­ Contributing to our productivity lag, gov­ Interestingly, some of the friends of pri­ cepted the challenging position of ernment regulation is costing business over vate enterprise as well as our critics, have chief executive officer for Chase Man-· $100 billion annually. cautioned the business community against active participation in the public policy hattan Bank. Productivity, capital for­ Our record $34 billion balance of trade process. mation, excessive government regula­ deficit in 1978 and a $28 billion deficit this year are tangible signs of our growing de­ Both our proponents and our opponents tion-these are just a few of the sub­ tell us we shouldn't speak out because, in jects Mr. Butcher has become expert pendence on imported energy and .the de­ clining competitiveness of U.S. goods in do­ point of fact, they fear we will be effective. on, and he shares his expertise and mestic as well as foreign markets. Many of our friends tell us we shouldn't keen insight in the eloquent defense Meanwhile, rampaging inflation, · which speak out because we lack credibility. Yet, of private enterprise which follows. I will reach a 13% annual rate in 1979, has only by speaking out will we achieve credi­ commend his fine speech, "Going battered our currency, shattered the retire­ bility. Public for the Private Enterprise ment hopes of countless thousands of I would agree that we are not effective System,'"' to all my colleagues in the Americans and seriously undermined the when our efforts are defensive, apologetic or House and Senate. confidence of Americans in their future, as half-hearted. Reactive or lukewarm market­ The speech follows: well as 'having eroded the capital saved by ing measures are ineffective. It doesn't our parents and grandparents. matter whether your're marlteting an ide~ Dick Leavitt is quite a persuasive fellow. A For two centuries, economic expansion ology or a product or service. few months ago he called and told me about and growth provided increasing numbers of In that context, I thi~k business has done this wonderful forum here in Des Moines. Americans with a better life. Yet, today we a superior job over time in marketing its "Bill," he said, "you're a staunch advocate hear from a number of different sources· products. But we have done an inferior one of our system-right?" that economic growth is unattainable or in marketing ideas. And today we can't I said,"Right." even undesirable. In essence, many Ameri­ afford not to be involved in this "idea mar­ He said, "You like to share your thoughts cans have lost faith in the institutions ketplace." with others-right?" . . . the system . . . and the process that Business must have more than a casual I said, "Right." have generated our prosperity. commitment to the Jdea marketplace. He said, "And you believe strongly in free It is disturbing to see a sizable American Indeed, it seems to me that as individual speech-don't you?" movement that advocates surrender and re­ companies and industries, we have succeed­ I said, "Yes Dick, I do." treat from the major challenges of our day. ed in carving out our own deserved piece of 3518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 the "economic pie." What we must now ad­ ter, Harvey Ingham has said, "Two avenues· the public ·has been shielded from serious dress collectively is preserving. the pie itself. of popularity are open to newspapers. The discussion on many important issues. We must apply the same sophistication, first is to yield, to flatter, to cajole-; The How can the networks, who have a prima­ -discipline, resource commitment and cour­ second is to stand for the right things un­ ry responsibility to courageously probe key age in the marketing of ideas as we apply in flinchingly and win respect." public issues, deny Kaiser Aluminum the the marketing of products. This implies an I must say that the press has not always right to use TV advertising to discuss issues obligation to use all the opinion avenues been as accurate or fair as it might be. For such as energy, bureaµcracy and ·free enter­ open to us in our democracy: example, when the Commerce Depai:tment prise? The networks cited the FCC's fair­ Meetings with the media, customers and earlier this year announced sizable percent­ ness doctrine, wnjch requires that all re­ suppliers, age hikes in corporate · profits, these in­ sponsible viewpoints on a controversial issue _Issue advertising, creases were emblazoned in large and pro­ be represented, as the reason. Ads for politi­ Congressional testimony, trips to campus­ vocative headlines. Yet, 'too often, the un­ cal candidates are seasonal fare on TV. Why es and meetings with community groups, derlying stories failed to mention the reces­ not permit issue .ads? The absence of dia­ Participation in associations such as the sion-level troughs from which profits had logue is as dangerous as blatantly biased Chamber of Commerce, the American En­ recovered or the importance of profits for media. An informed public will be able to terprise Institute, and the National Associ­ growth and productivity. · ferret out fact from opinion and reach its ation of Manufacturers. But is every misguided story the fault of own conclusions. But if spirited debate on In short, participation in the idea market­ the media? important issues is excluded from the place should be a living, breathing part of Clearly not. The fact is business has not media, we encourage ignorance which is the everything we do in our everyday business done all that it can to keep the media in­ greatest enemy of the democratic process. I . lives. formed and accurate. We have been, in would hope, as a matter of public policy, In the past year or two, many large corpo­ many instances, less than forthcoming with this issue would be reexamined. rations have begun to take a more active needed information. And the result, most Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. once sa.id, and visible role in communicating the pri­ often, has worked to our detriment. "The best test of truth is the power of the vate enterprise perspective on a variety of How can we reverse this fact? I believe by thought to get itself accepted in the compe­ critical public issues. This welcome activity accepting, as former AT&T Chairman John tition of the market." We must bring the has -included a number of issue advertising DeButts once put it, "A sufficient openness public into the forefront of the idea market­ campaigns that have generated wide expo­ to l>Ublic inquiry-and a sufficient readiness place. We must openly and vigorously sure and some controversy. I believe the to respond to public challenges." Stated an­ debate ·with our opponents the .critica:I public was surprised and generally pleased other way, in the public arena-we must be issues 1of ,o.w- day. We must stand for free­ to see business step forward to defend, bold not-bland, forceful not fearful, coura­ dom of ·the press but insist on a responsible report and explain its activities and posi­ geous not cowardly. And proactive not reac­ and fair press. We must speak out for the tions. These efforts, although useful, are tive. system that we believe safeguards our free­ only a toe in the water. We will need wider When I travel on business throughout the dom . . . generates our prosperity . . .. and and more sustained efforts. U.S., I make an effort to meet with business provides for the greatest common good. We Small business ~ay not command the and financial writers and editors of the local owe ;it to ourselves and the enterprises we same resources as a Chase or Mobil, but it press. I've found from these visits that the represent. But far more importantly, we plays an equal, or perhaps even more criti­ majority of the business press is conscien­ owe it to ·our children.• cal, role in the public arena. The individual tious and responsible. But they do need in~ entrepreneur enjoys personal contact with formation and that's where you and • can his customers, employees, elected officials play a role. COWBOYS, qOPS, AND KIDS and fellow citizens in his community. This In the same spirit, we can't withdraw and one-to-one exposure is far more difficult for whine over biased reporting. We have a an executive in, a far•flu~g global corpora­ right and obligation to hit back. We must JIM MATTOX tion to achieve.' Opinion polls have shown effectively rebut inaccurate or distorted 01' TEXAS that despite the battering business·in gener­ media· coverage through letters to the al has received, the public holds small busi­ editor, advertisments and other communica­ IN THE HOUSE .OF REPRESENTATIVES ness in higher esteem than nearly any other tions. This encourages dialogue, and causes Thursday, February 21, 1980 American institution. The independent busi­ reporters to think twice before they commit nessman is the embodiment of the competi­ another distortion. In recent years, the • Mr. MATTOX. Mr, Speaker, there's tive and entrepeneurial spirit of our coun­ media have ·taken a good deal of interest in no question that fear of crime ls one try. Reflecting the esteem in which he is themselves and often an effective rebuttal of tbe main worries of our older citi­ held, the small business executive has to poor journalism generates wider coverage zens:-· Even the younger and .stronger proven to be highly effective in the halls of than a stand-alone business communication. of us are not immune to being at­ Congress, particularly in concert with orga­ Communicating the case for private enter­ .tacked in the street, or to having our nizations such as the National Federation of prise in the electronic media is a far more homes burglarized. A Gallup poll in Independent Businessmen. Excellent exam­ difficult task. However, I think it's a ples were the successful efforts of the healthy sign that all three major networks November reported that 1 in 5 house­ N.F.I.B. to defeat the consumer agency and have added bona fide business reporters to. holds in the country had been affected their ·continuing efforts to promote tax. their staffs. · by crime in tlle past year, either reform that would encourage capital forma- 'It's difficult though to articulate the com­ through robbery or the assault of a tion. · plex workings of our economic system family member. The Gallup .poll also By lending support to the N.F.I.B., the within the brief flashes of TV and radio revealed that 4 out of 10 Americans Chamber, the American Productivity Center newscasts. At the same time, glib and glam­ are .afraid to walk alone at night in and other private enterprise groups, we not orous spokespeople for the left have often their neighborhoods. · only enhance our lobbying efforts but we succeeded in capturing the greatest share of is help provide platforms for some of the out­ attention while most business ex~cu~ives The percentage nf this .crime .that standing advocates of private enterprise-in­ haven't yet mastered the nece.ssary tech­ committed by juveniles is alarming. dividuals such as former Fed Chief Arthur niques. But the news is not a:ll bad. In my area Burns, scholar Irving Kristo! and academi­ But I think we must find new and better the police and the Kiwanis clubs have cian Jack Grayson who, when accorded the ways to use radio and TV to communicate joined to create a very positive pro­ necessary exposure, ·are every bit as effec­ our position. Effectively communicating in gram designed to prevent juvenile. tive as our most articulate critics. the electronic media requires preparation, crime, and I think .it's worth sharing. Also the media are important for promot­ experienc~ and agreement over fair ground ing public understanding and support of pri­ rules. It is not easy going before a camera As a former assistant district attorney vate enterprise. and not all of us may be well-suited to it. and criminal prosecutor in Dallas, I'm ';['he media have a major role in reporting But it must be done, profes&'tonally and on a a strong supporter of the officer on and explaining the dynamics of our econo­ regular basis. the peat. He's ·underpaid, but he tries my to their audience. This is not a matter of Earlier this year, Cliff Garvin, the Chair­ to do a good job. Often he .finds him­ serving as a mouthpiece or even an advocate man of Exxon appeared on both the Today self in a ·position not unlike many of­ of business. I recognize that one purpose of Show and the Phil Donahue show to discuss ficeholders whose reputations for 'hon­ a newpaper is to "comfort the afflicted and the energy situation. Cliff was concise, ef­ esty and integrity have been tarnished afflict the comfortable." Yet, the outstand­ fective and above all, he reached a large au­ by a few who have abused the public ing newspapers of our nation have always dience of people who may only casually read served as communicators, interpreters and newspapers. ttust. The officers· on the beat that I educators as well as advocates and watch- I believe the networks recognize the diffi­ know are honest, sincere individuals dogs. -- culty in providing accurate and fair cover­ who are dedicated to public service-to One of the founders of the highly-respect­ age of a wide range of viewpoints. Yet it is a greater extent than they are often ed, Pulitzer-prize winning Des Moines Regis- unfortunate that, in the guise of fairness, given credit for. February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3519 The program that the police and the more cards of the same player. We won't try kidney condition. Anyone who has suf­ Kiwanis have 'instituted is descril,>ed in to tell an officer how many cards he can fered from a similar malady knows the excerpts from the Dallas Police ·carry. Only he will know how many kids he that the kidney is a very delicate and comes ·in contact with," Hooten said. News that follow. As yoti will see, it is Cards are not to be distributed to adults. sensitive organ, and that even the an excellent way to build a trusting re­ Normally, · only uniformed police officers · slightest malfunction causes severe lationship between youngsters and the will distribute cards, but during the Cow­ pain; only the regular use of heavY. an­ police. The policeman is seen as a boy's season-Coach Tom Landry and sever­ esthetics would permit one to retain friend, not someone to fear, through al members of the team have expressed an one's sanity. Yet the. inmate Fedorov the simple human contact encouraged interest in distn1mting cards at public ap­ was refused any medical care, and was by the program. Those who started it pearances where large numbers of children not granted leave from the grueling and who are carrying it out deserve are present. "The Kiwanis are fa the process of setting prison routine. The pain was. so great our compliments. I'm proud of what Up a· 'Cowboys, Cops and Kids' .non-profit that Fedorov grew desperate; in an they've accomplished' and pleased to organization to be headed by Coach Landry. effort to gain entree to the hospital, share this with you: The organization will coordinate and con­ he sliced off his·· finger. He was ad­ The Dallas Police Department ·has a new trol the distribution of cards throughout mitted to a facility shortly after, de­ and exciting plan for making friends with T.exas and Oklahoma, should interest con­ children, and passing along crime preven­ tinue to spread," Garner said. spite the 'reluctance of prison officials. tion and safety tips at the same time. "The Southland Corporation has asked to Fedorov's hospital stay was a short "Cowboys, Cops and Kids" is the result of be allowed to display posters in area 7- one. His receipt of a package of per­ months of work by members of the Commu­ Eleven stores, picturing officers passing out sonal items sent by his mother so in­ nity Services Division's Crime Prevention cards to 'kids;'' Garner added. "They are also Section, the Dallas Cowboy Weekly Maga­ considering printing the same crime preven­ censed the hospital authorities that he zine and Kiwanis Clubs in North Texas, all . tion and safety tips on milk cartons." was not pernil.tteci time to recuperate, for the purpose of developing positive rela­ Two months .after kickoff of the trading and was immediately sent back to tionships ·between children and officers. card program, Garner says the demand is as .work at the camp. It is not known Uniformed officers this week began pass­ great as ever. whether Fedorov was able to survive ing out Dallas Cowboy player cards to chil­ "We~re into our third-million printing," the new ordeal. dren 6-13 years oid, featuring pictures of Garner said. "and orders are still coming in. Dallas Cowboy football team members on We have orders for 105,000 cards we can't Aleksei Tichi, a devoted member of one side, and an NFL football rule and cor­ fill until the next million comes from the the Helsinki monitoring grpup, is a responding crime prevention tip or safety ·printer." fell ow inmate of Fedorov's. He has tip on the back. Printing costs for the program are reim­ ResponS1ole for ·distributing more than bursed by_ · local Kiwanis clubs, in cities long suffered from a very painful one million cards to law enforcement agen­ where police agencies are participating, to ulcer; like Fedorov, lie was denied cies in the North Texas area, including North Texas Kiwanians. treatment. In one instance, while the DPD, are Officers Dave Hooten and Ted "We've been .extremely lucky to have re­ entire population of the prison looked Garner of the Crime Prevention Section. ceived free shipping for all out-of-town on in disbelief, Tichi was forced to per­ "After we learned how successful a similar orders," he continued. "Central Freight form strenuous calisthenics while reel­ program had been ·in Portland, Ore.. with Lines, Mistletoe and Merchants Fast the Trailblazers ·basketball team, we decided Freight have snipped cards all over Texas ing in pain. Unable to continue, the to implement the idea in the Dallas area,'' and Oklahoma free of charge.'' delirious man collapsed; the guards Hooten said. ..Cowboys, Cops and Kids' is about the continued to beat him while he lay Portland's program and a similar plan in best way we've ever heard of for police offi­ senseless on the ground.

