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Zelfbouwpakket Van Een Extruder Duurzame Ontwerpoptimalisatie

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Zelfbouwpakket Van Een Extruder Duurzame Ontwerpoptimalisatie Duurzame ontwerpoptimalisatie van een zelfbouwpakket van een extruder Cedric Van den Dwey Studentennummer: 01309194 Promotoren: Ingrid Claus, Frank De Mets Masterproef ingediend tot het behalen van de academische graad van Master of Science in de industriële wetenschappen: elektromechanica Academiejaar 2018-2019 Duurzame ontwerpoptimalisatie van een zelfbouwpakket van een extruder Cedric Van den Dwey Studentennummer: 01309194 Promotoren: Ingrid Claus, Frank De Mets Masterproef ingediend tot het behalen van de academische graad van Master of Science in de industriële wetenschappen: elektromechanica Academiejaar 2018-2019 De auteur geeft de toelating deze masterproef voor consultatie beschikbaar te stellen en delen van de masterproef te kopiëren voor persoonlijk gebruik. Elk ander gebruik valt onder de bepalingen van het auteursrecht, in het bijzonder met betrekking tot de verplichting de bron uitdrukkelijk te vermelden bij het aanhalen van resultaten uit deze masterproef. The author gives permission to make this master dissertation available for consultation and to copy parts of this master dissertation for personal use. In all cases of other use, the copyright terms have to be respected, in particular with regard to the obligation to state explicitly the source when quoting results from this master dissertation. Augustus 2019 I WOORD VOORAF Deze masterscriptie werd geschreven in het kader van het behalen van het diploma Industriële Wetenschappen: Elektromechanica aan de Universiteit van Gent. De scriptie is het resultaat van een jaar hard werken dat gepaard ging met enkele ups en downs. Het voltooien van dit werk zou zonder de steun van enkele personen niet gelukt zijn. Deze personen wil ik dan ook graag bedanken. Allereerst wil ik mijn promotor, mevrouw Ingrid Claus, hartelijk bedanken. In het eerste semester heb ik dankzij haar tijdens het vak Duurzame ingenieurstechnieken een betere kijk gekregen op het begrip duurzaamheid en alles daarrond. Gelijktijdig ben ik in aanraking gekomen met het onderwerp van deze masterscriptie. Gedurende het hele academiejaar maakte ze bijna wekelijks tijd vrij om samen te zitten. Op die momenten kreeg ik vaak nieuwe inzichten mee zodat ik terug op het juiste pad terecht kwam. Hierbij wil ik ook mijn promotor dhr. Frank De Mets bedanken voor de hulp bij het aanpassen van enkele 3D-ontwerpen in NX. Verder gaat mijn dank ook uit naar prof. ir. Tom Claessens voor het doorsturen van het handige boek in verband met warmteberekeningen en dhr. Willem Van De Steene voor de feedback over een tussentijds ontwerp van een extruder. Gedurende het tweede semester heb ik een enquête opgesteld en rondgestuurd naar de Vlaamse scholen en vestigingen van het secundair onderwijs. Hierop kreeg ik vaak als antwoord dat de school reeds werd overstelpt met vragen om mee te werken aan wetenschappelijk onderzoek of enquêtes en dat ze daarom niet zou deelnemen aan mijn enquête. Na enige tijd werden uiteindelijk bijna negentig ingevulde enquêtes ingediend. Ik wil daarom alle leerkrachten en bestuursleden van de scholen bedanken die de tijd hebben genomen om de enquête in te vullen. Zonder de verkregen respons was het niet mogelijk om betrouwbare conclusies te trekken uit de resultaten. Ten slotte wil ik mijn familie, vriendin en vrienden bedanken voor de nodige steun en hulp. In het bijzonder bedank ik mijn ouders voor het nalezen en verbeteren van deze scriptie. II ABSTRACT Duurzame ontwerpoptimalisatie van een zelfbouwpakket van een extruder In deze scriptie worden de technisch georiënteerde aspecten voor een natuur- en milieu-educatief pakket rond zwerfvuil uitgewerkt. Het doel van dit educatief pakket is leerlingen te sensibiliseren voor circulaire economie en de mogelijkheden van het sluiten van de materiaalcyclus van plastic door hen te laten experimenteren met een extruder. Hiermee wordt ook beoogd om de leerlingen te doen inzien dat hun gedrag en de keuzes die ze maken maatschappelijke en ecologische consequenties hebben. Om tot zo’n duurzaam ontwerp te komen werden eerst de gewichten van alle componenten van een extruder met behulp van het softwarepakket NX bepaald om als input te dienen voor een levenscyclusanalyse met SimaPro. Daarnaast werden zelf nog twee types behuizingen voor deze extruder duurzaam ontworpen waarbij diende voldaan te zijn aan bepaalde veiligheidsnormen. Daarbij werd een vergelijkende studie gemaakt van de productie respectievelijk van de afvalscenario’s van beide behuizingen en werd de opbouw van deze levencyclusanalyses gedocumenteerd met aanvullende milieu-informatie. Binnen duurzaamheid wordt naast het ecologisch aspect ook gekeken naar het sociaal aspect. Een enquête werd afgenomen bij leerkrachten en bestuursleden van scholen van het secundair onderwijs en specifiek de scholen met aandacht voor STEM (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics) om het draagvlak na te gaan voor het gebruik