DOCSLIB.ORG

Predicting Factors Affecting Fire Behaviour in Heathland Vegetation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Predicting Factors Affecting Fire Behaviour in Heathland Vegetation Predicting Factors Affecting Fire Behaviour in Heathland Vegetation PhD Thesis - Brendan Pippen Supervisors: Jim Gould (CSIRO), Bushfire CRC Program A1.1 Fire Behaviour Modelling Wendy Anderson (UNSW@ADFA) Fires in Heathlands Sydney Australia has some of the most fire prone vegetation in the world. Generally regarded as the Sandstone most volatile fuels are heathlands (shrublands) and sparse dry-sclerophyll eucalypt woodland Basin with a heath understorey. In these fuel types up to 80% of fuel burnt can be live fuels. The Sydney Sandstone Basin has vast areas of these vegetation types close to its 6,500km of urban interface. Fires in heathland and heathy woodland surrounding Sydney have caused millions of Study Site dollars of damage and claimed the lives of a number of people. Following the death of 4 National Little Forest Parks and Wildlife Service staff in Kuring-Gai-Chase National Park (Jun 2000) a key recommendation Plateau of the State Coroner was that there be a burn guide formulated for the Sydney Basin. Moreton A prescribed burning guide is formulated by measuring fires in a given vegetation type and modelling National Park the relationship between the Rate of Spread (ROS) and Dead Fine Fuel Moisture (FFM), Live Fine Fuel Moisture (LFM), fuel characteristics, topography and wind speed at the fire. Project Overview Fire behaviour in heath & heathy woodland is governed by a number of factors including: • Dead fine fuel moisture (<6mm diameter) • Live fine fuel moisture (<3mm diameter) • Sedge live:dead ratio In this project field and laboratory data will be collected and used to investigate, develop and test methods for predicting these factors for Sydney Sandstone Basin heathy fuels. 3 year PhD initiated January 2004. Poster details progress at May 2005 (15 months). Live Fuel Moisture sampling site – Little Forest Plateau Dead Fine Fuel Moisture (FFM) Sedge Live:Dead Ratio Lab: Controlled Field: Compare FFM in heath Field: Measure the live:dead ratio of sedge Environment Chamber: with adjacent heathy woodland: (grass like vegetation) seasonally : • Samples exposed to a • Drying after rain & diurnal FFM • Last week in each season range of RH’s for • 3 Transects, each 10 x 0.05m2 quadrants •Flat site adsorption and • Sort samples into live and dead, herbs & • 5 x 3 day sets, hourly sampling desorption at a standard sedge then oven-dry and weigh • 2 autumn & 1 spring completed: temperature % Live Sedge % Dead Sedge 100% • Periodically weigh 90% 80% samples to determine 52% 70% 62% 57% 55% drying curves 60% 50% 40% 30% 48% Woodland: 20% 38% 43% 43% 10% • Surface litter 0% 2004 Winter 2004 Spring 2005 Summer 2005 Autumn • Elevated litter 90 80 70 •Duff 60 50 40 • Sedge 30 20 10 Heathland: 0 23- 20- 17- 15- 12- 10- 07- 04- 04- 01- 29- 27- 24- • Sedge Jul- Aug- Sep- Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan- Feb- Mar- Apr- Apr- May- Jun- •Duff 04 04 04 04 04 04 05 05 05 05 05 05 05 LFP KBDI LFP SDI Live Fine Fuel Moisture (LFFM) Banksia ericifolia Hakea teretifolia Leptospermum poligalifolium Allocasuarina littoralis Sedge spp. Field: Measure 300 300 300 300 300 Rain - (mm) Rain - (mm) Rain - (mm) Rain - (mm) Rain - (mm) Banksia ericifolia - Combined Hakea teretifolia - Combined New shoots Leptospermum polygalifolium - Combined Allocasuarina littoralis - Combined Sedge spp. - Combined LFFM of 4 common Banksia ericifolia - Juvenile Hakea teretifolia - Juvenile 250 250 250 Soil - (0-5cm) 250 Soil - (0-5cm) 250 Soil - (0-5cm) Banksia ericifolia - Mature Hakea teretifolia - Mature Soil - (5-20cm) Soil - (5-20cm) Soil - (5-20cm) shrubs, one sedge Soil - (0-5cm) New shoots Soil - (0-5cm) Soil - (5-20cm) 200 Soil - (5-20cm) 200 200 species and soil 200 200 New shoots New shoots moisture fortnightly 150 150 150 150 150 100 100 100 100 100 • Over two years LFM (% & Soil of ODW) / Daily (mmRainfall • Test against KBDI, 50 50 50 50 50 SDI & DF(Forest) 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 -04 0 -04 04 0 0 0 0 -04 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 -0 -0 -04 -0 -0 0 0 -0 t-0 -0 l - t-04 v- - r- r-0 - -05 - - - r- r- r-0 l t v c-0 n r b u b p p n b-05 ug-04 p a p u e p -J e e e e Ap -J Oc -Oc -Nov-0 -Fe -Mar- -Apr-0 -Ma -A -Mar-05 -Apr A -S -Nov-04 -A - 3 - -D -Ja -Feb- -A 23-Jul 5 2 4 4 9 23 7-Sep 5-Oc 4-F 9 23-Jul-0 7-S 5-Oct- 4-F 9 23-Jul- 5-Oct- 0-Dec 7-Jan-05 2 0-Aug 7-Sep 5 0 7 9 20-Aug-0417-Sep-04 1 1 10-Dec-04 07-Jan-050 0 01-Apr-05 2 20-Aug-041 1 12-No 10-Dec-04 07-Jan-050 04 01-Apr- 2 20-Aug 1 1 12-Nov-0410-Dec-0 07-Ja 0 04 01-Apr-05 2 20- 17 1 12 1 0 04-Feb-0504-M 01 29 2 1 1 12-No 1 0 04 04-Mar-05 01-Apr- 2 Date Date Date Date Date PhD scholarship, travel and equipment for this project is funded by the Bushfire CRC - Program A1.1 Fire Behaviour Modelling. The project would not be possible without the following collaborators: CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products - Bushfire / Natural Hazards - National Parks and Wildlife Service The University of New South Wales Bushfire Behaviour and Management Unit New South Wales Fire Brigade of New South Wales © Bushfire CRC Limited 2005.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Banksia Vincentia (Proteaceae), a New Species Known from Fourteen Plants from South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia
    Phytotaxa 163 (5): 269–286 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.3 Could this be Australia’s rarest Banksia? Banksia vincentia (Proteaceae), a new species known from fourteen plants from south-eastern New South Wales, Australia MARGARET L. STIMPSON1, JEREMY J. BRUHL1 & PETER H. WESTON2 1 Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 2 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Abstract Possession of hooked, distinctively discolorous styles, a broadly flabellate common bract subtending each flower pair, and a lignotuber place a putative new species, Banksia sp. Jervis Bay, in the B. spinulosa complex. Phenetic analysis of individuals from all named taxa in the B. spinulosa complex, including B. sp. Jervis Bay, based on leaf, floral, seed and bract characters support recognition of this species, which is described here as Banksia vincentia M.L.Stimpson & P.H.Weston. Known only from fourteen individuals, B. vincentia is distinguished by its semi-prostrate habit, with basally prostrate, distally ascending branches from the lignotuber, and distinctive perianth colouring. Its geographical location and ecological niche also separate it from its most similar congeners. Introduction The Banksia spinulosa complex has a complicated taxonomic history (Table 1). Smith (1793) first described and named B. spinulosa Sm., and subsequent botanists named two close relatives, B. collina R.Br. and B.