Seattle with the Super Sonics 1have brought cers and children to meet each police officers in contact with thousands of other . . . for kids to see that police officers Perhaps most unnerving of all is the children in a more positive way than had can really be their friends. And the crime case of an unnamed inmate who could ever been reported in either -city. About prevention tip on the back of each card with tolerate the routine of punishment no 24,000 cards were distributed in one day the NFL football ·rule adds to the lasting im­ longer. Eager to gain some sort of free­ alone at a Super Sonics victory parade in portance :of the cards," Garner said. dom, he doused himself with gasoline Seattle. The trading card program may soon and set himself ablaze; the camp Garland Officer Lar.ry Rollins learned of spread to other areas of the country, thanks the success of the Portland· and Seattle to the recent conference in Dallas of the In­ guards were more than willing to let plans .and sold Kiwanis officials on a loeal ternational Association of Chiefs of Police. him have his way, ~ they permitted program.using Cowboy players. Community Services personnel have re• the flame to slowly extinguish itself. "Leaders from Dallas-area Kiwanis clubs ceived a flood of inquiries from · IACP dele-· approached the Cowboys, who realty Jiked gates asking how similar programs may be Has humanity not learned the lesson the concept, and who were very interested started in their cities.e of the past? How can we persist in in police and kids .developing a better .rela­ paying mere lipservice to the cries of tionship," Hooten.said. the inmates of Sosnovka and similar "With the endorsement ·Of the Co:wboys, BRUTAL MISTREATMENT OF camps throughout the Soviet Union? the Kiwanis had .the green light to go on SOVIET PRISONERS OF CON­ Anyone professing a sense of morality with their fund-raising to finance the first SCIENCE printing of the cards," Garner said. should be outraged to the point of "The success of the Portland program­ action. The courage of those. men­ the tremendous and continuing demand for HON. LESTER L. WOLFF tioned is unmatched; life for them is a the· cards from uniformed officers-has OF NEW YORK perpetual and unrelenting struggle shown that a positive relationship between IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES against insurmountable odds for the police and children can develop," Hooten said. "We · are aiming for the same .success .Thursday, February 21, 1980 values which they hold dear. We as Americans share those values: The here in Dallas." • Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I wa~ ap­ Under "Cowboys, Cops and Kids" guide­ palled to learn of several instances of ideals of free expression, free exercise lines established for both officers and other brutal mistreatment of Soviet prison­ of political prerogative, freedom from participating agencies, only those in uni­ arbitrary harassment. I appeal to my form will carry cards. Children must ask of­ ers of conscience presently detained in forced labor camps. The gruesome and colleagues in Congress and to the ficers for cards. American people not to soften their Only one card per child, per contact, will horrifying story was related .. to me by encouragement of the dissident move­ be distributed. "This way~ kids will ·have a the Long Island Committee for Soviet reason to' contact the officers again and Jewry~ a group which has done admi­ ment. In light of the revelations which again to complete a set," Garner said. rable work on behalf of the oppressed I present to you today, we have no al­ Cards will be available at all division sta­ thousands of Soviet Jews. ternatlve but to continue our impas­ tions, for easy disbursement to Dallas offi­ I was told that the incidents took sioned outcry to the Government cers and for participating agencies running which sees fit to condone atrocities in low on cards. place in Prison Camp Utch Zhkh in "Each officer will carry the card of only Sosnovka, Mordovia Soviet Socialist our time; the Soviets must know that one player at a time. When he has passed Republic. Yuri Fedorov, one of several their policies will be continuously con­ out all the cards of that one player, he can prosecuted in the infamous Leningrad demned by the powerful and omni­ either choose another player or pick up trials, has suffered from an acute present voice of humanity.e 3520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 ENERGY TAX CREDITS $2,266 in the South and $2,497 in the West. investments in conservation. All of the cred­ Given the overall slower growth rate of em­ its summarized above have great potential ployment and other indications of economic benefit for the Northeast and Midwest. The HON. BOB EDGAR distress in the region, these energy patterns technologies for these systems have been OF PENNSYLVANIA contribute to a serious and growing regional proven, and allowing them a tax credit will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES imbalance. Accordingly, it is in the interest serve to boost the usage of these types of of the Northeast-Midwest region to insure equipment. These credits will provide great­ Thursday, February 21, 1980 that government incentives for energy con­ er incentive for those who otherwise would •Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I would servation and production from renewable not consider solar housing, or other renewa­ like to include in the RECORD a study energy resources are funded from revenues bles. done by the Northeast-Midwest Con­ generated by the Windfall Profits Tax. BUSINESS TAX CREDITS gressional Coalition on the importance It should be noted that the transportation The Senate bill provides many new and in­ trust fund was eliminated from the Wind­ creased business tax credits for energy-con­ of including residential and commer­ fall Profits Tax on the Senate floor. This cial energy tax credit provisions in the serving equipment, and also for alternative represented a serious loss to the region, energy production. The bill would increase windfall profits tax legislation. This where the potential for reduction in gaso­ from 10 percent to 20 percent the credits for analysis. is especially timely in light of line usage through improved public trans­ solar, wind, geothermal, ocean thermal, and today's debate on a motion to instruct portation is substantial. It is crucial that biomass energy equipment. It prnvides a 10 the House conferees on the windfall the residential and business tax credits are percent credit for smail-scale hydropower profits tax bill to accept Senate not substantially reduced in conference. equiment, certain congeneration equipment, amendments providing these credits. SUMMARY heat pumps, and equipment which uses coke The analysis follows: Without strong tax incentives for conser­ or pitch as a fuel. Also given a 10 percent credit under the Senate's version would be Issu~ vation and the use of renewable energy re­ sources, Windfall Profits Tax revenues will wind deflectors for trucks, new electric vehi­ Representative Norm D'Amours cles, some intercity buses, and vans which· is planning to offer a motion to instruct not ease the burden of oil decontrol on cold­ weather states. Current estimates show that would be used for carpooling purposes. The House conferees on the Windfall Profits conservation could reduce consumption by 10 percent credit. for synthetic fuels pro­ Tax Bill today to recede and 30 .to 40 percent, the equivalent of all im­ duced from wood biomass, steam from agri­ concur in Senate .amendments providing ported oil. Solar and other renewable re­ cultural by-products, oil from shale and tar residential and business tax credits for sources could provide up to 20 percent of sands, and· other hard to produce oil. The energy conservation and alternative energy our nation's energy needs by the year 2000. Senate bill also allows many of these facili­ sources. The resolution would instruct ties to be financed by tax-exempt bonds. House conferees to support the proposed The Northeast-Midwest region has begun to pay and will continue to pay the price of Any incentive which encolirages conserva­ credits without requiring them to approve tion is to the region's benefit, as it stands to every tax credit in the Senate version. decontrol through · increased oil costs. Twelve million of the estimated 16 million gain substantially more than other regions BACKGROUND households heating with fuel oil are in the by decreased fuel usage. The credits for al­ The Windfall Profits Tax was designed to region. The agricultural areas of the region ternative fuels, such as solar, biomass and prevent oil companies · from reaping the which produce 53 percent.of the nation's ag­ geothermal, are also a boost to the North­ benefits of decontrol at the expense of con­ ricultural residuals, 61 percent of the grains, east and Midwest, which depend more heav­ sumers, who have no control over the world and 27 percent of the wood, face rapidly in­ ily upon oil and other conventional energy price of the oil they buy. The Senate ver­ creasing costs of pesticides, herbicides, fer­ sources: Solar and biomass, in particular, sion of the Windfall Profts Tax earmarks tilizers. and fuel. If tax credits designed to are ·of great interest to the region. Current part of the revenues for energy ·credits smooth this natfon's transitfon from depend­ estimates show that conservation could which are viewed as an effective way to ence on foreig_n oil to domestic production reduce energy consumption by 30 to 40 per­ reduce consumption and ease a transition to are substantially cut, the nation and our cent. Solar could. produce 20 percent of our proven alternative energy technologies. The region will lose an effective tool to achieve nation's energy needs by the year 2000. The Senate has recognized that tax incentives national goals. · tax credits would provide a great push toward that goal.e encourage conservation and promote the For further information on the use of rev­ use of renewable resources. Under · the enues from . the Windfall Profits Tax, see Senate version, homeowners and landlords the Northe.ast-Midwest Institute's "Region­ would receive approximately $8. 7 billion in al Analysis of the Windfall Profits Tax Bill; GREEN CITES ANDERSON credits for investments in solar panels, more Regional Energy Impact Brief No. 8," and URBAN POLICY efficient furnaces, wood-burning stoves, "Synthetic Fuel and Alternative Energy windmills, and the like. Business energy Production Neighborhood empower­ residents increased leverage with the admin­ programs to develop rese~ch into the ment; <2> small business revitalization; <3> istrators of the programs, and it would means of waste recycling that can involve environmental improvements; and, C4> en­ gradually change the role of the federal broad participation by city dwellers. local terprise zones. government from the sustainer of a small merchants, and inclusion of private enter­ Neighborhood empowerment: An anomaly number of increasingly bureaucratized and centrally controlled programs into an inves­ prise recycling under the energy entitle­ that has existed since Great Society days is ments program. the federally funded neighborhood or com­ tor in a much larger nlimber of self-help ef­ munity development organization. Some of forts controlled on the local level and sus­ A revision of EPA technical assistance­ these groups have made exemplary use of tained through increased local participa­ programs to include participation of profes­ their funding, have spurred housing reha­ tion. As this process unfolded, however, I sionally skilled community-based and Pri· bilitation, have generated numerous jobs, would -be very careful to ensure that · on­ vate enterprise recyclers who have contrib· ·and have created a sense of momentum in going programs serving a useful local need uted to the practical development of materi­ disadvantaged communities. Yet other and genui9ely desired by local communities als recycling over the past decade. groups have been able merely to use their would not be arbitrarily terminated. Some Enterprise zones: The concept of Enter­ federal funding to create local minigovern­ programs in this category might well have prise Zones was advanced in 1978 by Sir ment monopolies, jealous of their own sov­ to remain federally funded for a protracted Geoffrey Howe, Britain's present Chancel­ ereignty, which spend much of their effort .. period should local funds not develop as ex­ lor 'Of the Exchequer. Under this concept warding off perceived threats of competing pected. The purpose of these proposals is certain very d,epressed areas, such as the organizations to usurp their access to feder­ not to malign programs but gradually to South Bronx, can be given a special status al funding. .shift their funding and. control basis to the under which businesses located within their To some degree it is also inevitable that local level while encouraging new self-help_ initiatives to be developed. · boundaries are exempt from a wide range of the focus of federally funded neighborhood laws and regulations. improvement groups will shift to satiSfying Small business development: A thriving the source of federal funds rather than the small business sector can have a rejuvenat­ In the American context I propose enter­ neighborhood residents themselves. Recipi­ ing effect upon an entire cominunity. Local prise zones on an experimental basis. Such ent organizations, dependent not on the entrepreneurs are likely to have much zones would not be exempt from -0ur basic contributions of their own members, but :closer roots in the community than are the safety laws, civil rights laws or our environ­ rather on open-ended funding from the fed­ officials of large absentee-owned corpora­ mental laws. Nevertheless, a wide range of eral treasury, are likely to.acquire top heavy tions. Small businesses make a significant potential . exemptions could still be . ex­ bureaucracies with their own momentum economic contribution to the health of a tended, for example, exemptions from busi­ and agenda, that are not responsive to local neighborhood and to a city's tax base. The ness reporting requirements. from some as­ needs and that represent a very ineffective small businessman can also provide leader­ ship for a whole range of civic and neigh­ pects of wage laws and from certain licens­ expenditure of money. ing laws. Moreover, the enormous discretion which borhood improvement activities. Small ·busi­ federal administrators have in-parceling out nesses, however, have generally been severe­ Under such a concept a locality could des­ funds to only a few neighborhood groups of ly squeezed by inflation because they ignate a given area, such as the South the thousands which desire such funding is cannot pa.Ss cost increases along to their Bronx, as a potential enterprise zone and an open invitatf.on to abuse by both admin­ customers as readily as large corporations set within the framework of the federal au­ istrators and politicians alike. Also, neigh­ can which have a powerful market position. thorizing legislation certain conditions for borhood improvement and other develop­ Business financing has also become prohibi­ exemption from federal or municipal re­ ment groups in economically disadvantaged tively expensive or unavailable in many strictions. Then voters within the affected communities may be particularly suscepti­ areas. Small businesses can also become vic­ area would vote by referendum. If sixty per­ ble· to political manipulation in support of tims of "red-lining." I propose: cent of the voters approved, then the enter­ an iricumbent President. To amend the Internal Revenue Code to priSe zone would be instituted for a period To deal with these problems and to pro­ permit under certain circumstances the de­ of perhaps five years subject to review by vide a significant new impetus to neighbor­ ferral of taxes on capital gains when the the voters shortly before the expiratidn hood of self-renewal, and empowerment, I proceeds are invested in a small or medium­ date. propose: sized business. The institution of a neighborhood im­ The vigorous enforcement of Public Law The enterprise zone proposal would en­ provement: tax credit. A taxpayer would be 95-507 requiring that major federal contrac­ counter numerous problems in formulation provided with an eighty percent tax credit tors include sinall businesses and minority and application, but it has a real potential on the first fifty dollars of his contribution businesses in their subcontracting. to extend to depressed areas of the United to a neighborhood improvement group. This Streamlining federal contract payment States some of the benefits that free zones proposal would provide significant infu­ ment. suggest New Yorkers consider such a pro­ sions ' of resources into potentially thou­ Refashioning SBA business assistance pro­ posal as one means of addressing the severe sands of neighborhood improvement groups. grams to better focus assistance to promis­ problems of.the South Bronx. These organizations would ultimately be ac­ ing neighborhood commercial revitalization countable to their constituencies because initiatives. CONCLUSION they could not expect to reap contributions Depoliticizing and opening entry into the if they failed to serve the needs of neighbor- SBA's 8Ca> minority procurement program. ·.This paper does not pretend to be exhaus­ hoods. , Environmental Improvements. Our cities tive, as there are many other vital aspects to The provision of federal matching money will never achieve greater independence as a program to encourage the self-renewal of to local neighborhood improvement groups long as they continue to export massive ex­ our cities such as improved mass tnnsit, in designated poverty areas . In some energy-efficient policy, then, is to encourage themselves the subjects of other position circumstances the federal government communities to take measures to retain those dollars their community. papers. There are also many creative initia­ would match on a basis of up to 4 for 1 rn tives which will be the function of state and funds raised at the local level either directly Concerted efforts by all levels of govern~ from citizens or from private charitable and ment to make better use of our housing re­ local action, rather than of Pl-esidential civic organizations. sources and our existing municipal physical leadership. A much greater emphasis on the "seed .plant can also be matched by more inge­ The proposals in this .paper do, however, money" approach for any· new federally nious efforts at energy conservation. Local provide an indication of the sharp break funded community development programs. communities may choose, as many New Eng­ from the dogmas of the past that I believe Increasingly such programs would be ex­ land towns and cities already have done, to are needed if American city dwellers are to pected to have a five-year funding cycle to adopt mandatory source separation -0rdi- · become masters of their own destiny. The get established and to find local sources of nances. Relatively small efforts by individ­ course will not be easy but neither will our support during their five-year trial period. uals to separate trash early in the recycling future if we fail to face the need for This provision, as with the review provisions process can reduce dramatically the costs of change.e 3522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 UPPER MERION CITIZEN SETS the father of two, and the grandfather ratories, as it determines the extent of ENVIABLE RECORD IN SERVING of three. I am sure h.is family is proud access to medical care, as ft controls, COMMUNITY of Ooky Horrocks many -contributions through the power of its purse, that part of the income of educational and welfare insti­ to and work for the community he tutions which decisively shapes their HON. LAWRENCE COlJGHLIN loves. growth and character.••. The heart of the OF PENNSYLVANIA I extend my co~gratulatlons to him difficulty is that there is a fundamental im­ for living so rich and rewarding a life, balance in the position of the two parties. IN THE HOlJSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for being a warm and dedicated family Individual private organizations on the Thursday, February 21, 1980 man, and for sharing with the people whole are more dependent upon govern­ e Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, at a of his community his many talents ment than government is upon them. They and devoted labor.e tend as a result to be outgunned in specific time when personal concerns seem negotiations, overpowered in closed-door. overwhelming ~ so many citizens, I policy disputes, and generally.smothered in am pleased to bring to my colleagues ·NONPROFIT PRIVATE SECTOR the governmental mass. attention the record of outstanding THE SITUATION OF PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION community service compiled by a resi­ HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER American higher education with massive dent of my congressional district. government assistance was a major growth Wilfred "Ooky" Horrocks, of Upper 01' VIRGINIA industry in the 1950's and 1960's. That Merion Township, Pa., will be honored IN THE HOUSE.OF REPRESENTATIVES period has left it bigger and fairer than ever this Friday evening at a testimonial Thursday, February 21, 1980 before; but ft has also left it far more de- dinner dance. This tribute by his . pendent on Washington than ever before, fell ow citizens comes as no surprise to • Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker. I have more subject 'to its direction, more entan­ those who know what Ooky Horrocks long mafutained an interest in the via­ gled in its procedures. The system has bility of the nonprofit private sector become more exploited in the sense that it. has done in the fields of civic, govern­ is now increasingly employed. as an instru­ mental, and political endeavor. -He al­ of our economy. As part of this effort, I, along with Congressman CONABLE, mentality for the achievement of various ready has been honored by the Penn­ noneducational purposes-economic, envi­ sylvania House of Representatives, has have introduced H.R. 1785, which ronmental, military, and social; more cen­ received the Kiwanis International would increase the tax incentives for tralized in its decision-making, particularly Award for Achievement, .and has been support bf this. sector through volun­ at the state level; and more governmental­ commended by the Upper Merion tary contributions. ized in the sense that·the public sector has Township Board of SUpervisors. In conjunction with this legislative . become preponderant. • • • If higher educa­ in effort, 1 believe that it is important to tion is not able to deal with the task of man­ Born Bridgeport, adjoining Upper aging the decline coming in the 1980's and Merion. on Columbus Day in 1909, emphasize the need for congressional action. The following excerpts from 1990's with greater skill and forehandedness Ooky Horrocks and his family moved than it handled the growth problems of to Upper Merion Township 4 years "The Endangered Sector," by Walde­ recent decades, one of the tnomentous con­ later. For 57 years, he has been an mar A. Nielsen, do this In a concise sequences may well be · the devitalization active and dedicated citizen in every and expert manner. I commend my and possibly the liquidation of a good part sense of those words. colleagues attention to his remarks: of private higher education and thereby the Ooky Horrocks organized the Upper SELECTED ExCERPTS FROM THE ENDANGERED duality of the American system. SECTOR . Merion student loan fund in 1953 and THE SITUATION OF B~SIC SCIENCE served as its chairman for 8 years. He

