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Of Anatomy Scharrerfrederick A Oliver S. Strong Robert R. Bensley W. Henry Hollinshead CarmineJohn D. Clemente E. Pauly Elizabeth C. Crosby Richard L. Drake G. Carl Huber Ross G. Harrison Oliver S. Strong Wendell J.S. KriegHenry J. Ralston, III Thomas Hunt Morgan Murray L. Barr Charles Judson Herrick Charles WilliamP. Leblond D. WillisDuane E. Haines George Emil Palade Florence R. Sabin Rita Levi-Montalcini John E. Pauly Charles P. Leblond Mettler Leslie Brainerd Arey StephenClement W. Ranson A. Fox Robert D. Yates Elizabeth Dexter HayJ.C. BoileauMurrayDavid Grant L. BarrBodianClement A. Fox Olof LarsellCharles P. Leblond Elizabeth Dexter Hay Charles Judson HerrickRussell T. WoodburneHarland Winfield Mossman George Emil Palade Raymond C. Truex Duane E. Haines Charles P.Rita Leblond Levi-MontalciniThomas Hunt Morgan Edward Anthony Spitzka Bradley M. Patten Malcolm B. Carpenter Florence R. Sabin Frederick A. Alan Peters Charles E. Slonecker Clement A. Fox Barry Joseph Anson the Robert D. Yates SanfordElizabeth C. L.Crosby Palay Aaron J. Ladman Clement A. Fox Aaron J. Ladman Don Wayne FawcettHenry J. Ralston, III Wendell J.S. Krieg Sanfordmany L. Palay Edward AnthonyOliver Spitzka S. Strong Raymond C. Truex Charles E. Slonecker John V. BasmajianLouis B. FlexnerCharles Mayo GossRussell T. Woodburne William D. Willis Robert R. BensleyLouis B. Flexner Leslie Brainerd Arey Jan Langman Carmine D. ClementeFrederickErnst A. Mettler Scharrer Aaron J. Ladman Aaron J. LadmanCharles Judson Herrick Edward AllenCharles Boyden Mayo Goss Keith R. Porter Frederick A. Mettler Keith L. Moore Berta V. Scharrer Bradley M.Faces Patten Oscar V. Batson Thomas Hunt Morgan Carmine D. ClementeErnstof Anatomy ScharrerFrederick A. Mettler Charles Judson Herrick William D. Willis Edward Allen BoydenMurray L. Barr Malcolm B. CarpenterStephen W. Ranson Keith L. Moore Henry J. Ralston, III Oscar V. BatsonDavid Bodian Florence R. SabinRobert R. JohnBensley V. BasmajianMelvin H. Knisely Richard L. Drake J.C. Boileau Grant Duane E. HainesKeith R. Porter Alan Peters Olof LarsellJan LangmanFrank H.J. Figge Barry Joseph Anson W. Henry Hollinshead Melvin H. Knisely Harland Winfield Mossman Wendell J.S. Krieg Leslie Brainerd AreyDon Wayne Fawcett Aaron J. Ladman CharlesRussell Judson T. Herrick Woodburne Berta V. Scharrer Ross G. Harrison 1 2 Introduction Since its founding in 1888, the American Association of Anatomists (AAA) has, through the individual efforts of its members, and collectively as a pre-eminent scientific society, made many significant contributions in anatomical science research and education. Members of the AAA have been recognized worldwide for leading edge scientific accomplishments that have been honored at the highest levels, research that has been enshrined as eponyms in basic science and medicine, and the generation of documents that have literally changed the approach, direction, and emphasis of anatomical science education around the world. In honor and recognition of its 125th Anniversary, AAA created this commemorative brochure to highlight individuals that represent a cross-section of members spanning a broad range of expertise, accomplishment, time frames, and overall contributions to the field. It is recognized that a favorite individual may not appear here. However, nominations were received from the membership, and from committees, and most were included. In addition, many notable members also served as President of the AAA and they are recognized elsewhere in this celebration. We hope the members enjoy this snap shot. Oliver S. Strong Thomas Hunt Morgan (b. 29 December 1864; d. 22 (b. 25 September 1866; d. 4 December February 1951) had a long and 1945) received his PhD from Johns notable affiliation with Columbia Hopkins University in 1890 and became University; he became a Fellow an Associate Professor at Bryn Mawr in Biology (1891), received his the following year. He did not begin his PhD (1895), and retired in 1937. famous work with fruit flies until 1908, In addition to his publications on topics as diverse as cranial nerves, during his time at Columbia University, cerebellar agenesis, experimental when he began studying the inheritance methodology, spinal cord tracts, of mutations. Morgan also proposed the and neurohistology; Strong had an encyclopedic ideas of genetic linkage and crossing knowledge of brain anatomy. This was shown by his over. Additionally, Morgan maintained an participation in neurology clinics, co-authorship of interest in evolution and in marine biology throughout his Textbook of Histology, his decades of service to the career. He was awarded the Darwin Medal in 1924 and Journal of Comparative Neurology, but primarily by the the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for his enthusiastic reception of 3 editions his text Human work implicating the role chromosomes play in heredity. Neuroanatomy. This book’s reputation of excellence In Morgan’s honor, the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is assured its passage through many editions. awarded annually by the Genetics Society of America. G. Carl