van een extruder binnen het secundair onderwijs. De voornaamste conclusies zijn dat men bewust is dat er moet gerecycleerd worden en er minder plastic moet gebruikt worden, maar dat men niet altijd goed weet wat een duurzame oplossing is. Twee derde van de respondenten gaf aan dat er budget is om een basiskit voor een extruder aan te schaffen en dat de helft daarvan zelfs meer kan investeren. Als de school reeds over een 3D-printer beschikt, bleken de respondenten de meerwaarde van zo een extruder beter in te zien. III Sustainable design optimisation of a do-it-yourself kit of an extruder Cedric Van den Dwey Supervisors: Ingrid Claus, Frank De Mets impact. The computed total weight of the basic kit Abstract: This thesis analyses the components of the Basic Kit corresponds closely to the weight of two kilogram reported by of the Evo extruder from Felfil and computes their ecological Felfil, see Table 1. impact. Further, the thesis contains the design of two types of cases for this extruder and the analysis of their sustainability. Table 1: List of parts of the basic kit Finally, also the social impact is studied by means of a survey Part Material Weight (g) Number conducted with teachers and school directors. Support Steel 470.1 1 Keywords: sustainability, design, extruder, plastic filament Gearmotor Steel 970.0 1 Copper 30.0 1 Insulation Teflon 27.7 1 INTRODUCTION Melting chamber Aluminium 248.5 1 Nozzle Messing 76.0 1 The topic of the present work is building upon those of the Screw Steel K100 135.0 1 master theses by Sam de Sadeleer [1] and Stef Decorte [2]. O-ring Viton rubber 0.3 1 The former dealt with the end-of-life of materials found in Total Basic Kit 1957.6 residual waste in Flanders. The latter continued with an impact analysis of this residual waste part and investigated the technological opportunities to close the cycle of materials. An educational center of the Flemish government to promote awareness about nature and environment plans to use an educational package that is based upon their results. The latter thesis looked in particular for an example to close the cycle of materials. The Evo filament extruder from Felfil was proposed as a do-it-yourself kit. With this extruder it is possible to produce your own plastic filament from recycled plastic to be used as feeding material for a 3D-printer. The aim of the present thesis is to further elaborate the technical aspects of this educational package about waste and litter with sustainability in view. Figure 1: Basic kit of Felfil in NX I. LITERATURE STUDY Felfil offers supplementary parts such as a hopper and a case to cover the electronic parts as well. They are made from The literature on circular economy is searched for design PETG and their weights are also determined using NX. This strategies that focusses on the sustainability of the design. This information will be used in the design of our two cases in the chapter describes those that are selected from literature on next chapter. basis of their applicability to improve the sustainability of the design of the extruder. The following three are discussed: III. DESIGN OF TWO CASES Design for Disassembly Two types of cases for the extruder are designed, keeping Design for Recyclability the rules for sustainability and safety measures in mind. The Design from Recycling first concept is mainly made of aluminium while the second one is mainly made from wood. II. EXTRUDER BASIC KIT Certain parts and surfaces of the components of the basic kit and of the cases can heat up a lot when the extruder is In this chapter the operation of the basic kit by Felfil (see working. Therefore a heat transfer study has been conducted Figure 1) is analysed and described. Next, the weights of the [3]. A first step is to compute the temperatures that these different components of the extruder are determined on the surfaces can reach in order to compare those to the maximal basis of the density of the materials and by means of the ones allowed by the norm NBN EN ISO 13732-1 [4]. Details software package NX. This information will later be used as about this norm and related safety issues to be taken into input of the program SimaPro to compute the ecological account in the design of the extruder are discussed in the next chapter. Two types of heat transfer are relevant for this design study namely conduction and convection. For the first case the IV maximum temperature at the surface on the outside reaches temperature of the different parts and surfaces for the two 57,1°C. The temperature on the outside of the second case is concepts of cases. The calculations are done under the 56,6°C. Both of these temperatures are allowed by the norm. assumption that there will be no intentional contact with the Furthermore the steel support of the basic kit can hit heated parts. temperatures up to 144,7°C. With this in mind, the case should A second standard NBN EN ISO 13857 [5] determines the protect the users from touching it and should be able to minimal safety distances to dangerous areas that can be withstand this temperature itself.
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