that of medicine and health services· is the ·PROBLEl'COF GOVERNMENT INTRUSION AND shevik conscription: But this Russian na­ control of excess-~~ce~~Jve .. hospita1iz~tion. HARASSMENT , tional resistance to Communism received excessive resort ·to 'drugs and surgery~· and A considerable body of unhappy national scant support from the Western powers. especially . exces5ive . ·increase. in experience suggests that ·if and when an­ The most fantastically rosy notions about costs . . . For a . crucial quader ·century be­ other period of internal social tension and the Communist regime circulated in the tween the two world wars, nonevolution was concern about external military threats West, and so-called progressive public opin­ its most prominent and troubling character­ recu~-as it very possibly might:__all the ion greeted it with joy, in spite of the fact istic; but for most of the past 40 years, it powerful pressures for governmental law­ that by 1921. 30 Russian provinces were un­ has been in the process of extraordinarily lessness and \he suppression of dissent will dergoing a Cambodia-like genocide. trance of public funds has now thrown the ly the focus of such governmental acts of in­ The Western powers vied with one another system into a new crisis which turns on the trusion and intimidation. to give economic and diplomatic support to question, qnce government intervention is PROSPECTS the Soviet regime, which could not have sur­ accepted, of how it should best intervene to . The parallel existence of great hope in­ vived ·without this aid. Europe took no achieve efficiency as well as equity and to and hopelessness about-government is the notice of the fact that some 6 million people ensure freedom as well as access. central political fact of American democracy in the Ukraine and the Kuban River basin had died of hunger~ THE SOCIAL ACTION MOVEMENTS toda.y .•. If we are now to move from criti­ cism to construction-to the development of In 1941, the worth of this much-touted Social action movements by defiriltion are a' modified and more satisfactory successor regime became apparent to the world; from gadflJes on the rump of the great beast. of to the present form of the welfare state­ the Baltic to the Black Sea the Red Army the Establishment. ·It is not to be expected three of its central dilemmas must be re­ retreated as if swept away by the wind. in therefore that they would be embraced and solved: First, the dilemma of uruimited de­ spite of its numerical superiority and Its ex­ assisted by those governmental and private mands and limited resources; second, the di­ cellent artillery. There wa.S no precedent for institutions whose objectives, procedures, lemma of the need to improve the.efficiency such a rout in a thousand years of Russian and behavior they seek to change. Nor have · and effectiveness of government programs history and, indeed, in all military history. they been ...• That they have flourished and at the same time to reduce governmen­ In the first few months of the war, some 3 in recent years ts a remarkable tribute to tal oppressiveness; third, the dilemma of million soldiers had f8.llen into enemy their esprit and dedication, for they have pursuing egalitarian democratic objectives hands! Here was a clear statement of our generally had great difficulty in raising without at the same time producing a condi­ people's desire to be rid of Communism. The funds; and the more activist and controver­ tion of civic abjectness and inertia . . . The West could not have failed to understand if sial the group, the more severe its funding Third Sector does not offer a substitute for only it had wanted to see. But in Its near­ problems have been .... On the whole~ the social and humanitarian programs of sightedness, the West held that .the sole they obtain little or nothing from the great the modem welfare stat.e. But it does offer a threat .to tlie world resided In Hitler and established elements of the economi~ means of supplementing and stimulatirtg that his overthrow would end all danger. system, nor from the major mechanisms for them and of lessening some of the most The West did what it could to .help Stalin raising charitable contributions. Corpora­ dangerous fiscal, psychological, and political forcibly· harness Russian nationalism for tions and their philanthropic f oiindations, side-effects of excessive bureaucratization, the Communist cause. And so, in World War with few exceptions, exclude the social­ centralization, and depersonalization of gov­ II. the West defended not freedom in genei·: action movements from their grant-making. ernmentally administered programs.e al but merely freedom for itself. The trade unions, with the exception of the In order to buy Stalin's friendship at the United Automobile Workers and one or two end of the war, the West turned over 1.5 · others, have been a,!most as unhelpful. Like­ SOLZHENITSYN ON COMMUNISM million people who were then in Allied wise, the United Funds ·across the country hands and who did not wish to return to distribute the vast sums they collect almost HON .. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO Stalin's tyranny. Among them were entire exclusively to service institutions of various Russian divisions, Tartar and Caucasian bat­ kinds, not to activist groups . . . Equally se­ OF CALIFORNIA talions, as well as P.O.W.s and forced labor­ rious, the tax system as a whole is of no as­ IN THE HO'{!SE OF REPRESENTATIVES ers numbering in the hundreds of thou­ sistance in enabling them to be self-support­ Thursday, February 21, 1980 sands, including old men, women and chil­ ing through the contributions of their own dren. Stalin ipanipulated Roosevelt with members. Rather, it condemns them to de­ e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, ease, effortlessly assuring himself of control pendence on baronial benefactors. But, to I wish to call to the attention of my over Eastern Europe: .Yalta marked the be­ make the Catch 22 complete, the barOllS colleagues the commentary by Alexan­ ginning of a 35-year streak of American de­ with few exceptions, are indifferent. der Solzhenitsyn which, appeared in feats, only briefly interrupted .Jn Berlin and Korea. (When there was the will to resist, NECESSARY CHANGES IN PUBLIC POLICY Time magazine February 18, 1980. He paints a .harsh picture of _commu­ victory followed.) As I have written on earli­ Government ts a large part of the problem er occasions Cin 1975 in an article entitled of the Third Sector; it can also be a large nism, which should alert us to t:P,e "The Big Losers in the Third World War" part of the solution. It ts the biggest operat­ dangers of · the · Marxist-Leninist .and in the book Wam.ing to the West], the ing factor in fields of interest to private system that too many people seem to entire period from 1945 to 1975 can be nonprofit organizations. It lays down the think can be moderated to accommo· viewed as another world war that was lost rules and regu1ation8 within which they op­ date Western ideals and goals. The evi­ by the West without a battle and in which erate. It ts also a major source of their fund­ dence, according to Solzhenitsyn, some two dozen countries were abandoned ing. Their future, therefore, to a great clearly points out that the invasion of to Communism. extent lies in its hands. The attitudes of Afghanistan is merely the most recent There. are two reasons for this string of government toward the Third Sector, the example of the Soviets desire for capitulations. First is the spiritual impo­ structures and procedures of government tence that comes from living a life of ease; for dealing with it, and the world domination. people are unwilling to risk their comforts. policies of government affecting it are of The commentary follows: Second, and just as important, is the pre­ central importance. Unfortunately, those . SOLZHENITSYN ON COMMUNISM vailing, total inco~prehension of the maiev­ policies as of now are a poisonous mixture The West began its perilous miscalcula­ olent and unyielding nature of Comm.untsm. of benign mdifference and impulsive tion of Communism in 1918: from- the very which ts equally dangerous to every cotlntry. intrusion . . . This whole pattern of un­ beginning the Western powers failed to see The West often seeks an explanation for mindfulness toward the Third Sector must the deadly threat that it represented. In the phenomenon of· 20th century Commu­ be dra.Stically changed. If its___ great potenti- Russia at that time, all previously warring nism in some supposed defects of the Rus· alities for contribution to the national wel­ factions-from the government forces to the sian nation. This is ultimately a racist view. fare are to be realized, the sector must begin Constitutional Democrats and the right­ Flaws are sought every­ object of active protection and affirmative formally allied with these groups, and were where but in Communism itself. Its aggres­ reinforcement by government. It is a fragile not coordinated, thousands of peasant re­ siveness is explained by, for example, Aver­ and vital national resource, and unless ther~ volts and dozens of work.er uprisings reflect­ ell Harriman, in terms of a national dread is such a far-reaching change in the attitude ed the masses' opposition to Communism. A of foreign aggression;-this is said to account of government toward it, it will increasingly Red Army was mobilized by executing tens for the building of a vast arsenal and the be deformed and damaged. of thousands of men who tried to evade Bol- seizing of new countries. 3524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 Western diplomats depend on unsound nosis of the acute infection that is Comrnu- diet . hypotheses that involve supposed "left" and nism: "This malady is not contagious; it is a The Russians make up the bulk of the "right" factions of the Politburo, when, in hereditary Russian disorder." The cure they slaves of the Soviet sta.te. The Russians are reality, all of its members are united in propos,e involves avoiding angering the exhausted; their debilitation is becoming seeking world conquest and are undiscrimi- Brezhnev regime at all costs. Instead, it hereditary; their national consciousness has nating in the means they use. Insofar as must be supported and equipped. They been debased and suppressed. struggles do occur within the Politburo, insist that the ·enemy to be opposed is any Nothing could now be further from the they are pl,ttely personal; they cannot be manifestation of the Russian national con~ heart of the Russian people than a militant used for diplomatic leverage. The average sciousness, when, in reality, it is the only nationalism; the idea of an empire is repul­ Soviet citizen, deprived though he is of in- force that is realistically capable of weaken- sive to them. But the Communist regime formation about the world and of the bene- ing Soviet Communism from within. The watches its slaves carefully and takes spe­ fits of Western Kremlinology, understands case against the Russian national conscious- · cial pains to suppress their non-Communist this perfectly well. Illiterate Afghan herds- ness is systematically being argued by noted consciousness. The result: enormous labor men are equally on target when they bum American academics and Journalists, who camp terms for the proponents of freedom portraits of Marx and Lenin, instead of ac- are using irresponsible aild tendentious data ; the new cupied simply because Leonid Breztmev Soviet Union. arrests of priests, the spiritual teachers of happened to be ailing. Such propaganda is sheer madness and the people ; the destruction of the innocent It grow. It simply cannot behave otherwise. forces of Russian nationalism were betrayed Christian Committee for the Defense for The same is true of Communism; driven by by the West in the Russian civil war and Believers' Rights; the continuing mass im­ a malevolent and irrational instinct for once again in World War II, here is an open prisonment of young Christians; the exile of world domination. it cannot help seizing call to repeat this betrayal yet a third time. Andrei Sakharov. ever more lands. Communism is something This would have ruinous consequences for In expectation of World War III the West new, unprecedented in world history; it is the Russian people and for the other peo- again seeks cover, and finds Comm~ist fruitless ·to seek analogies. All warnings to pies of the U.S;S.R. It would be Just as ruin- China as an ally! This is another betrayal, the West about the pitiless and insatiable ous for the West. Today the Communist not only of Taiwan, but of the entire op­ nature of Communist regimes have proved leadership with its decrepit ideology once pressed Chinese people. Moreover, it is a to .be ln vain because the acceptance of such again dreams of saddling and bridling Rus- mad, suicidal policy: having supplied billion- · a view would be too terrifying. For decades it every national )entity. The American Communism stops only when it encoun­ haa been standard practice to deny reality antiwar movement"'long nurtured the hope ters a wall, even if it is only a wall of re­ by citing "peaceful coexistence," "detente," that in North Viet Nam nationalism and solve. The West, cannot now avoid erecting "the Kremlin leadership's pursuit of peace." . Communism were in harmony, that Com- such a wall in what is already its hour of ex­ Meanwhile Communism envelops country munism seeks the national self-determina- tremity. Meanwhile, however, 20 possible after country and achieves new missile capa- tion of its beloved people. But the grim flo- allies· have fallen to Communism since blllties._.Most amazing is that the Commu- tilla of boats escaping from Viet Nam-even World War II. Meanwhile, Western technol­ nists themselves. have for decades loudly U we count only those that did not sink- ogy has helpe<;l develop the terrifying mili­ proclaimed their· goal of destroying the may have explained to some less ardent tary power of the Communist world. The bourgeois world demonstrates thoughtlessly retreated for 60 years. U.S.S.R. So has the method of exiling an . this even more vividly. Take Poland: the But there is hope. All oppressed peoples entire people into the wilderness 1n the nation prayed for Just a few days with the are on the side of the West: the Russians, sp~e of 24 hours. Pope; only the blind could still fail to distin- the various nationalities of the U.S.S.R., the Communism ·can implement its "ideals" guish the people from Communism. Consid- Chinese and the Cubans. Only by relying on only by destroying the core_and foundation er the ;Hungarian freedom fighters, the- East this alliance Cfl,n the West's strategy suc­ of a nation's life. He who understands this Germans who keep on dying as they try to ceed. Only together with· the oppressed will will not for a minute believe that .Chinese cross the Wall, and the Chinese who plunge the West constitute the decisive force on Communism is more peace-loving than the into shark-infested waters in the hope of earth. This is also a matter of principle, if Soviet variety Cit is simply that its teeth reaching Hong Kong. China conceals its' se- the West is to uphold freedom everywhere have not yet grown), or that Marshal Tito's crets best of all; the West hastens to believe and not merely for itself. brand .is kindly by nature. The latter was that this, at least, is "good, peace-loving" This strategy will obviously entail radical also leavened with blood, and it too consoli· Communism.