    [Show full text]
  • N E W S L E T T E R
    N E W S L E T T E R PLANTS OF TASMANIA Nursery and Gardens 65 Hall St Ridgeway TAS 7054 Open 7 Days a week – 9 am to 5 pm Closed Christmas Day, Boxing Day and Good Friday Phone: (03) 6239 1583 Fax: (03) 6239 1106 Email: [email protected] Newsletter 26 Spring 2011 Website: www.potn.com.au Hello, and welcome to the spring newsletter for 2011! News from the Nursery We are madly propagating at the moment, with many thousands of new cuttings putting their roots out and seedlings popping their heads up above the propagating mix. It is always an exciting time, as we experiment with seed from new species – sometimes they work, and sometimes we understand why we’ve never grown them before... New plants should start being put out into the sales area soon – fresh-faced little things ready to pop into the ground! We have recently purchased a further block of land from the ex-neighbours Jubilee Nursery, now sadly closed, that will give us a lot more flexibility and the ability to grow and store more plants. As mentioned last newsletter we have done some major revamping in the garden. A lot of work by all the staff has led to a much more open garden with a lovely Westringia brevifolia hedge (well, it will be a hedge when it grows a bit), another Micrantheum hexandrum Cream Cascade hedge-to-be, lots of Correas, Lomatias and Baueras. Where we sell a few forms of a particular species we have tried to plant examples of each so that we can show you what they are like.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Analysis of Samples from the Cooperage Archaeological Site, Darling Square West
    Appendix 3: Pollen Report _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Casey & Lowe Archaeological Investigation The Cooperage, South West Plot, Darling Square CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE OF DARLING HARBOUR: POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE COOPERAGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, DARLING SQUARE WEST, HAYMARKET Mike Macphail View of estuarine deposits in Area A, Test Trench 7, Cooperage archaeological site Darling Square West (photograph by Sandra Kuiters, Casey & Lowe Pty. Ltd.) Report prepared 2 April 2015 for Casey & Lowe Heritage Consultants Pty. Ltd. (Leichardt) Consultant Palynological Services, 13 Walu Place, Aranda. A.C.T. 2614 Ph. 02-6251-1631/0432-233-230. E-mail [email protected] 1 1. INTRODUCTION Belated recognition (Gammage 2012) that much of the Australian landscape is a cultural landscape has refocused interest in the environments encountered by Europeans at the time of first settlement of Sydney Cove in 1788 – both as evidence for (i) the impact of millennia of skilful burning by Australia's Indigenous inhabitants and (ii) as a bench mark to assess change shaped by c. 225 years of European occupation. As for the Tank Stream Valley (Macphail 2014a), direct evidence of the 1788 environment is mostly limited to observations in early Colonial documents and fossils in late eighteen century or older sediments fortuitously preserved under younger cultural deposits. Redevelopment of the foreshore of Darling Harbour has provided a unique opportunity to reconstruct the pre- and post-European settlement landscapes encompassing Cockle Bay, the most eastern bay in the complex of bays called 'the harbour-within-the harbour' by Stephenson & Kennedy 1980). Unlike the eastern (Sydney CBD ridge) foreshore of Cockle Bay, which was occupied by Europeans in the 1790s, the southwestern (Ultimo-Pyrmont) foreshore was part of a large Colonial Period Estate (Harris Estate) that was quarantined from urban developments into the 1850s (Fitzgerald & Golder 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Banksia Vincentia
    THREATENED SPECIES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Established under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The Minister approved this conservation advice and included this species in the Critically Endangered category, effective from 15 February 2018 Conservation Advice Banksia vincentia Summary of assessment Conservation status Banksia vincentia has been found to be eligible for listing in the Critically Endangered category, as outlined in the attached assessment. Reason for conservation assessment by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee This advice follows assessment of information provided by New South Wales as part of the Common Assessment Method process, to systematically review species that are inconsistently listed under the EPBC Act