Huber (b. 30 August 1865; d. 26 Robert R. Bensley (b. 13 November 1867; d. 11 June December 1934) was one of 1956), noted histologist, worked at the the dominant influences in the University of Toronto as a Demonstrator development of anatomy at the while also practicing medicine after University of Michigan during the graduating from medical school in first half of the 20th century. After 1892. He left to become the head of the graduation from the University of Anatomy Department at the University Michigan Medical School in 1887, of Chicago in 1901. There, he improved he began as Assistant Demonstrator staining techniques to visualize the cells of Anatomy and remained on of the islands of Langerhans, which led to F. Banting’s the faculty – the last 20 years as Chair – until his discovery of insulin. Bensley also confirmed the presence death in 1934. For eight years he was also Dean of of the Golgi apparatus, and demonstrated the means of the Graduate School. Along with George Streeter, gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid. Bensley elucidated he founded the Embryology Research Collection at the chemical composition of mitochondria with one Michigan and concentrated his research in this area of his students, Norman L. Hoerr, and improved other on kidney development. He served the AAA as both techniques used in cytochemistry. Bensley continued his Secretary-Treasurer and President and was managing work late into his life, presenting his last paper to the editor of The Anatomical Record until 1920. Histological Society in 1953. 4 Charles Judson Herrick Florence R. Sabin (b. 6 October 1868; d. 29 January (b. 9 November 1871; d. 3 1960) became the Editor of The October 1953) was elected as the Journal of Comparative Neurology at first woman president of the AAA. the age of 25 years, consequent to his Sabin was a medical scientist with brother’s illness, and served in that a passion for spelunking and a position for about 35 years. Herrick pioneer for women in science. She made many important contributions was the first woman to hold a full to our knowledge of the nervous professorship at Johns Hopkins system. He was author of 5 editions of School of Medicine, the first Introduction to Neurology, of Laboratory Outline of woman elected to the National Neurology, and of the widely respected The Brain Academy of Sciences, and the first woman to head a of The Tiger Salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. He department at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical also wrote books of general interest such as The Research. Her research focused on the lymphatic Thinking Machine, The Evolution of Human Nature, system, blood vessels and cells, and tuberculosis. In and others. Herrick was a giant in the field of her retirement years, she pursued a second career comparative neuroanatomy. as a public health activist in Colorado, and in 1951 received a Lasker Award for this work. Ross G. Harrison (b. 13 January 1870; d. 30 Edward A. Spitzka September 1959) made one of (b. 17 June 1876; d. 4 the most important scientific September 1922), during his contributions of the 20th century comparatively short life, made with his refinement of methods to notable contributions to the field successfully culture, and observe, of anatomy. During his last year as developing neurons over time. This a student at Columbia University work, done between 1906 and (MD, 1902), Spitzka conducted 1908, definitively proved that axons the autopsy on the brain of Leon were outgrowths of the neuron cell Czolgosz, the assassin of President McKinley. This body. This work resulted in his nomination for reflected a lifelong interest in brain anatomy and its the Nobel Prize in 1917 (not awarded) and a possible relationship to asocial/criminal behavior. “special” consideration for the prize in 1933 (not In 1906, Spitzka became Professor and Chair of awarded). Harrison was co-founder of the Journal General and Descriptive Anatomy at Thomas Jefferson of Experimental Zoology and its managing editor University. Soon thereafter, he became an editor of for 43 years. He received numerous accolades, the American Edition of Gray’s Anatomy; co-editor in including 11 honorary doctorate degrees, and was 1908, sole editor from 1910 until 1913. President of the AAA from 1911 to 1913. 5 Stephen Walter Ranson J.C. Boileau Grant (b. 28 August 1880; d. 30 August (b. 6 February 1886; d. 14 1942) had an early interest August 1973) was a world renowned in psychology but migrated to Canadian anatomist. His books: neuroanatomy (PhD, 1905) and A Method of Anatomy, Descriptive neurology (MD, 1907). After a brief and Deductive; Atlas of Anatomy; stint in medical practice, he embarked and Dissector, made an indelible on a notable career in research, impression on the teaching of administration, and scholarship. His anatomy throughout the world. His notable scientific papers covered knowledge of anatomical facts was most aspects of the nervous system including: the encyclopedic and he enjoyed sharing his knowledge hypothalamus, basal nuclei, cerebellum, vasomotor with others.
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