· Yet the same unbridgeable conceptual changes and the rethinking of dated itS power by mass k111ings, but the abyss, the same hatred separate the Chinese tactic on the part of Western politicians, weak-hearted West preferred not to take regime and the Chinese people. diplomats and military men. any notice in 1943-45. He who understands An identical chasm exists between Com- Five years ago, all my warnings were ig- the nature of Communism will not ask munism and the Russian national conscious- nored by official America. Your leaders are whether the world's aid is reaching the ness. It pains us that the West heedlessly free to ignore my present predictions as starving Cambodians through the good o1· confuses the words Russian and Russia with well. But they too will come true.e fices of the Heng Samrin regime. Of course Soviet and U.S.S.R. To apply the former it does not. It is confiscated for the army words to the latter concepts is tantamount and government. The people can starve. to acknowledging a murderer's right to the VOICE OF DEMOCRACY WINNER Communism needs the whole charade of clothes and identification papers of his detente for only one purpose: to gain addi- victim. It is a thoughtless blunder to consid­ tional strength with the help of Western ft- er the Russians the "ruling nationality" in HON. BRIAN J. DONNELLY nancing and the U.S.S.R. The Russians were the recipi­ OF MASSACHUSETTS Westem technology before it launches its ents, under l,.enin, of the first crushing next large-scale offensive. CommuniSm is blow. They suffered millions of victims IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stronger and more durable than Nazism, it (with the most outstanding killed off selec­ Thursday, February 21, 1980 ts far more sophisticated in its propaganda tively) even before the genocidal collectivi­ and excels at such charades. zation of agriculture. At the same time Rus- e Mr. DONNELLY. .Mr. Speaker, I Commtinism is unregenerate; it will sian history was reviled. Russia's culture would like to call to the attention of always present a mortal danger to mankind. and its church were crushed. Russia's my colleagues the followirig speech It is like an infection in the world's orga- clergy, nobility, IJ1erchants and finally its presented by one of my constituents, nism: it may lle dormant. but it will inevita: peasantry were destroyed. Though the re­ Elizabeth Marie Zullas of the distin­ bly attack with a crippling disease. There is gime's blows fell next on the other nation­ guished city -of Brockton. Miss Zullas no help to be found in the illusion tllat cer- alities, the Russian countryside today has is the Massachusetts winner of the tain countries possess an immunity to Com- the lowest standard of living in the U .S.S.R., munism: any country that is free today can and Russian provincial towns have the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Voice of be reduced to prostration and complete sub- lowest priority in the ·dist:ribuUon of con­ Democracy contest. The optimistic at­ mission. sumer goods. In huge areas of our country, titude expressed in this speech offers Nevertheless, healers frequently turn up there is nothing to eat. and the purchasers us all encouragement as we pursue our to pronounce the following reassuring diag- of U.S. grain do not improve the. people's daily tasks. February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3525 The speech follows: who fought and died to preserve their many The advisory panel cites the poten­ freedoms. MY ROLE IN AMERICA'S FUTURE tial reward of a speedup in the fusion America has given me what I can find no­ In my attempt to discover my role in program. It currently· is scheduled to where else in the world: The freedom of stretch out ·to the year 2010. Dr. America's future, I find that I must first choice. I may choose how I shall be educat­ look into the past of this great nation. ed, and to what extent. I may choose what I Hirsch estimates that a demonstration America has become known throughout will read and what I will believe, what side power reactor could be built by the the world as a nation concerned with the of an issue I will support and what I will say year 1990 and, by 1995, commercially plight of those less fortunate. America h~ to anyone, from the man in the street to the feasible fusion power could be availa­ always given unselfishly of herself in the in­ highest government official. I may choose ble. This would knock nearly 15 years terest of human rights and world peace with how I wish to be governed and by whom. off the present schedule. This switch dignity. · She has in the past given her own And all this nation asks-not demands but in emphasis from basic research to en­ belo.ved sons and daughters that other coun­ asks of me, is that I exercise my freedom of gineering is not the thunderclap kind: tries may live free of the fears of despotism. choice. In the future, it is my duty as an Since her birth, a short two hundred and American to make these choices knowledge­ of breakthrough that many have been four years ago, America has been a shining ably and wisely, and to try to encourage looking for. It is, however, an indica­ beacon beckoning shlps in despair out of the others to do so, in the best interest· of us tion· that we are on the way toward· cold night and into the safety of her vast all.. . utilizing the potential of fusion_power. harbor. Though in her youth, America has The panel notes that fusion power ·already established a tradition of giving to will not come cheaply. It also acknowl­ underprivileged peoples. as well as those HIRSCH PANEL REPORT ON edges that there are many monumen­ who have taken arms against her. FUSION Americans are proud of this tradition, and tal engineering problems to be solved. gratefui for having a nation so powerful but When dealing with temperatures up to .with such humanitarian intentions. I think HON. JOHN J. RHODES 100 million degrees, new ·ways to con­ it is important that I 8.ssume this role, that tain that enormous energy must be I show a concern for those around me; for. OF ARIZONA found. The panel recommends that to me. being an American means living by IN THE HOUSE OF 'REPRESENTATIVES the Tokamak program of magnetic her principles and the ideals she has set for Thursday, February 21, 1980 containment be emphasized as the herself. Therefore, I must become involved route to cutting years off the fusion in many ways and not be discouraged by the e Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, while timetable. thought that I am only one person trying to an energy-anxious world nervously do the work of a thousand. · The cost factor to develop fusion America faces many trials in this day and contemplates division of finite sources power must necessarily escalate as re­ age, but to me the most haunting spectre in from natural deposits-research has search turns from pure science to her midst has been the blanket of apathy been moving · ahead steadily on practical application. Considering the covering too many of her people. Many are fusion-an energy source that could potential, the panel believes that an disheartened by a state of affairs which liberate us from overdependency on accelerated investment now and over they do not consider ideal, but they have dwindlin~ supplies. the next decade or two would, in actu­ made no move to change thcni.·A dangerous We are accustomed to expectations atmosphere of mdifference has been devel­ ality. cut costs by producing fusion oping, bringing a me-first, individualistic at­ of what we call breakthroughs-mo­ electric power on an economically f ea­ titude in its wake. I feel that it is my duty to mentous turning points that open vast sible basis much sooner. The try .to dispell this unhealthy climate by be­ vistas and · solve heretofore insoluble stretched-out program would entail coming well informed and intelligently problems. A recent report by the greater total costs than a successful making the decisions which America has Fusion Advisory Panel of the House stepped-up effort to put fusion power left in my hands. I must make use of the Research and Technology Subcommit­ on the line by the turn of the century. privilege soon to be granted to me, the vote, tee on Energy Research and Produc­ The panel calls for a $1 billion reac­ and do so wisely. tion indicates that we are ready to tor demonstration project. This is no America was founded on the principle turn a significant corner in our quest . that the people are the most important pig in a poke. It .i$ a distinctly reach­ voice in the government, but some of those for fusion energy. It represents a quiet able goal by lsfl~ . Measured against people themselves are nullifying that voice breakthrough-with vast implications the almost limitless potential of fusion by refusing to make it heard. It is beyond for our economy. power, a larger investment by our my comprehension that anyone could un­ Dr. Robert L. Hirsch chairs this 12- Government in fusion seems a wise derestimate the significance of their vote, man panel of distinguished leaders in course. Put simply, practical fusion their liberty to choose who will represent commercial and academic energy utili­ power would make our lakes and them in government. Hundreds and thou­ zation research. In its second report to oceans vast reservoirs of energy. · sands have fought and died to preserve that freedom for us. It is much more than a lofty the subcommittee-Dr. Hirsch has The advisory panel emphatically ideal. Our freedom to choose how we will be called for a stepped-up fusion develop­ urges that the demonstration power­ governed and by whom is a reality, and I ment program. plant not be an end in itself-but be feel it is up to me to exercise that privilege Although fusion has become a designed and engineered as a proto­ to the very best of my ability. To me, that household word only relatively recent­ type pragmatical commercially adapt­ does not mean randomly casting a ballot on ly, its potential has intrigued scientists able plant to produce electric power. election day if I should happen to remem­ for three decades. Since 1958 there One of the advantages of fusion is ber, it means studying 'the issues, t}le prob­ lems, and the solutions offered. It means ac­ has been a worldwide interchange of its minute production of radioactive tively participating in a campaign for a can­ ideas on how to develop fusion-which waste and its safety. Only a tiny didate that I believe in, and. if I feel there is essentially is domesticating Sun supply of fuel would be on hand at need for a change, it means working with, power-duplicating on a small scale any given time, only ,about a second's not protesting against, those who may bring the process used by the Sun to gener­ worth of reacting fuel. The panel ac­ about that change. ate immense and intense heat. Fusio"n ktlowledges that any massive produc­ As I look to America's future, I am opti­ research is no sud~en . thing. It has tion of energy involves environmental mistic, for I see a reverence for principles been going on for 30 years-and now is challenges-and recommends that so­ that was absent for a time. I see a genera­ lutions to these problems be worked tion of youth that is not afraid to know the nearing the results stage. Fusion reac­ problems that we face and to take a stand, tions have been created in the labora­ out as an integral· part of the fusion to stand behind America. We are again tory-so the process is known. development plan. reaching out across the globe, and we are The time has come-Dr. Hirsch The panel's report-as summarized again learning to join hands and work to­ -avers-to switch emphasis from basic by Dr. Hirsch-poses the prospect that gether, especfally fn times of crisis. The physics ·research to an . intense pro­ fusion is much nearer a reality than Americans of the eighties are dispersing gram of engineering-to devise a way ever. It suggests that it is time to turn that annoying cloud of apathy and standing from emphasis on physics to perfec­ up to defend what they feel is right. I am to move fusion· power from the labora­ excited to_be a part of this new energy and tory to the practical powerplant. This tion of the engineering technology concern. searching for new answers while is a significant step, and indicates that needed to harness fusion energy. It be­ respecting ageless traditions. Today's youth the fusion program has made substan- lieves that an adequate investment of is feeling respect and gratitude toward those. tial progress. .. public funds in the near future would 3526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 slash development time-and be, in tal and energy constraints. One of the con­ ponderous, I believe that TSM has been em­ the long run, more economical-by solations of private life is the ability to offer braced by local officials because it was an provocative advice without fear of having to idea whose time had come. I mean by this, bringing the benefits of fusion power act upon it. While the temptation to pontifi­ that TSM came to reflect a set of values and to our Nation a decade or so sooner cate is always strong, I am mindful that concerns which independently gained wide than present plans expect. your Committee, in the exercise of its over-· currency in contemporary America. These The potential is there. Now it is up sight responsibilities, is not interested in ab­ values include the environmental co,nscious­ to the Congress and the American stract philosophy or pie-in-the-sky propos­ ness, the emerging ethic of "urban conserva­ people to get behind this program-to als, but in practical advice. It is in this spirit tion," the growing climate of fiscal restraint bring magnetic fusion into our future. that I propose to share my thoughts with in the public sector, and a newly-found you. awareness that the age of cheap, plentiful As the panel report concludes: "What oil is over. TSM happened to become at is needed to capture this opportunity TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT once an expression of these new values and is a national commitment to pursue (TSM): A CONCEPT IN TUNE WITH ITS TIMES an instrument of their realization. It is, in it.'' . Let me begin with a rather bold state­ other words, a policy fundamentally in tune Fusion represents the very real pos­ ment: We are, I believe, on the threshold of with the times; a concept which, I daresay, sibility of energy independence-pro­ a fundamental change in our approach to would have to be invented if it did not al­ duction of immense amounts of elec­ transportation. For over a century the domi­ ready exist. nant goal of our transportation policy was trical power from an unlimited fuel to build new facilities-first turnpikes and TSM: A TENTATIVE VERDICT AND SOME source-if we are willing to make. canals, then railroads and streetcar lines, RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE fusion a national purpose. We are at and in recent years superhighways, airports So much for the genesis of TSM and its the stage that increased funding has and-to a limited extent-rapid transit sys­ philosophic underpinnings. Let me turn now become a key factor. An inf~sion of tems. Today, for the first time since the to a more practical question: How effective funds now can bring fusion power to middle of the nineteenth century, fiscal con­ has the policy, in fact, been? Has TSM ful­ fruition in this century. That is , a straints are forcing us to lower our sights filled its promise as an instrument of fiscal, great potential. We should not fumble and moderate our infatuation with brick environmental and energy conservation? To it by haggling-or hesitancy·• and mortar. We are coming to realize that answer these questions I find it useful to the transportation infrastructure which we group TSM actions in five categories: have alr~ady put in place represents an <1 >Actions aimed at increasing the people­ TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM enormous and often vastly undet:utilized re­ carrying capacity of· existing roadways MANAGEMENT source which, if managed effectively, could through preferential treatment ·of buses and accommodate our growing transportation other high-occupancy vehicles Actions aimed at making more effi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment -a principle which argues for a cient use of automobiles and other small re-orientation of local and national policies passenger vehicles through various forms of Thursday, February 21, 1980 away from a preoccupation with large-scale ridesharing; e Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I hadthe public works, and toward policies that en­ <3> Actions aimed at reducing non-essen­ opportunity yesterday to sit in on a courage better management and more effi­ tial auto traffic through parking manage­ cient utilization of existing investment. In ment, traffic diversion, auto pricing strate­ hearing conducted by the Oversight short, TSM argues for the proposition that gies, auto-restricted zones, etc.; and Review · Subcommittee of the transportation capacity and urban mobility <4> Actions aimed at influencing the distri­ Public Works and Transportation can be effectively increased without a mas­ bution of trip making over time in order to Committee. The purpose of the hear­ sive expenditure of money, if only sufficient ease pressure on overcrowded transporta­ ing was to examine Federal transpora­ imagination and creativity are exercised in tion facilities Actions aimed at modifying the modal energy needs. Mr. C. Kenneth Orski, ceived official recognition and blessing by split through provision Planning Regulations. Today, five years of improved public transportation service, Fund, and former associate adminis­ later, TSM constitutes an integral part of transit marketing, etc. trator for policy of the Urban Mass Federal transportation policy, is being vigor-, My own judgment is that we are making Transportation Administration, t'esti­ ously promoted by the Department of important strides in implementing the first fied on Transportation System Man­ Transportation, and is widely-though still two types of actions, but have been largely agement, an evolving concept in' trans­ unevenly-practiced at the local level. unsuccessful in regard to the last three portation policy. I include Mr. Orski's As one who was intimately involved in the types. Why? You will note that all three in· testimony in the CONGRESSIONAL development, promulgation and early imple­ volve some form of management of trans­ RECORD for the benefit of my col­ mentation of federal TSM policy, I natural­ portation demand, while the first two in­ ly find its rapid· diffusion and acceptance volve the management of transportation leagues: highly gratifying. Let me hasten -to add, supply. While demand management consti­ PREPARED TESTIMONY OF C. KENNETH 0RSKI, however, that I do not intend these words to tutes in many ways the most inn<>vative and VICE PRESIDENT OF THE GERMAN MARSHALL imply that the TSM requirement has ceased original aspects of TSM, it also happens to FuND OF THE UNITED STATES to be controversial or that the policy has be politically the most controversial, involv­ .MY name is C. Kenneth Orski. I am cur­ been enthusiastically embraced by local of­ ing as it does a form of manipulation of rently Vice President of the German Mar­ ficials everywhere. It has not. I merely travel behavior-something that has been shall Fund of the United States, a private mean to say that the TSM concept has en­ traditionally repugnant to our libertarian U.S. foundation located in Washington D.C. tered the mainstream of transportation spirit. The aim of the Fund is to promote coopera­ thinking. The rationale for TSM has by now What can be done to increase the future tion between the United States and Europe become well understood and accepted-as effectiveness of TSM policy? Let me offer on problems of common concern to Western have most of its techniques. What is more, two suggestions: society. In this sense, our foundation is simi­ the term itself seems to have become a per­ First, I would suggest that we stop viewing lar in goals and in spirit to the Marshall manent part of the transportation planner's TSM as a planning requirement and begin Plan which it is meant to commemorate. and engineer's vocabulary. Most important­ to treat it for what it really is, i.e. a manage­ Prior to joining the Fund in May 1978 I ly, we are beginning to see some signifi­ ment function, Makinii the TSM require­ served for four years in an appointive posi­ cant-though still spotty-results of TSM ment part of the planning