and relevant state/territory legislation or lists. More information on the Common Assessment Method is available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/cam The information in this assessment has been compiled by the relevant state/territory government. In adopting this assessment under the EPBC Act, this document forms the Approved Conservation Advice for this species as required under s266B of the EPBC Act. Public consultation Notice of the proposed amendment and a consultation document was made available for public comment for 31 business days between 23 February 2017 and 10 April 2017. Any comments received that were relevant to the survival of the species were considered by the Committee as part of the assessment process. Recovery plan A recovery plan for this species under the EPBC Act is not recommended, because the Approved Conservation Advice provides sufficient direction to implement priority actions and mitigate against key threats. The relevant state/territory may decide to develop a plan under its equivalent legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Tracker 97
    Proprietor: Ashley Elliott 230 Tannery Lane Mandurang Victoria 3551 Telephone: (03) 5439 5384 PlantPlant CatalogueCatalogue Facsimile: (03) 5439 3618 E-mail: [email protected] Central & Northern Victoria's Indigenous Nursery Please contact the nursery to confirm stock availablity Non-Local Plants aneura Mulga or Yarran Acacia ramulosa Horse Mulga or Narrow Leaf Mulga Acacia aphylla Acacia redolens Acacia argrophylla Silver Mulga Acacia restiacea Acacia beckleri Barrier Range Wattle Acacia rhigiophylla Dagger-leaved Acacia Acacia cardiophylla Wyalong Wattle Acacia riceana Acacia chinchillensis Acacia rossei Acacia cliftoniana ssp congesta Acacia spectabilis Mudgee Wattle Acacia cognata River Wattle - low form Acacia spinescens Spiny Wattle Acacia cognata River or Bower Wattle Acacia spongilitica Acacia conferta Crowded-leaf Wattle Acacia squamata Bright Sedge Wattle Acacia convenyii Blue Bush Acacia stigmatophylla Acacia cultriformis Knife-leaf Wattle Acacia subcaerulea Acacia cupularis Coastal prostrate Acacia vestita Hairy Wattle Acacia cyclops Round-seeded Acacia Acacia victoriae Bramble Wattle or Elegant Wattle Acacia declinata Acacia wilhelmiana Dwarf Nealie Acacia decora Western Silver Wattle Acacia willdenowiana Leafless Wattle Acacia denticulosa Sandpaper Wattle Acacia caerulescens caerulescens Buchan Blue Acacia drummondii subsp Dwarf Drummond Wattle Acanthocladium dockeri Laura Daisy drummondii Actinodium cunninghamii Albany Daisy or Swamp Daisy Acacia elata Cedar Wattle Actinodium species (prostrate form) Acacia
    [Show full text]
  • Indigigrow Bush Foods & Native Plant Nursery
    IndigiGrow Bush Foods & Native Plant Nursery Corner Bunnerong Road & Yarra Road, IndigiGrow is a not-for-profit social La Perouse Public School La Perouse NSW 2036 enterprise of Nursery Mob: 0439 327 933 First Hand Solutions Aboriginal Corporation www.indigigrow.com.au www.firsthandsolutions.org www.facebook.com/indigigrownativebushfoodplants www.indigigrow.com.au www.facebook.com/firsthandsolutions www.facebook.com/indigigrow ABN: 24365530976 Tubestock: 140mm Pot Size: 1-20 plants $2.80* 1-20 plants $8* 21-50 plants $2.70* 21 plants or more $7* 51-99 plants $2.50* 100 plants or more $1.90* * Unless specified otherwise PLEASE NOTE: Quantity discounts are only available when purchasing over the phone or when purchasing in person at the nursery at La Perouse NB: Tray charge of $5 per tray applies for tubestock/shuttle trays. Alternatively, plants can be placed in a cardboard/foam box. The tray charge is refunded if you return the tray. NB: IndigiGrow recommends caution when foraging for bush foods in the wild. Like fungi, there are native plants which although may look like they may be edible, are in fact highly toxic. The plants we grow are known to be edible or medicinal and are classified as safe to use in this regard. Last Updated 6th November 2019 Common Name Binomial Name 140mm Pot Tubestock Other Size Pot Size Coastal Wattle Acacia longifolia var sophorae 1 Parramatta Wattle Acacia parramattensis 0 Sweet-scented wattle Acacia suaveolens 3 77 Sunshine Wattle Acacia terminalis 1 Prickly Moses Acacia ulicifolia 0 Flannel Flower Actinotus
    [Show full text]
  • The 1770 Landscape of Botany Bay, the Plants Collected by Banks and Solander and Rehabilitation of Natural Vegetation at Kurnell
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Backdrop to encounter: the 1770 landscape of Botany Bay, the plants collected by Banks and Solander and rehabilitation of natural vegetation at Kurnell Doug Benson1 and Georgina Eldershaw2 1Botanic Gardens Trust, Mrs Macquaries Rd Sydney 2000 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] 2Parks & Wildlife Division, Dept of Environment and Conservation (NSW), PO Box 375 Kurnell NSW 2231 AUSTRALIA email [email protected] Abstract: The first scientific observations on the flora of eastern Australia were made at Botany Bay in April–May 1770. We discuss the landscapes of Botany Bay and particularly of the historic landing place at Kurnell (lat 34˚ 00’ S, long 151˚ 13’ E) (about 16 km south of central Sydney), as described in the journals of Lieutenant James Cook and Joseph Banks on the Endeavour voyage in 1770. We list 132 plant species that were collected at Botany Bay by Banks and Daniel Solander, the first scientific collections of Australian flora. The list is based on a critical assessment of unpublished lists compiled by authors who had access to the collection of the British Museum (now Natural History Museum), together with species from material at National Herbarium of New South Wales that has not been previously available. The list includes Bidens pilosa which has been previously regarded as an introduced species. In 1770 the Europeans set foot on Aboriginal land of the Dharawal people. Since that time the landscape has been altered in response to a succession of different land-uses; farming and grazing, commemorative tree planting, parkland planting, and pleasure ground and tourist visitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigigrow Bush Foods & Native Plant Nursery
    IndigiGrow Bush Foods & Native Plant Nursery Corner Bunnerong Road & Yarra Road, IndigiGrow is a not-for-profit social La Perouse Public School La Perouse NSW 2036 enterprise of Nursery Mob: 0439 327 933 First Hand Solutions Aboriginal Corporation www.indigigrow.com.au www.firsthandsolutions.org www.facebook.com/indigigrownativebushfoodplants www.indigigrow.com.au www.facebook.com/firsthandsolutions www.facebook.com/indigigrow ABN: 24365530976 Plant Information Guide – The Plants We Grow NB: IndigiGrow recommends caution when foraging for bush foods in the wild. Like fungi, there are native plants which although may look like they may be edible, are in fact highly toxic. The plants we grow are known to be edible or medicinal and are classified as safe to use in this regard. ESBS = Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Native = General Native Medicine = Medicinal Plant Bush Food = Edible use ESBS Companion Plant = Commonly found growing amongst Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub but not classified as Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub Last Updated 5th November 2019 Grasses, Herbs, Flowers and Vines Up to 2 Metres Common Name Binomial Name Description Gardening Uses, Height & General Information Flannel Flower Actinotus helianthi Insect Up to 50cm, full sun, white flowers, soft foliage attracting ESBS Albany Woolly Adenanthos sericeus Bird & insect Up to 2 metres, full sun, drainage, soft textural leaves Bush attracting Native Native Ginger Alpinia caerulea Edible Fruit, Up to 2 metres, clumping, fragrant, indoors, tropical, pots Leaves and Rhizome Bush Food Sea Celery Apium prostratum Edible Leaves Up to 40cm, part shade to filtered light, indoors, moist soils Bush Food Common Name Binomial Name Description Gardening Uses, Height & General Information Chocolate Lily Arthropodium Edible tubers Up to 40cm, pretty flowers, rockeries, pots, bee habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Gardens and Stewardship
    GARDENS AND STEWARDSHIP Thaddeus Zagorski (Bachelor of Theology; Diploma of Education; Certificate 111 in Amenity Horticulture; Graduate Diploma in Environmental Studies with Honours) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2007 School of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Tasmania STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for any other degree or graduate diploma by the University of Tasmania or in any other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by other persons, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis or in footnotes. Thaddeus Zagorski University of Tasmania Date: This thesis may be made available for loan or limited copying in accordance with the Australian Copyright Act of 1968. Thaddeus Zagorski University of Tasmania Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is not merely the achievement of a personal goal, but a culmination of a journey that started