regulation tion as Associate Administrator for Policy of implementation. requirement> tion, a tenure, I might add, that spanned of the TSM concept? The cynic would say proved in retrospect to have been a serious three UMTA Administrators and three Sec­ that once TSM became the object of a fed­ error. For in so doing we placed the respon­ retaries of Transportation. In that capacity eral regulation, local authorities had no sibility for TSM. in the Metropolitan Plan­ I participated in the formulation of many of choice but to comply. This, I think, is too ning Organizations-agencies which have no the policies that today govern the UMTA facile an explanation. The Federal Register political clout and no powers of implementa­ program. is replete with rules and regulations which have dictions languished. appeaF before this committee and to testify been given only token compliance. The ex­ I do not wish to denigrate the importance broadly about the future of urban mobility planation for TSM's acceptance lies, I be­ of the MPOs. Long-range, strategic "top­ in an era of growing financial, environmen- lieve, elsewhere. At the risk of sounding down" planning is important in providing February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3527 localities with a blueprint for the distant tively-run commuter buses Qffered on a sub­ tional Task Force on Ridesharing-a group future. But long-range planning has noth- scription basis; employer-organized van­ of influential local government and private ing to do with the management of an exist- pools; door-to-door transportation services sector leaders pledged to the promotion of ing transportation system. The type of ac- - for senior citizens and handicapped persons· shared transportation. Employer-provided tions that TSM calls for-small-scale, low- operated by social service·organizations and shared transportation programs not only cost, incremental improvements in the exist- "Church groups; and various kinds of decen­ have a potential to contribute importantly ing system, improvements whose impact and tralized, neighborhood-oriented transit to the nation's energy conservation efforts, beneficiaries are often confined to the scale services. but also-unlike conventional mass transit­ of a community or even a neighborhood- My favorite model of a decentralized are not a direct burden on the local taxpay~ seem more appropriate to local rather than public transportation system is the "Ride­ ers. regional initiative. Planning institutions at On" service in Ma,ryland's Montgomery ·The same spirit of public/private partner­ the regional level are too far removed-tern- County. The system consists of a fleet of ship does not pervade, I regret to say, the peramentally as well as geographically-to minibuses providing feeder services in sub­ transit -sectOr. Attempts by private opera­ be able to build an effective political consen- urban neighborhoods to the regional Metro­ tors, e.g. taxi companies, to assume a more sus for TSM improvements. Introducing a bus and Metrorail systems, as well as local prominent role in the provision of public residential parking permit pr~gram or orga- circulation service ·during the day within transportation, have generally been greeted nizing a neighborhood transit system-and the suburban centers. Although its routes with ill-disguised antipathy if not with · garnering the necessary political support are closely integrated with the regional downright hostility on the part of many for it-are not the kind of activities at transit system. Ride-On is an independently mass transit operators. While Sections 3 which the staf~s of regiol)al planning agen- run body, responsible to and supported ex­ and 4 of the Urban Mass Tranportation cies typically excel-or, for that matter, for elusively by the citizens of Montgomery Act specifically encourage private. enterprise which they have been trained. And so, I County. Similar locally-sponsored systems, to participate "to the maximum extent fea­ would offer as my first suggestion the often operated under contract by local taxi sible" in local mass transportation pro­ thought that we take the TSM responsibili- companies, are sprouting in suburban com­ grams, this provision of the law is too often ty out of the hands of regional planning munities all over the country. given only lipservice by UMTA officials who agencies and place it squarely where it be- Some officials regard these trends with seem more interested in protecting the mass longs-in the agencies that mana.ge the considerable apprehension, viewing them as transit industry from competition than in urban transportation system: the city and a first step toward a ·subversion of the care­ ensuring the consumer's right to an ade­ county transportation departments, munici- fully nurtured principle of regional integra­ qu·ate choice of services. pal traffic and parking authorities, and tion. But there is no virtue, I submit, in One example or' UMTA's reluctance to transit agencies. Admittedly, this evokes a maintaining the principle of centralized welcome private sector participation in its vastly different cc:>nstruct of the world of management for its own sake, if such an ap­ program is. its celebrated vaccilation about urban transportation than the one that is proach fails to provide a more effective, the issuance of a "paratransit policy." Pub­ conjured up in the planning schools. It is a more responsive and less costly service. It is lished as a proposed rule more than two world involving many actors, each of whom now becoming clear that large, region-wide years ago, and announced several times holds an effective power of veto over TSM public transportation systems are not neces­ since then as "imminent," the policy has yet implementation. It is a world in which sue- sarily more efficient. On the contrary, they to see the light of day. Although the lack of cess is achieved through cooperation, may suffer from important diseconomies of a published policy does not seem to have through shared power and shared responsi- scale, saddled as they are with large over­ stymied the growth of paratransit, its fail~ bilities, and through negotiated compro- beads and large fleets of expensive equip­ ure to appear remains a vivid reminder of mises rather than planning dictates imposed ment. UMTA's ambivalence toward a private from above.. It may be, however, the only Thus, instead.of viewing the recent prolif­ sector role in public transportation. My world in which TSM has any chance to sue- eration of private and community-level second suggestion, therefore, would be to ceed. transportation systems as a threat to the es- send a strong signal to UMTA about the My second suggestion would be to take a tablished metropolitan-wide transit oper­ Congressional intent in regard to private en­ greater account of the po~ential contribu- ations-as many transit officials reflexively terprise involvement, perhaps by amendi.Iig tion of the private sector in TSM implemen- do-a wiser, more forward-looking attitude and strengthening the language in Sections tation. Many TSM initiatives-flexible work might be to acknowledge them as legitimate 3 and 4Ca> of the UMT Act. hours, vanpooling, off-street parking, pedes- complements to line-haul services, and wel­ There remains one other topic which I trian malls, and many others-depend im- come them as partners in the efforts to in· was asked to address, namely the future of portantly on the initiative, support and crease productivity and reduce operating the automobile. However, since I suspect I good will of the private sector. It makes costs-and thus broaden public support for have more than used up my share of the al­ good sense, therefore, to welcome private transit. lotted time, I will not attempt to dwell on enterprise as a partner in the TSM coali- The future I believe will see a rapid this subject at this time. Instead, with your tion. From what can be seen happening growth of th~se privateiy-operated, deeen­ permission, -Mr. Chairman, I would like to aroun~ the country~ pri_vate se~tor involve- tralized public-a more accurate term would submit for the record my remarks before a ment m transport~tion lS growmg any way. be "collective"-transportation services. Un­ NASA symposium, entitled "Urban Trans­ Some 300 companies today support vanpool encumbered by many of the rigidities beset­ portation: A Profile of the Future" in which progr.ams, . while many other a.re expert- ting conventional mass transit -systems, this I offer some speculations about the auto of mentmg with flextime and other transpor- new breed of services will be more adept at the future. These remarks elaborate on a tati?n-related ~ovations. We need to re~- responding flexibility-and more rapidly-to column I contributed to The Washington ogmze and reafflrm the value of these pri- new demands created by increasing fiscal Post, entitled "Cars of the Future,'' a copy vate efforts and encourage them further. and energy constraints. For example, em­ of which I likewise offer for the record. THE CHANGING NATURE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTA- player-provided transportation -to work- This concludes my prepared statement. I TION: FROM MASS TO COLLECTIVE TRANSPOR- long a standard provision of labor ·agr.ee­ want to thank you once again "Tor the privi­ TATION ments in Europe-may in time become an lege of appearing before the Committee. eagerly sought-after fringe benefit in our And now I will be glad to answer any ques­ This leads me directly to my next topic- own collective bargaining sessions. Similar­ the changing nature of public transporta- tions that you and your colleagues may wish tion under the influence of our changing at- ly, the day may come when shopping cen­ to pose.e titudes toward the public sector. ters, amusement parks, resorts and other places not located within easy reach of In recent years our old faith in the virtue public transportation, will begin to offer col- GERO HAHN IS MAN OF THE of government monopoly in provision of lective transportation services in an effort YEAR public services has given way to a feeling to retain their increasingly cost-conscious that competition and the involvement of public. The day may even come when subur­ private enterprise with its more cpnsumer- ban developers will offer collective transpor­ HON. HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK oriented approach, may in fact improve the tation services in an attempt to lure the efficiency and quality of public services as publ.lci into buying homes in distant, auto­ OF NEW JERSEY well as reduce their cost. Similarly, our ear- dependent suburbs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lier belief that public services function best and most efficiently when they are directed NURTURING PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT Thursday, February 21, 1980 from the top," is being challenged by the What can the Congress and DOT do to e Mr. HOLLENBECK. Mr Speaker, demonstrated effectiveness of decentralized, foster the growth of these innovative serv­ on March 15, 1980, the commander locally-operated service delivery systems. ices? First, I would suggest that DOT In the transportation sector, these senti­ embark on a sustained program of wooing and members of the Cpl. Charles M. ments have stimulated a variety of innova­ the private sector to become more involved Wallach Post No. 773, Jewish War Vet­ tive services which bear little resemblance in the provision of collective transportation erans of the U.S.A.. are honoring Mr. to the conventional mass transit services. services. A good example of a constructive Gerd Hahn of New Milford as "Man of The new breed of services include coopera- gesture has been the constitution of the Na- the Year:• 3528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 I wish to join Mr. Hahn's family, and the· rank of captain. Like his associate freedom and the benefits of living in a friends, and fell ow veteran~ in extend­ volunteers on the force, Gerd has democracy for granted, the Hahns are ing my congratulations on this appro­ given many hours to the community, living examples of those who actively priate tribute and my appreciation for assisting the regular police · depart­ show their· love for our country. They the many contributions he has made ment at parades, fires, accidents, continuously sacrifice themselves for to his country and his community. public events, crowd control, and in their fellow Americans-- and are dedi­ Born in Frankfurt, Germany, Gerd other assignments. Some years ago cated to · working to preserve our Na­ Hahn, age 14, and his brother, Larry, when the regular police force was tion's ideals. age 6, were amorig 10 children rescued smaller, he, as well as others, did vol­ The Hahns are the parents of two from the Nazis by Quakers who unteer duty with the regular police, daughters, Mrs. Ellen Berkowitz of brought them to the United States in including car patrols. He inaugurated Hillsdale and Linda, at home. Their December of 1939. Since then, he has a seatbelt publicity campaign as a grandchild-, Adam, is 5 % years old. displayed a fervent love for our coun­ safety factor for motorists, long before t am sure that my colleagues will try and has devoted himself to a life­ the belts became standard safety agree that 'the selection of Mr. Gerd time of service to the Nation and to equipment in cars. Hahn as "Man of the Year" is a fitting the community. The first fund-raising program for a recognition to his long devotion to the The story of Gerd and his wife volunteer police auxiliary in New ideals upon which our Nation was Peggy, who also managed to escape Jersey was also the results of Hahn's founded.• the Nazi holocaust as a child, could be efforts. He was also instrumental in the basis of a dramatic movie sce­ obtaining modem radio communica­ nario-but it is all fact rather than fic­ tions for the New Milford Auxiliary NICARAGUA AFTER SOMOZA tion. Police, prior to CB's becoming popu­ At the age of 13, he was witness to lar. Active in the New Milford Police HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN the infamous "kristal nacht" on No­ Auxiliary turkey shoots fund-raising OF MASSACHUSETTS vember 10, 1938, when organized program each· year, he we.s one of the bands of Nazis destroyed his school, pioneers of the successful paper collec­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES synagogue, and home, and the Gesta­ tion campaigns for the New Milford Thursday, February 21, 1980 po carried his father away to the Bu­ Boy Scouts still conduct. This was e Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, the Spe­ chenwald concentration camp. It was a originally started with the police aux­ cial Central American and· Caribbean night when Jewish homes and syna­ iliary. Gerd had likewise been active in Security Assistance Act is now sched­ gogues were destroyed, set afire and the borough's early blood drives for uled for floor consideration on Friday, vandalized throughout Germany with those in need. November 22, 1980. Because of the tre­ members of families arrested and Gerd and his wife Peggy, who was mendous significance of this legisla­ thrown into concentration camps­ born in Hanover, Germany, were mar­ tion-not only for Nicaragua, but also some never to be seen again. ried in June 1949. At 12 years of age, for the rest of the Third World-I be­ "My father was more fortunate than she fled from the Nazis to Holland. lieve it .is necessary to fully under· others," explains Hahn, whose many When the Nazis started to invade Hol­ stand the implications of the House relatives were brutally murdered in land, she escaped on the last boat that action on the bill. Nazi concentration camps. "In those was permitted to leave the country to During the early part of January early years of the holocaust, my England. The boat floated in the Eng­ 1980, I traveled to Nicaragua to speak father was released from Buchenwald lish Channel for 10 days, before being with members of the Government, the when it was learned that he received permitted to dock and give refuge to church, and others, to gain a first­ the Iron Cross and other distinguished its passengers. During World War II, hand perspective of the new Govern­ awards for heroic service with the Peggy lived in England and Scotland ment's problems and accomplish· German Army in World War I. At a where she worked on farms. Her ments. later date, nothing could have · saved father, too, miraculously escaped Hit­ America magazine, the national my father or any other Jew who ler's ovens and gas chambers. He was Catholic weekly edited by Jesuits, re­ served in the German Armed Forces in one of 300 survivors of the infamous cently published an article which I World War I." Hahn's parents man­ S.S. St. Louis, which no country would wrote upon my return to the United aged to escape to the United States permit to land and was eventually States. I believe that Members may be and were reunited with him and his turned back to Germany. He fled to interested in the findings of the fact­ brother a year later. England, and eventually arrived in the finding mission, and the concl11$ions ·After attending George Washington United States by way of Canada. that I, and those who accompanied High School and Samuel Gompers Vo­ A past president of the New Milford me, have reached. cation High ·school in New York, Jewish Center where he has also The article which appeared in the Hahn volunteered to be· drafted in served on its board of directors and February 9, 1980, issue of America World War II at his 18th birthday. Be­ board of governors for many years. magazine follows: cause he was not yet a citizen, he was Hahn has been the synagogue's volun­ unable to enlist for service in our teer choir director and leader for the NICARAGUA AFTER SOMOZA Armed Forces, but by being drafted, Can the revolutionary Government that past 12 years. A layman, he has been took over Nicaragua after the July 1979 he became a citizen at Fort McClellan, serving for many years as a substitute coup against the hated President Anastasio Ala. He was in the Army for 2 % rabbi and cantor, serving the congre­ Somoza bring forth a stable and democratic years-2 of which was serving with the gation on a volunteer basis in their ab­ state? That was the question I investigated lnfantry and port battalion in Italy. sence. Talented in woodworking, he as a member of a study group, financed by A sales representative.for Innovative has built the Jewish center's succa an­ the Unitarian-Univeralist Service Commit­ Graphics International, a New York nually for 18 years, a framed hut tee, that visited Nicaragua in early January City based typography finn, Hahn and adorned with fruits and vegetables and 1980. My answer is optimistic and hopeful. The his family have been residents of New other greenery reminiscent of harvest junta that followed 43 years of Somoza dic­ Milford for the past 21 years. Since times in ancient Israel. Jews through­ tatorship and a sanguinary 18-month revo­ moving to New Milford, he has become out the world rebuild these replicas lution enjoys almost incredibly widespread totally involved in the community each year, to commemorate the holi­ support. It is open and searching; it candid­ giving freely of his time. money, day of Succoth. ly acknowledges its debt to Cuba and the energy, talents, and service to others. Hahn is a member of the Lt. Louis presence in Nicaragua of hundreds of Cuban This reflects only partially his grati­ Faller Post No. 4290 of the Veterans of teachers. it asserts, sometimes ambiguously, tude and love for our country which that it is neither another Cuba nor another Foreign Wars and the Cpl. Charles M. capitalist Central American country to be gave him refuge and helped him enjoy Wallach, Post No. 773 of the Jewish exploited by American corporations. a new life in freedom and democracy. War Veterans of the United States. The revolution in Nicaragua is unique in Joining the New Milford Auxiliary While many native Americans unfor­ that it appears to be a truly populist revolt Police 21 years ago, Hahn now holds tunately take their rich heritage of inspired to a surprising degree by the February 21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3529 Catholic social activists. Some persons in dition of their receiving aid from CUba and bilee Singers will perform in the Gold Managua c_laim that the new Government in the socialist nations of Eastern Europe. Room .of the Rayburn House Office their country is the first fruit of Medellin On Jan. 14, 1980, Nicaragua was one of 18 Building on Monday, March 3, 1980, at and the cry of Latin America's 300 bishops nations in the General Assembly of the 12 noon. I would like to take this OP­ for a just economic order. Priests and nuns United Nations that abstained from con­ in Nicaragua even suggested that their revo­ demning the Soviet Up.ion for invading Af­ portunity to invite my colleagues in· lution might become the model for Latin ghanistan. That vote will not help Nicara­ the House of Representatives to America. Four priests hold cabinet pr high gua with the U.S. Congress. attend what will be a memorable musi· positions in the new Government: One of One of the impressive developments in the cal experience. them is foreign minister, Father Miguel new Nicaragua is the vibrant campaign to For over a century. the Fisk Univer­ .D'Escoto, a Maryknoll priest trained in the overcome the illiteracy that affects 840,000 sity Jubilee Singers have delighted au­ United States. persons over the age of 10, or 53 percent of diences with the-Ir moving renditions Everything converged happily In Nicara­ the adult population~ The director of this of Negro spirituals. Largely because of. gua to bring about the fall of President program, Rev. Fernando Cardenal, S.J., as­ their performances, the singers popu­ Somoza. He had so little constituency serts that the structures of the Somoza larized such songs as, "Swing Low, toward the end of his rule that his Govern· regime institutionalized illiteracy as a ment and even the army fell before a peo­ method of preventing participation by the Sweet Chariot," "Deep River," "Go ple's crusade organized around the· sayings people in their government. There can be no Down Moses," "De Gospel Train," of Augusto Cesar Sandino, a guerrilla leader economic or human development. without "Little David, Play On Y.our Harp," of the 1920's who was assassinated by a pre­ literacy, Father Cardenal insisted to my "Ezekiel Saw the Wheel," "Standing · vious Somoza government. The murder of group. Indeed, he asserted, the entire future In De Need of Prayer/' and "Nobody the renowned journalist Pedro Joaquin Cha­ of Nicaragua as a democracy depends on the Knows De Troubles I've Seen." morro In January 1978 seems to have been elimination of illiteracy. Heralded by music critics all over the final event needed to solidify the revolu­ Despite the undeniably broad support for tion that had been forming for at least a the new Government of Nicaragua, its the world, the Fisk University Jubilee generation. future is clouded. In El Salvador and Guate­ Singers have established Negro spiri­ Added to all of these elements was the mala, I heard leaders almost tremble in fear tual music as an integral part of the pi;-esence of a united Catholic hierarchy of as they referred to the new "Communist American music culture. They have seven bishops and a few hundred priests and nation" of Nicaragua next door. An invasion added spiritual music to the repertoire nuns, mostly from outside of Nicaragua. of Nicaragua by rightwing elements of Gua­ of music familiar to- all people Working along parallel lines, Catholic social temala and El Salvador is not an impossibil­ throughout the world. . · activists and Cuban publicists united the ity. This would become more possible if Just as they have Influenced the people in their desire to rid themselves of a Nicaragua moves to the left in land reform musical scene, the singers also have tyrannical and corrupt government. and in the nationalization of industry. The near-paranoid fear of Communism that per­ been important to the development of In my talks with bishops, priests and Fisk University in Nashville, Tenn. As nuns, I was regularly surprised but encour­ vades the mentality of those in power in aged at their universal feeling that finally a Latin America seems sometimes to be so you know, Fisk ~ one ·of the 103 Latin American nation had achieved a gov­ powerful that it could erupt in counterrevo­ historically black colleges in this coun­ ernment capable of avoiding that violence lutionary measures against the Sandinistas try. and polarization that seems so endemic to in Nicaragua. In 1871, 5 years after Fisk University societies in South America. One priest told The future of the post-Somoza Govern­ opened its doors, the singers began me that Catholic teachers in Nicaragua had ment will depend in important ways on the their long tradition of musical excel­ fulfilled precisely the February 1979 Puebla attitude of Americans. If the Congress votes down the $75 million, a deep-seated resent­ lence. Initially. the funds and contri­ mandate of the Latin American bishops: butions they received as a result of "We ask all Christians to collaborate in the ment against America present everywhere changing of unjust structures. . . . " At a in Central America will surge. The people of concerts went directly toward keeping Mass on Epiphany, which I concelebrated, Nicaragua feel that the Somoza regime the institution open. Once the univer­ the pastor, in his homily, compared the rev­ could never have survived for more than 40 sity was firmly ·established as an insti­ olutionaries of Nicaragua with the Magi be­ years without substantial U.S. support. In tution of higher education, the money cause both, he said, searched for and found their more bitter moments, the people of the singers acquired was used to the truth. Nicaragua demand restitution; in their more realistic moods, they want a continuation of expand the university's academic cur­ The bishops of Nicaragua have issued two that aid which, after the 1976 earthquake, riculum. Accordingly, Fisk University pastorals since the change of government In the Congress gave somewhat generously. A has a proud tradition of musical and July. Both letters are carefully nuanced in reversal of that policy, brought about possi­ academic excellence. their qualified endorsement of Christian so­ bly by the antidetente mood following the cialism. Both. messages condemn Commu­ The Fisk Jubilee Singers impact has invasion of Afghanistan, would surely be been felt literally all over the world. nism and the abuses of capitalism. Both of looked upon as unjust. the widely discussed statements make it Starting initially with a .performance The priests and nuns of Nicaragua ex­ in Oberlin, Ohio, the group through clear that Catholic should support the new pressed to me in several ways their desire Government and not undermine it by any for solidarity and support from American the years has performed in many dif· unreasonable fear of Communist influences. Catholics. They are proud of the liberation f erent countries. But the buoyancy in Nicaragua over the they helped to bring to Nicaragua. They In recent concert tours, the singers new Government is restrained by the know1-· want the new Government to flourish. But have appeared in Nassau Bahamas edge of its enormous problems. Up to 50,000 this is simply not possible without the good under the patronage of His Excellency of Nicaragua's most educated citizens may will of the United States. The Catholic lead­ the Governor and the American have left the country, its external debt is gi­ ers of Nicaragua want the American Catho­ Consul General. Additionally, the gantic, its agricultural produce is sharply lic community to educate the country and singers have given a command per­ off as a result of ·the civil war, and other na­ to lobby the Con~ess about the urgent tions are hesitant about investing in a coun­ needs of Nicaragua. They made a direct, formance for Her Royal Highness, try whose government is still on probation. ·simple and prayerful plea. America's re­ Princ·ess Irene of Greece during her The U.S. Congress will have to decide in sponse may well have an enormous impact visit to the United States. Because of the near future whether it desires to give on the future of Christian democracy and their widespread notoriety, they are Nicaragua the $75 million in economic as­ social justice in Latin America.e often referred to as the "Ambassadors sistance strongly recommended by the of Fisk University.'' Carter Administration. The vote will clearly There have been many students who be a referendum on whether the Congress A MOVING MUSICAL thinks that Nicaragua will be another Cuba. EXPERIENCE have been members of the Fisk Jubi· The invasion of Afghanistan is logically un­ lee Singers through the years. Howev­ connected with the merits of the $75-million er, they all have a conimon bond. grant to Nicaragua, but it may nonetheless HON. LOUIS STOKES They always have performed with un­ dominate the debate. I informed the highest OF OHIO questionable quality and have carried: leaders of Nicaragua of this and urged them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forth the legacy of Fisk University to join the overwhelming majority of na­ and Negro spirituals. tions that have condemned the Soviet inva­ Thursday, February 21, 1980 sion· of Afghanistan. They bristled sharply Perhaps Rev. George White, the or­ at the perceived condition of American aid. • Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, it gives ganizer of the singers, best~ put their But they had to admit that if they were me great pleasure to announce that story into perspective tn the special silent, this would be seen as an implicit con- the world renown Fisk University Ju- anthem he wrote for them: 3530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980

To the Jubilee Singers, who went forth ahead of the U.S.-armed forces in inte~at­ because of the stigma attached to not serv­ with weeping, bearlng ..the .precious seed. of. ing women into the business of war prepar­ ing in the military. touching songs w;l'\il:l' . ~~ . a$'es 9f.'Oppressloli edness, has yet to live up to one of the most "It's become a stain in Israel if you don't from the hearts c;>f an .imaginative race. and publicized but least understood aspects of serve. If you go tp apply for a Job, the inter­ who now return with Joy · bringing - their its image-women in combat. viewer will invariably say, 'Where did you sheaves with them. Out uf 'sheer necessity, women did fight­ serve,' There's a big investigation. You are and die-in the Haganah, the pre-statehood autom_atically suspect," said Kav. Again, Mr. Speaker, I invite all of Jewish army, in the 1948 war of independ­ my colleagues to the concert on ence. But t hat was in spite of the admoni­ In fact, the identity cards all Israelis are Monday, March 3, 1980. In addition to tion of Yigael Allon, commander of the Pal­ required to carry contain a coded explana­ the singers, the president of Fisk Uni­ ma.ch strike force, tl).at women should be ex­ tion of service or cause of deferment. versity, Dr. Walter Leonard will be cluded from any assignment that could In Israel, the idea of military service is in­ present. I am confident that the con­ "affect the ability of motherhood." grained at an early age. Between 14 and 18, cert will be both an enlightening and That decree still causes shudders among most youths serve in the Ganda youtn bat­ memorable experience.e Israel's feminists, but it still holds in princi­ talions, a paramilitary,organization roughly ple. Women are not allowed to serve in comparable to scout programs elSewhere. combat, even though they train for lt, and Once a week and at summer camps, boys WOMEN IN THE MILITARY they are required to evacuate areas in immi­ and girls in the Ganda are taught such basic nent danger of becoming combat z0nes. military skills as marching, use of a rifle, But Israeli women do practically· every­ map reading, hiking, topography and mili­ HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO thing else in the defense of their country, tary history. OF CALIFORNIA and they do it in numbers unparalleled any­ When they are drafted, women in the ~­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where else in the world. Five wars and the constant threat of hostilities along all its raeli army receive a six-week basic training Thursday, February 21, 1980 bQrders have led Israel to institutionalize a course not unlike that in the men's army, including basic combat training. But the e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, women's military force that is so essential to defense that the army would be hard-.. prohibition against actually serving in the debate over registration of women pressed to get along without it. combat remains firm. for the draft seems to overlook the CHEN, an acronym for women's corps "If a woman is in a field unit• at the front, fa.ct tha.t women in the military are that also means "charm" in Hebrew, con­ and the front shifts suddenly, the policy is the exception in the world. That Israel scripts 60 percent of Israel's women of to remove the women. It's ·a tough order to and Romania are perhaps the only na­ draftable age and would take almost all the give; because these girls have become emo­ tions in the world that draft women remainder except that 27 percent are tionally attached to their units and are re­ does not make a very convincing argu­ exempte4 because they claim they cannot luctant to !eave,'' said Kav. ment in its behalf. And those nations serve because of religious convictions and a But there is not always time to carry out do not .allow them to serve in combat. desire to remain apart from secular life. A small number are excluded because they that policy. During the 1973 war, when an ·I wish to call to the attention of my marry before age .18, or for health or social Egyptian commando unit and Egyptian colleagues the following article which problems, and some are deferred for school­ planes suddenly attacked and overran the appeared in the Washington Post, ing. Refidim Air Base in the Sinai, there were February l 7, 1980. It reports ·on the The anny considers the number of per­ several casualties among Israeli women sta­ role of Israeli women in the army: sons serving ii\ the -armed forces to be ·classi­ tioned there. CFrom the Washington Post, Feb. 17, 19801 fied security informa-tion but published re­ As a result of the no-combat policy, ports of the International Institute for Stra­ lsRAELl WOMEN FILL KEY ROLES IH ARMY women usually ·perform support Jobs 'in the tegic Studies put the total .armed forces at regular army units, whether in the field or -especially the TO THE MAINLAND it seems and therefore we should not government and press of the United States. hold it against them. At every tum Although the Carter Administration de­ plored the appalling toll of death, injury, HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK when facts are brought into the Nica- property damage, and financial ruin caused oF ou10 raguan debate the answer is "trust us, by the fighting, it cooperated with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRES~TATIVES we know what is really happening.:_' FSLN by cutting off aid to the defenders I beg to differ with the Carter ad- early in the fighting and by ignoring the Thursday, February 21, 1980 ministration and its apologists in the flow of weapons ·via Panama for the at­ • Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, as news media. Whether .ft is the Soviets, tackers. That massive airlift, organized by the time for decision draws nearer on or Castro, or the Sandinistas I have Panamanian dictator Omar Torrijos, deliv­ whether the Congress will go on found that history.. tends to support ered tons of arms, ammunition, and troop replacements to the Sandinista at their record supporting the bailout of the the contention that the Communists staging points within Costa Rica. Most of the Western press. while assisting now that mean old Somoza is gone. servers. We were told Castro was enthusiastica.J..]y Di the campaign of vilifica­ The human rights report issued by really a loyal Marxist months before tion organized '8.g'B.lnst Somoza by the world­ Pat Darien .and company does its best he pledged allegiance to Moscow. We spanning ·Communist propaganda appa­ to downplay the murders and the po- are now being told that the Sandinis­ ratus, also helped to suppress news of the il­ litical arrests that have ushered in tas are Marxists with close ties to legal airlift and to minimize-or, like Presi­ with the Marxist regime. It goes on to Cuba. We see the Cubans in Nicara­ dent Carter, to deny-Cuban complicity in omit reports of local units ·organizing gua, we hear Cuban radio refer to · the war to capture Nicaragua. They depict­ ed the rebels as selfiess crusaders for the around Nicaragua as block committees Nicaragua as our sister country. We see rights of the downtrodden and Somoza as a to assure patriotic sentiment. They the steady erosion of freedoms and tropical Hitler. overlook how Castro used similar com- the consolidation of a ·totalitarian All effort.s to incite a popular uprising or a mittees to ~stematically murder polit- state. Fot 01we in these last few dec­ military coup having failed, the rebels ical opponents to consolidate his dicta- ades we should look and understand began to,, fear that . Somoza's government torship. The U.S. news media is also that what we are seeing is reality. might survive after an, as it had earlier at­ playing the "isn't the Sandinista There is no· mistaking that Castroism tempts at revolution. Fortunately, at that regime wonderful" game by taking the has come to the mainland of. Central point the U.S. State Department mobilized the hemlspheric diplomatic pressures that propaganda releases at face value and America and we better plan according­ finally brought it down. The State Depart­ not probing the closure of newspapers ly. The last thing we should do is dis­ ment had been following the old Castro or the fleeing "of respected journalists. count this reality and vote to subsidize script an along, and in 1979~ as in late 1958, They are also burying reports of the this beachhead of oppression. sent an envoy to order a beleaguered presi­ Sandinistas exporting their violence to In an effort to balance out the pie· dent to abandon his country to Communist other nations in Central America. ture that is being formed on the Nica­ assailants. The parallel was .complete, even When such a report is made it is used raguan question prior to floor consid­ to the pretense that the guerrillas were not really Communists. as a space filler in some out of the way eration I ·call my colleagues' attentiQn That pretense quickly collapsed when the nook or cranny of the back sectiQns. to an excellent article by Robert S. new rulers took charge in mid-July. Dictato­ These trends