many, many years ago. As culmination it is also an impetus to continue to that journey. In achieving this personal goal many people, supervisors, friends, family and University colleagues have been instrumental in contributing to the final product. The initial motivation and inspiration for me to start this study was given by Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick, Dr. Elaine Stratford, and my friend Alison Howman. For that challenge I thank you. I am deeply indebted to my three supervisors Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick, Dr. Elaine Stratford and Dr. Aidan Davison. Each in their individual, concerted and special way guided me to this omega point.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Proteaceae with Special Reference to the Sydney Region
    951 Ecology of Proteaceae with special reference to the Sydney region P.J. Myerscough, R.J. Whelan and R.A. Bradstock Myerscough, P.J.1, Whelan, R.J.2, and Bradstock, R.A.3 (1Institute of Wildlife Research, School of Biological Sciences (A08), University of Sydney, NSW 2006; 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522; 3Biodiversity Research and Management Division, NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service, PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW 1481) Ecology of Proteaceae with special reference to the Sydney region. Cunninghamia 6(4): 951–1015. In Australia, the Proteaceae are a diverse group of plants. They inhabit a wide range of environments, many of which are low in plant resources. They support a wide range of animals and other organisms, and show distinctive patterns of distribution in relation to soils, climate and geological history. These patterns of distribution, relationships with nutrients and other resources, interactions with animals and other organisms and dynamics of populations in Proteaceae are addressed in this review, particularly for the Sydney region. The Sydney region, with its wide range of environments, offers great opportunities for testing general questions in the ecology of the Proteaceae. For instance, its climate is not mediterranean, unlike the Cape region of South Africa, south- western and southern Australia, where much of the research on plants of Proteaceae growing in infertile habitats has been done. The diversity and abundance of Proteaceae vary in the Sydney region inversely with fertility of habitats. In the region’s rainforest there are few Proteaceae and their populations are sparse, whereas in heaths in the region, Proteaceae are often diverse and may dominate the canopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Inter-Fire Intervals on the Reproductive Output of Resprouters
    Austral Ecology (2005) 30, 407–413 Effects of inter-fire intervals on the reproductive output of resprouters and obligate seeders in the Proteaceae KIRSTEN J. E. KNOX* AND DAVID A. MORRISON† Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Gore Hill, New South Wales, Australia Abstract Fire is often used as a management tool in fire-prone communities to reduce fuel loads with the intention of reducing the severity and extent of unplanned fires, often resulting in the increased occurrence of fire in the dry sclerophyll vegetation of Australia. This study examined the effects of fire frequency (length of the inter- fire interval) on the reproductive output of seven plant species in the Proteaceae, including obligate seeding shrubs (Hakea teretifolia, Petrophile pulchella), resprouting shrubs (Banksia spinulosa, Isopogon anemonifolius, Lambertia formosa) and resprouting trees (Banksia serrata, Xylomelum pyriforme). Reproductive output (measured as either number of confructescences or follicles) and relative size were estimated for 100 individuals at each of five sample sites, covering a range of past fire frequencies over 26 years including repeated short inter-fire intervals. Patterns in reproductive output (after standardizing for size) were related to the life-history attributes of the species. In areas that had experienced short inter-fire intervals, obligate seeders had greater reproductive output compared with longer intervals, and the reproductive output of resprouting shrubs was less. Fire frequency did not affect reproductive
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Proteaceae Taxon: Banksia spinulosa Synonym: Banksia collina R. Br. Common Name: hairpin banksia Banksia cunninghamii Sieber ex Rchb. Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 n 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1,
    [Show full text]