disturb me because Strother of the Reader's Digest. Mr. rial power was concentrated in a nine-man they are so similar to the actions Strother's article underscores how se­ Sandinista Directorate which Fidel Castro taken during 1958 and 1959 when rious a mistake it would be if the Con­ himself appointed last May. ·The Director­ Castro came th power in Cuba. In that gress went on record Sl;lPPOrting what ate, reliably Marxist throughout, is headed case a government was undermined is happening in Nicaragua: by Toriuis Borge, a veteran Cuban-trained revolutionary terrorist and a close friend of and finally cast aside by the. media THE NEW BOYS IN THE BUNKER Castro. Although the Directors, for window­ and the State Department and a new dressing, placed two non-Communists• on leader was bolstered into a position of The Marxist revolutionaries now .occupy­ the subordinate five-member Revolutionary supreme power only to swear alle­ ing the bunker of ousted President Anasta­ Junta for Reconstruction and selected sev­ giance to Moscow the moment the op­ sio Somoza in Nicaragua _(U'e not given to eral non-Communists to head ministries of portunity presented itself. Today I mirth; but when they pause in their au­ government, they kept all the key places for feel a sense of deja vu as I have thoritarian work tbey must, like Stalin look­ themselves. They said-like Castro at a simi­ watched Somoza undermined, de­ ing up from a satisfactory death list, allow lar point in his revolution-that they had th.emselves a faint sardonic smile. no intention of installing a .Marxist regime, prived of military and foreign ·aid, cut but their actions said that was precisely off from Washington, and finally As guerrillas flying a bogus banner of human rights, they succeeded, with the sup­ what they were doing. For example, the asked to leave the country by the pert of one of the world's most impressive Sandinista: State Department. I have seen moder­ dictators, in bringing an elected government Abolished the old ·army and police forces ate forces that may have eventually friendly to the United States crashing down and established a new "popular revolution­ evolved Nicaragua into a pro-West de­ in a ·storm of fire and a torrent of blood. ary army~• a.nq police forces commanded by mocracy outmaneuvered by the San­ Better yet. some of their prospective future Marxists. ica assurances that looks can be de­ Free World is rushing to supply money for ceiving. The Foggy Bottom spokesmen reconstruction and for new weapons, along state that we should not view the bla­ -.vith diplomatic recognition and an honored •one of them is Violeta Chamorro, widow of the place in that great forum for peace and Jus~ editor of the opposition newspaper under Somoza tant links to Cuba with alarm or be tice, the United Nations. All in :all, a positive . She insists that "there will not be a Commu­ riot of laughs for Moscow. nist government in Nicaragua or anything like can statements. They say that the .Far from objecting, most Western nations that," and is widely regarded in Latin America as a Nicaraguan abstention on the Af. were sYJnPathetic to the Sandinista Front of "tonta util." . CX.XVI--223-Pa.rt 3 3532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 Seized all the banks and confiscated the the Sandinista hit list, Nicaragua is too dev­ ment, however, is dragging its feet. A Wash­ currency. Citizens were giv-en 24 hours to astated .and its 2.5 million citizens too close ington Post report tells why: exchange currency in their possession for to starvation to allow its new leaders to "Although some State Department offi­ six-month government notes bearing 8 per engage Just now in direct military action cials are known to advocate a more hardline cent interest. Money in private hands after abroad. Meanwhile, however, terrorist cam­ approach, .the Department's basic position is the deadline was declared void. paigl1$ to weaken the governments of El Sal­ that such a move would undermine the Fired Judges and magistrates all over vador, Honduras, and Guatemala are flolir­ effort to gain the confidence of the Sandi­ Nicaragua and replaced them with comrades ishing, openly supported by both Cuba and nista in Nicaragua, create suspicion and hos­ prepared to dispense revolutionary Justice its Central American prot~ges. Rivalry be­ tility among democratic governments in to the three thousand "Somocistas and tween guerrilla leaders is a problem, and the Latin America, a.nd provoke fierce new op­ criminals" now held in Jails. delay may enable Castro-"el llder su­ position from congressional liberals." Abolished freedom of the press-which premo"-to unify them, as he did the previ­ And that, Human Events said in a tart .edi­ had existed under the Somoza regime-and ously divided Nicaraguan insurgents. torial, reveals "Just how bankrupt American allowed only one general newspaper, one All three target countries are extremely policy has become, because it amounts to radio station, and one television channel to vulnerable. They suffer, like most Latin total appeasement of the Communists in report the "news." "W~ support freedom of American countries, from tyranny, corrup­ this hemisphere." the press," says Bayardo Arce, a member of tion, high unemployment, inflated living P~rhaps the most startling aspect of the the Directorate, "but of course the freedom costs, low wages, rural desperation, urban deteriorating situation. in Central America is of the press we support will be freedom to squalor, and the maldistribution of too little the calm with which it has been received, support the revolution." or Bohemia. of them come to Chicago where orga­ persons, more than most States re- The Boii were a Celtic tribe-shep­ nizations like the Czec.koslovak Soci­ corded for the year 1979. herds, miners, hunters, and craftsmen. ety of America work to help them get 1 established. Czechs are known around In 1976, Mr. Schollaert was promot- They dressed in fur and knew how to Chicago to be hard workers who are ed to district administrator, and is mate utensils and tools out of copper glad to get Jobs and start making a presently responsible for the ad.minis- and iron. As time went on, the Celtic contribution to the society they have tration of a staff of 200 people, 98 of . nation was overpowered by various other nations such as ,the Marko­ transplanted into soon after they· which are professional rehabilitation manns. This was a German nation, arrive. The Czechoslovak Society of counselors. Because of his hard work powerful during _the time of the America is evidence of Czechs continu­ and dedication, thousands of people in Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus. ing investment in America and their Allegheny County have benefited This brings in the Greek nation and willingness to help their fellow coun­ from BVR services and are now consid- consequently, Greek roots. Then later, try men and women arriving more re­ ered· contributors to society rather a crude nation from Asia, led by Attila cently. I commend this great organiza­ than recipients. Mr. Schollaert will the Hun, invaded and left its mark in tion for 125 . years of service to the retire on March 24, 1980. The. people the Bohemi~n roots. In the ·year 451 Czech community and for their part in that he has worked for and with these A.D. a branch of Slavic peoples from the building of our great Uilited past 42 years want to express their ap- eastern Europe came up the mountain States.e preciation to him. "Rip" under the leadership of Father Mr. Schollaert served the disabled Cech. This group settled and called SCIENTISTS MADE PLEA TO and handicapped at a time when great their new surroundings Cechy after MOVE NUCLEAR LICENSING strides were made in rehabilitation. their leader. For. about the next 50 His contribution is irreplaceab1e and years Slavic tribes migrated into HON. JOHN W. WYDLER he will be missed.• .cechy. Therefore, beginning with the year 500 B.C. through the year 451 OF NEW YORK A.D. the land of Bohemia or Cechy in­ IN. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cluded these various nations: The Boii Thursday, February 21, 1980 tribe from Gaul-later France, the THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE Markomann . tribe from Germany, • Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, recent­ CZECHOSLOVAK SOCIETY OF Greeks from the time of the Holy ly, interested scientists wrote Mr. AMERICA Roman Empire, Avars led by· Attila James F. Ahearne, the Acting Chair­ the Hun from Asia, and then with man of the Nuclear Regulatory Com­ HON. JOHN G. FARY Father Cech, a Slavic tribe from East- mission, to suggest that the NRC ern Europe. _ resume the licensing process as the OF ILLINOIS President had promised on December The Czechoslovak nation has an an­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 8. Di:-. Frederick Seitz, a distinguished cient history and many Czechs have physicist and president of Rockefeller· 7Jiursday, February 21, 1980 had a hand in forming the history of University is chairman of ·the Scien­ • Mr. FARY. Mr. Speaker, I rise today our Nation. In an article published re­ tists a.pd Engineers for Secure Energy,. to pay tribute to the Czechoslovak So­ cently in the Chicago ·Tribune maga­ Inc., and they made a very reasonable. ciety of America in recognition of zine, ·cheryl Lavin describes some of case for getting nuclear power'plants their 125th anniversary. The CSA, a t.he contributions of Czech immi­ online. Dr. Seitz and his executive sec­ fraternal organization which writes in­ grants: retary Dr. Todovorich point out the surance policies and mortgages for the The Czech migration to America is a con­ need to move ahead now that a more Czech community, also works to pre- tinuing process that began 300 yearS ago encouraging atmosphere for nuclear . serve the unique cultural tradition im­ and energy exists in the Congress based on ported by generations of Czech immi- still goes on. Famous American CZechs in­ the rejection of nuclear moratorium grants. · clude watchmaker Joseph Bulova; Mutt and amendments. The scientists also at­ At its home office 1n Bel'Wyn, Ill., Jeff cartoonist Bud :Fisher; Josef Svak. ar­ tached a copy of the telegram sent to the Czechoslovak So_ciety of America chitect of St. Patrick's Cathedral in New President Carter by six scientists; in-· houses a unique heritage. mu~eum and York; Stan Musial; George Blanda; George eluding two Nobel laureates. library which contains traditional H"alas; Stan Mikita; Rudolph Serkin; astro­ It is ciear that men who understand hand painted Easter eggs, life size nauts James Lovell and Eugene Ceman; technology and its comparative risks· manikins dressed in authentic Czecho­ Kim Novak; Ray Kroc; and former Chicago mayor Anton Cermak, one of the founders are taking a strong stand in favor of slovakian folk costumes. a collection of of the Democratic machine. the nuclear option. I recommend both rare early 19th century books, Czech The first. large influx of immigrants came of these documents to my colleagues. language newspapers and magazines in 1848-the '4'8ers, they were called. In ScIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS FOR pu!>iished in Chicago since 1866, and Europe, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was SECURE ENERGY, INC., many other artifacts that originated crumbling, including t~e Kingdom of Bohe- New York, N. Y., January 17, 1980. 3534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 JOHN F. AHEARNE, nor does such a performance by a regula­ In the process they have unilaterally U.S. Nuclear fiegulatory Commission, tory agency enhance its credibility with the abrogated a 50-year-old treaty~ caused Washington, D.C. public. It appears to some that the Commis­ a bre.ak in diplomatic relations with DEAR MR. AHEARNE: Scientists and Engi­ sion has succumbed to its own perception of neers for Secure Energy supports the political climate in nuclear matters. Colombia, and snubbed the World President Carter's view, of December 8, SE2, however, reads a more encouraging Court at The Hague. In addition, 1979, that "we must resume the licensing atmosphere for nuclear energy: the Con­ there are reports of Cuban mercenar~ process promptly RO that new gress, for example, has repeatedly refused ies moving into the islands and there plants, which we need to reduce our depend­ to initiate nuclear power-related moratoria, is open speculation of a pro-Castro ence on foreign oil. can be built a.nd oper­ and has agreed with the need for putting separatist movement arising in this ated. the completed plants into operation; states area of the Caribbean. I find this turn SE2 also urges that the Nuclear Regula­ are increasingly urging the Federal Govern­ of events further proof that the San­ tory Commission proceed without delay ment to take leadership in the advancement with the licensing of those plants ,which of nuclear power. For example, New York's dinistas have more in mind for Central have already been built and are ready for Governor Carey has recently requested the America than just the reforming of fueling. We do so for several reasons: government to "act quickly to give this their own nation. At a time when this 1. All of the various committees and study nation a sense of confidence in nuclear Congress is considering shipping $75 groups that have investigated Three Mile energy." · million to this regime, I find it amaz­ Island have found that its shortcomihgs A heavy and singular burden lies on the ing that new~ of these dramatic ac­ were related predominantly to human fac­ shoulders of the NRC. The current licensing tioI1$ have not· been reported in the tors, such as operator performance, regula­ inaction of your Commission may preclude United States, although they are tory framework; governmental respo~e. the availability of future critical options for and general attitudes of the mind. Equip­ the United States. Thus, the de facto re­ common knowledge throughout Latin ment problems , which cause or contribut­ transc~nds the narrow confines of its statu­ show that there is always something ed to the malfunction, were of secondary tory obligations. We, of SE2, feel that the the State Department and the news importance. Most of the suggested improve­ Nuclear Regulatory Commission should act media just cannot find room for come ments are in the areas of -governmental pre­ with conviction on the basis of its under­ press time. paredness, emergency response, operator standing of scieµtific fact, and proceed to The islands in question are locai;ed training, and regulatory procedures-all of discharge with alacrity its legally mandated approximately 140 miles off the coast which are general in nature and not specific duty-the licensing of power plants within to the operation of particular plants. an established, regulatoey framework­ of Nicaragua and stretCh to the waters We see no reason why the licensing proc­ while incorporating simultaneously into the near Jamaica. These islands, known as e8s shollld be delayed while the Commission process the new insights from the TMI ex­ San Andres. Pro~dencia, Roncador, sorts out shortcomings which are other perience. Quitasueno, t.nd Serrana, have been in than technological. We therefore submit Attached is a telegram, recently sent to dispute between the United States, that the licensing of the individual, com­ the President, and signed by six academic Nicaragua, and Colombia for years. On pleted nuclear power units should proceed scientists, which comments on the subject March 24, 1928, the United States simultaneously with the efforts of the NRC matter raised in this communication. oversaw the conclusion of talks be­ to improve its overall safety posture. Sincerely, tWeen Nicaragua and Colombia over 2. It is our Judgment· that the necessary FREDERICK SEITZ, Jurisdiction for these islands and other safety improvements can be developed and Chairman. implemented safely without delaying the MIRO M. TODOROVICH, maritime matters in this area of the growth of our nuclear power production. Caribbean. On March 6, 1930, the Nuclear hardware is designed and construct­ Executive Secretary. Nicaraguan Government ratified the ed with a degree of forethought and c(l,ution [Telegram] treaty which gave the islands to Co­ unparalleled in ~ techilological history. Ac­ lombia. cording to the conclusion of the President's PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: The Commission on TMI, though the accident at Iranian crisis w1ll cause a severe oil shortage The Barcenas Meneses-Esguerra Three Mile Island was serious, the current in the coming year. The consequences of Treaty, as it is called, has been in state of nuclear technology proved suffi­ this could be alleviated by putting into oper­ effect for close to 50 years. On Febru­ cient to insure the physical safety of the ation the six nuclear plants which are com­ ary 5, 1980, the Sandinistas renounced surrounding population. As the.report indi­ pleted and ready for use. There is no rea­ the treaty and claimed the islands as cates, the results of the event were neither sonable doubt that thef can b~ operated "one more response by the popular catastrophic nor near-catastrophic. We are safely. Their energy output will replace Sandinista revolution to the heroic confident that nuclear power~ having accu­ 200,000 barrels of oil per day-a substantial and militant Nicaraguan people." mulated an excellent safety record, can be part of the oil previously imported from made even more reliable and secure without Iran. We urge you to do all in your power to Radio Sandino reported that the origi­ our having to interrupt its current expan­ have these plants operating as soon as possi­ nal treaty was invalid because it was a sion programs. We favor the orderly intro­ ble. surrender oJ Nicaragua's resources duction of new facilities with the continuing Nuclear plants now under construction, perpetrated by "malformed creatures improvement of existing units. when operating, will replace several times spawned by the White House." Colom­ 3. We are facing events which may lead to the amount of oil imported from Iran bia. immediately recalled its Ambassa­ a sudden drying-up of some major sources during 1978. These plants should be com­ dor and broke off diplomatic relations of crude on. The potential consequences of pleted and in operation as soon as possible. with Nicaragua. The president ·of the this for the economics of the United States HANS BETHE, Foreign Relations Committee in the . and the West may be disastrous unless we TOM PIGFORD, Colombian House of Representatives promptly put to use every other available FRED SEITZ, source of energy. Viewed in this context, the EDWARD TELLER, stated that any concern the Sandinis­ potential risks of using and expanding nu­ ALVIN WEINBERG, tas have over the islands could be clear power truly are miniscule when com­ EUGENE WIGNER.e brought before the World Court at pared with· the real risks that face us if we The Hague. The Sandinista.S reported do not continue to develop our nuclear that the retaking of the islands was to option. NICARAGUA'S CONTEMPT FOR regain the sovereignty lost in the dis­ As the President, himself§' has pointed out, THE WORLD COMMUNITY poilment · of Nicaragua by Colombia the nuclear plants which remain idle despite their completion could save the country and the United States. The issue has 200,ooo·barrels of oil per day. The finishing HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK escalated since the initial fiareup of of plants under construction would further OF OHIO hostility. On February 11 a broadcast reduce our dependence on. forei8-n oil, and from Madrid reported that the news­ contribute to easing our chronic foreign­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES paper El Siglo wrote of the presence of trade imbalance. Thursday, February 21, 1980 Cuban mercenaries on the islands of Last fall, the Commission expressed readi­ San Andres and Providencia. There ness to resume its licensing of nuclear e Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the plants. More recently, however, it seems to Sandinista dictators who now rule were rumors of the Cubans aiding the have moved in the opposite direction, and Nicaragua have once again proven move to create an independent repub­ · has mentioned delays of possibly up to two their contempt for decency by aggres­ lic of the two islands. years. Surely this vacillation by the Com­ sively moving to claim a number of is­ These islands are strategically loca\i­ mission is not Justifiable by scientific fact; lands in the Caribbean as their own. ed on the approaches to the Panama February .21, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3535 Canal. A Cuban presence or any un­ At my direction, my office prepared united with the Congo, and that the Congo friendly presence would serve to fur­ the following documentation of the government be "neutralized." ther weaken American capabilities in public career of Conor Cruise O'Brien, In an interview published in the Dublin the region. which establishes a pattern of behav­ Sunday Press on July 12, 1964, from Ghana, ior consistent with his latest actions in O'Brien heatedly denounced the selection of As we have seen elsewhere in the former Katanga independence leader Moise world, the aggressive forces of commu­ support of Marxism-Leninism: Tshombe as Prime Minister of the Congo. nism · are willing to exploit any loop­ CONOR , born in now a colossal example of neo-colonialism." macy for their conquests. What is hap­ Dublin on November 3, 1911, the son of a The Sunday Press report said that pening in the small islands under dis­ newspaper journalist. His mother, ·nee O'Brien attacked those "outside forces" for pute between Colombia and Nicaragua Sheehy, was from a family prominent in having "caused the assassination of the is that the Sandinistas are not waiting Irish politica. · Elementary education was at young but dynamic, nationalist leader Lu­ a Quaker school in Dublin, followed by. the mumba;" and that O'Brien suggested that for Latin America to catch its breath study of modem literature and history at "the country could be settled only when a from the fall of Somoza. The Sandinis­ Trinity College, Dublin. O'Brien entered the genuine nationalist government, such as the tas are on the march wherever they Irish Republic's civil service in 1943, age 32. one headed by Lumumba, returned to can find room to expand. They are The publication "Worl~", January 13, power." willing to forsake relations with Co­ 1961, page 3, reported O'Brien was known as O'Brien had no criticisms of Patrice Lu­ lombia and are willing to become in­ a "member of the extreme-leftist Irish Civil mumba's overt espousal of Marxism-Lenin­ ternational renegades by usurping The Liberties Union" and was an "active sup­ ism, of his political reliance for direction on Hague and international law in order porter of the International Brigades," con­ his close friend, the Ohanian Marxist dicta.­ to post Pins. It is obvious that the trolled by the Soviet Union, during the tor Kwane Nkrumah, or on his alignment stakes are growing ever1 higher in the Spanish Civil War. _with Nkrumah's supporter, the Soviet As a member of" the Irish diplomatic serv­ Union. At the time, O'Brien was vice-chan­ Caribbean. The sooner the Congress ice, O'Brien served in several Dublin and cellor of the University of Ghana under the awakens to this accelerating evolution Western European posts. When Eire joined Nkrumah regime; of events the more likely it is that we the United Nations in 1955, subject orga­ The international controversy over can stop the · Sandinistas D.lld their nized and headed the new United Nations O'Brien's role in directing the U.N. military CU ban allies before it is too late. Cer­ section· of the Irish Foreign Office. Subject attack on Katanga, carried out, according to tainly we must not commit ourselves reportedly speaks French, Spanish and Rus­ international press reports, with extreme to aiding and abetting their policies sian, and while he served in Eire's Paris Em­ brutality, caused him to be removed from until their aggression ends.e bassy, the occasions for which he learned his U.N. post in December 1961. On the next Spanish and Russian are not known. day, he was forced to resign .also· from the O'Brien was a member of the Irish delega­ Irish· Foreign Service. O'Brien did not tion to the United Nations and became an return to Eire, where it was reported, he CONOR CRUISE O'BRIEN: STILL aide to Secretary-General Dag Hammar­ was "unwelcome" by his own government. DESTABILIZING PRO-WESTERN skjold. In 1961, O'Brien was sent to the In January 1962, O'Brien divorced his first ~ICAN GOVERNMENTS former Belgian Congo's Katanga Province, wife, the former Christme Foster of Belfast, then attempting to become an independent by whom he had two daughters and a son, country, as the Personal Representative of and on January 9, 1962, married Marie Mac­ HON. LARRY McDONALD the U.N. Secretary-General and Chief Rep­ Entee, daughter of Irish Deputy Prime Min­ OF GEORGIA resentative of the United Nations Organiza­ ister Sean MacEntee, in a religious ceremo­ tion in the Congo. ny. In March 1962, O'Brien accepted the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Subject was the highest ranking United post of vice-chancellor of the University of Thursday, February 21, 1980 Nations official in the Congo. O'Brien ad­ Ghana in Accra that was offered by the mitted in an article reprinted in Report of Soviet-aligned Marxist dictator Kwame • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, last the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, Nkrumah. . · month the London Sunqay newspaper, "Visa Procedures of Department of State,'' Shirley Graham, a member of the Com­ the Observer, published articles con­ August 6, 1962, pag~s 28-29, that he and a munist Party, U.S.A. who had taining the incoherent ramblings of a handful of other U.N. officials were respon­ married the · aged U.S. black nationalist defecting Junior clerk from the South sible for drawing up and implementing the W.E.B. DuBois and converted him to com­ African ·intelligence service. As a result plan to use U.N. troops to forcibly crush the. munism at the age of 91, provided an article Katanga independence movement. on Ghana's "socialist experiment" for Polit­ of the Observer's series. the successful According to this document by O'Brien, ical Affairs, the theoretical journal of the penetration by a young South African those responsible for the formation and ex­ Communist Party, U.S.A., published in the intelligence officer of an international ecution of Operation Morthor in August May 1962, issue. Shirley Graham and organization in Geneva. Switzerland, 1961, included Mahmoud Khiary, a Tuni­ W.E.B. DuBois had moved to Ghana in that has been providing financial and sian who was the Head of U.N. Civilian Op­ 1961, to become part of the transformation logistical support to the tune of some erations th the Congo and who was out­ ·of Ghana into a full Communist dictator­ $2.5 million a year to Marxist terrorist ranked by O'Brien; and O'Brien's own ship. In that article, Graham wrote the fol­ movements in South and South West deputy, a French Communist named Michel lowing of the role of the University of Tombelaine. O'Brien admitted that the plan Ghana under Nkrumah and Conor Cruise Africa, was exposed and his life placed was put into operation at a meeting of these O'Brien: in danger. The organization supported' and a few other U.N. officials held in his "Change, legislation, control are necessary the full range of revolutionary and own residence. today to bring about the 'socialist transfor­ terrorist movements in South Africa, The violence of U.N. troops against Ka­ mation of Ghana.' But a wise government ranging from the Angola-based South tangese civilians provoked an international knows that only education of its youth will' West Africa People's· Organization outcry. It is noted that Operation Morthor assure the stability of the new state. • • • led by Sam Nujoma and the. used the Hindu word meaning "smash" "Dr. Alan Nunn May, former member of equally Soviet-dominated African Na­ which is cognate to the English word the British Government Atomic Research tional Congress CANC> through the "murder." In his 1963 book, "To Katanga Department, is head of the Department of Peking-alined Pan-Africanist Congress and Back" to the eclectic "Black Con­ O'Brien sharply attacked U.N. SecretarY,­ providing atomic secrets to the Soviet General Hammarskjold and nts successor, u Union, served a ten-year prison term]. The sciousness" groups spawned by Steve Thant, not for condoning the use of vio­ newly appointed administrator of the uni­ Biko. lence by U.N. military forces against the versity is' Dr. Conor Cruise O'Brien, who ex­ The editor of the Observer. responsi­ Katangese, but for bowing to world public posed the crimes which imperialistic powers ble for these revelations, is Conor opinion and not going far enough with mili­ were committing in the Congo. After Dr. Cruise O'Brien. who in his 69 years tary force to conquer Katanga so as to f orci­ O'Brien resigned from the United Nations has amassed an unenviable record for bly reunite it with the Congo. post and was thrown out of his job in his According to O'Brien, the U.N. Secretary. own country , President Nkrumah destabilizing pro-Western African gov­ General comprolllised the arrangement invited him to 'come to Ghana and help us.' ernments and for supporting Commu­ agreed to with the U.N.'s Third World mem­ Dr. O'Brien accepted. The University of nist revelutionary regimes In the bers which was that the pro-Western Ka­ Ghana now intends to turn out young men Congo, Ghana, North Vietnam, and tanga independence movement should be and women ready to come to grips with the Cub&. crushed. that Katanga should forcibly be re- social and economic chang~s taking place in 3536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 21, 1980 the world • • • and to render loyal service Upon his moving to New York University, alarm anyone except the Government of towards building the new Ghana." O'Brien became an important "resource this country in Vietnam." Among the administrative actions of the person" for the revolutionary, violence-ori­ An article in the December 30, 1967, issue University of Ghana under Conor Cruise ented Students for a Democratic Society of the National Guardian by Lionel Martin, O'Brien, according to the New York Times . a resident of Havana who also writes for the of May 17, 1962, was the offering of a lectur­ The New York Times of October 15, 1965, official Cuban news agency Prensa Latina, er's post to Paul Robeson, whose decades- . reported that O'Brien spoke at a rally orga­ advertised the upcoming January 1968 In­ long association with the Communist Party, nized by the New York University Ad Hoc ternational Cultural Congress in Havana, U.S.A. in which his son, Paul Robeson, Jr., Committee to End the War in Vietnam Cuba. Martin wrote: "Those who to date held an appointed office, is a matter of ·which was formed primarily of SOS activ­ have expressed their intention to partici­ public record. . ists. At the rally, O'Brien said "that only pate in the Congress from the U.S. are anti­ O'Brien remained at his post in the Uni­ military leaders and large corporation heads war activist Dave Dellinger; Tom Hayden, versity of Ghana until March 1965. In light had an interest in continuing the United community organizer in Newark, N.J.; and of his later assertions of supporting aca­ States' policy in South Vietnam." The Conor Cruise O'Brien, professor of human­ demic freedom, it is noted that in February, Times quoted O'Brien as saying that the ities at New York University." The Interna­ 1964, Nkrumah decided to expel non-com­ U.S. had shown "nothing but a commitment tional Cultural Congress was characterized munist American professors teaching at the to war itself and to the manufacture of pup­ by the counsel o.f the House Committee on University. To accomplish this and provide pets" in South Vietnam. Un-Amerlcan Activities in 1968 as "a gather­ a pretext for the expulsion of the American The New York Times of November 16, ing of Communists and other revolutionar­ academics, .. some 2,000 members of Nkru­ 1965, reported on O'Brien's participation in ies whose aim is to destroy the non-Commu­ mah's Convention People's Party, the only another SDS "teach-in" at New York Uni­ nist governments of the world." charging they were all "CIA agents." Nkru­ roundly criticized by Dr. Ernest van den In 1968, Conor Cruise O'Brien was a mah immediately complied with the staged Haag, a member of the philosophy faculty member of the Committee to Defend the "demands" of his party. There was no re­ of the New School. Dr. van den Haag point­ ·Conspiracy, a support group for Tom ported word of protest from O'Brien. ed out that O'Brien continued to serve at Hayden, Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman, In March 1965, O'Brien announced his the University of Ghana for more than a Rennie Davis, John Froines, Lee Weiner resignation from the University of Ghana, year after Nkrumab's mob invaded the and Bobby Seale, charged with conspiring allegedly over issues of academic freedom. school and the .Ainerican professors were ex­ to disrupt the 1968 Democratic National In June 1965, his appointment to the Albert pelled froni Ghana. Nor had O'Brien re­ Convention in Chicago. Otb.er members of Schweitzer Chair in_ Humartities at New signed after Nkrumah removed other pro­ "The Conspiracy," as the organization was York University was announced f essors he believed to be critical of his known, included Noam Chomsky, Howard O'Brien's association with the revolution­ regime. Zinn, Sidney Lens, Herbert Magidson, Mi­ ary Marxist left continued in the United. O'Brien replied that as far as he was con­ chael Harrington and I. F. Stone. States. The March 1965, issue of Monthly Review, an allegedly "independent" Marxist cerned, academic freedom meant "freedom O'Brien activities with Students for a intellectual journal that .had only praise for of the teacher and the student in the priva­ Democratic Society were even more mischie­ "Third World" communist regimes in North cy of the classroom." O'Brien gave no indi­ vous when as a result of a conversation with cation that academic freedom might also in­ Columbia University SDS leader Mark Korea, Cuba and North Vietnam, contained clude the right of a teacher tQ publish any memorial tributes to the·magazine's late as­ Rudd, the latter was able to report, "As far critical analysis of a socialist or communist as we know from Conor Cruise O'Brien in sociate, a Marxist economics professor at government, its programs or policies. Stanford University, Paul Baran. A tribute an article in The New York Review of from Conor Cruise O'Brien was Joined with According to the National Guardian of Books, Cordier was a CIA agent resp·onsible others from Communist Party, U.S.A. theo­ August 20, 1966, Conor Cruise O'Brien was a for the assassination of Patrice Lumumba." retician Herbert Aptheker; from Cuban ter­ speaker at the Second Annual Socialist (New York Times, August 24, 1968). Scholars Conference. These· meetings of the rorist Ernesto "Che" Guevara; and from Since at that time Dr. Andr~w W. Cordier Kwame Nkrumah. pro-Moscow "Old Left" associated with the had been named to be president of Colum­ In his 1965 book, "Writers and Politics" Communist Party, ·u.s.A. with younger Cas­ bia, the Rudd statement was obviously O'Brien wrote that troite and "New Left" Marxist academics, harmful. Dr. Cordier promptly denied while his commitment to "socialism" such have been financed in part by t.he Ra­ Rudd's charges, and O'Brien "categorically as the variety being built in Ghana by Nkru­ binowitz Foundation, controlled by Victor denied ever having made the accusation." Rabinowitz, an attorney identified in Senate mah remained unimpaired, he was "more However, two months later in a letter to the profoundly attached to the liberal concepts testimony as a member of the Communist Party, U.S.A. and who has been the paid New York Times dated 10/10/68, while still of freedom • • • than I was to the idea of a maintaining his denial of responsibility, disciplined party mobilizing all the forces of agent of the Cuban Communi.§t Govern­ ment since 1961. It is noted that the Nation­ O'Brien subverted it by writing, "Dr. society for the creation of a society guaran­ Cordier • • • played a highly significant teeing more real freedom for all instead of al Guardian was characterized by the House Committee on Un-American Activities as part in the political downfall of Patrice Lu­ Just for a few." mumba. Due to conditions in the Congo, his The fact that the system in which a "dis­ having "manifested itself from the begin­ ning as a virtual official propaganda arm of political downfall led to hiS murder." And as ciplined party" mobilizes "all the forces of for Andrew Cordier, he left no doubt as to society" IS Marxism-Leninism or Commu­ Soviet Russia." . O'Brien. He has hinted at it. He started the self-proclaimed aims of the Marxists-"cre­ chain of thinking that was picked up by ation of a society guaranteeing more real On December 5, 1967, O'Brien and his these boys up here." freedom for all instead of just for a few" wife, Maire MacEntee O'Brien, were arrest­ while being oblivious to the systematiC to­ ed during an anti-draft riot on Whitehall In 1969, O'Brien returned to Dublin and talitarianism which is the inescapable main Street in lower Manhattan. The organizers was elected to the Irish Parliament. Accord­ characteristic of such a system. of the demonstration included the Students ing to the New York Times of April 22, 1969, In no case can that system supported by for a Democratic Society, the Free Universi­ O'Brien attributed his election succe$s to a O'Brien intellectually, though admitting his ty of New York, and the Fifth Avenue Peace general "swing to the left" by Irish voters. "bourgeois" preference for "liberal concepts Parade Committee, a coalition of overtly In the Fine Gael/Labour Party coalition of freedom," be mistaken even for social de­ revolutionary and "peace" groups. government elected in 1973, O'Brien was mocracy. According to the New York Times of named Minister of Posts and Telegraph. In Furthermore, liberal commentator Irving March 6, 1968, O'Brien pleaded not guilty to July 1975, he was one of a delegation Kristo! provided an incisive review of disorderly conduct. On March 18, 1968, the formed by the SocialiSt or Second Interna­ disorderly conduct charges against O'Brien tional to visit Jailed Indian revolutionary O'Brien's "Writers and Politics" in the June leader Jaya Prakash Narayan barred from 20, 1965, tsSue of book W~ek in which he ob­ were dismissed by New York Criminal Court served: Judge Walter Gladwin who said that there India by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. "If any single theme can be said to unite was a reasonable doubt in his mind that