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1 1. Trait Theory 2. Great Man Theory 3. Charismatic Theory 4. Frederick NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua 1. Trait theory 2. Great Man Theory 3. Charismatic Theory 4. Frederick Taylor 5. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth 6. Henry Gantt 7. Henri Fayol 8. Max Weber 9. Elton Mayo Hawthorne Studies 10. Kurt Lewin change theory 11. Abraham Maslow 12. Frederick Herzberg 13. Douglas McGregor 14. Ouchi Theory Z 15. Peter Drucker – MBO 16. Fred Fiedler Contingency theory 17. Robert House – Path Goal T. 18. Lashbrook Work Unit Culture Mission 1. CLMMRH 2. BOLMSH Vision TLJPH 3. SVH Organizational Chart/Structure 4. Bac CHD Staffing – Nursing Service 5. PHO (Interlocal H Zones) 6. NORFI/VRHD Personnel I. The Nurse in the Organization A. The Center of the Work World is ME o Your work world begins with ME o You are quite literally, the center of your work world o You are unique, thus your job situation is unique 4 Attributes My Internal Environment My External Environment My Responsibilities My Values My Motivation My Knowledge My Skill Personal attributes that influence 1 your work world NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua A1. My Values o Have an unrecognized influence upon your philosophy and actions as a nurse o Affects your life and your work. o My values are acquired subconsciously during early years and remain relatively unchanged all of your life o My values Answer 3 important question . What you believe in? . What is most important to you? . What is your attitude toward yourself and others? L O V E O F G O D 12 15 22 5 15 6 7 15 4 = 101 N U R S I N G 14 21 18 19 9 14 7 = 102 A2. My Motivations answers 2 things Causes you to do what To select one course of you do action instead of another My Motivations A3. My Knowledge o It has been said that chance favors the prepared mind o This is a way of saying that you make your own luck o These care certain requisites for experiencing personal satisfaction from your work o Gives you confidence in your ability – acquired through study and experience L – Labor U – Under C – Complete K – Knowledge 2 NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua A4. My Skills o Involves competencies not only knowing what to do but being able to do it well Composition of Apperceptive mass - Education - Training - Life experience - Parental influence - Religion - Prejudices - Beliefs B. Stephen Covey’s Seven Habits of Highly Effective People - Primary objective is to help people and organizations realize the need to increase their effectiveness - Focused on leadership and development for organizations Habit - Knowledge, skill and desire are the essential elements to transform a behavior into a habit - Increasing the skills that enhance the potential for forming habits is possible B1. Inside Out Approach - Individuals who want to influence others effectively must start with themselves - An organization must begin with its people B2. Paradigm - Our paradigms or perceptions of people influence the way we treat them - Paradigm Shift – change in thinking that comes when we gain additional insight and understanding B3. Emotional Bank Account - Metaphor for the amount of TRUST that exist in a relationship Classification of Interaction Deposit Withdrawal o Build and repair o Lessen relationship relationships o Kindness and courtesy o Unkindness and discourtesy o Keeping promises o Breaking promises o Honouring expectations o Violating expectations o Loyalty to the absent o Disloyalty, duplicity o Making apologies o Pride, conceit, arrogance *Have more deposits than withdrawal in our relationship Stephen Covey 3 NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua - If you want small changes, world on you behavior - If you want quantum leap changes, work on your paradigms B4. Types of Behaviors Reactive - People who allow outside influences to control their responses - Moods, feelings, circumstances, biases, prejudices, prejudgment –> outside influences Stimulus –> Reaction (Based on outside influences) Observer of Life – comment, complain, argue, find fault (aggressive or submissive – let things happen) Proactive - People who used the margin of freedom to make choices that best apply to their values Stimulus -------Margin of Freedom (behavior and values)---> Reaction Author of Life (Assertive Person – makes things happen) – participate, get involved, cooperate Reactive Proactive o People who allow outsid influences to control o People who use the margin of freedom to make their responses choices that best apply to their values o Moods, feelings, circumstances, biases, o Author of his life prejudices, prejudgment o Make things happen o Observer of his life o Optimistic o There’s nothing I can do o Let’s look at our alternatives o That’s just the way I am o It’s possible o He makes me so mad o It’s OK o They won’t allow that o I prefer o I have to do that Language of o It’s alright Language of o I can’t, it’s hard Reactive o I will Proactive o I must o I’m able o Let things happen o Foresight o Bahala na o Assertive o Submissive o aggressive Comparison of behaviors exhibited by passive, assertive and aggressive nurses Passive Assertive Aggressive Low Self-Esteem High Self-Esteem High-Low Self-Esteem Feels Pity Feels self-worth Mixed feelings of worth Shy, withdrawn Forthright Forward and attacking Apologetic Open and honest Hostile, manipulative Denies rights and needs of self and Acts in best interest of self, Demands needs be gratified for self patients/clients patients/clients and others Feels victimized Feels or peer level Feels must fight for rights Allows situation to control rather Controls situations Attacks situations than controlling situation 4 NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua C. Habit is to become PROACTIVE The Image of Nursing What is the product that nurses deliver? NURSING CARE The things to do in order for nurses to be well accepted: - Project an image of wellness - Self confidence - Professionalism D. New Impacts of Your Changing Work (Evolution of the Health Care System) - Change has become a cardinal feature of the way we live - Consider the following factors in connection with the work world D1. Community - Health status of our society is changing - Growing older population (home for the aged) - Increase birth rate (day care centers, birthing centers) - Increase life expectancy (wellness centers) The characteristics of the general public: - Now more urban - Better educated - More affluent - Subject to new health hazards Social Problems include the following: - Drug addiction (Self Help Centers) - Alcoholism - Environmental pollution (CHN) - Sexually transmitted diseases - CV diseases - Death from suicide, homicide and accidents D2. Socio cultural - People view health not just as the absence of disease but also as the individual’s capacity to live happily and productively - More emphasis is being directed toward primary care and how to stay well than on secondary and tertiary care Alternatives to the traditional health care system: - Extensive home health care 5 NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua - Health maintenance organizations - Free clinics - Hospice movement (terminal and chronic illness care) - Self care, self help, holistic health - Some nurses are incorporative alternatives in their patient teaching - Meditation, diet therapy D3. Economic - Increasing cost of health care T o manage a cost-effective patient unit nurses must consider what effect the following items have on the nursing budget: - Supplies - Equipments - Personnel policies - Hiring practices - Type of staffing - Modality of nursing being practiced D4. Business - Technology has invaded the health care field from all sides - This has caused increased costs and increased specialization of providers D5. Political - Health care is the most regulated industry - Mandatory “Certificate of Need” - The hospital must develop a document that supports the need for the project - The local health system agency (HSA) review board decides whether the hospital can move ahead with its plan - Nurses need to participate to provide a nursing perspective D6. Professional a. Credentialing; issue in public accountability and social protection o Licensing o Certification o Accreditation b. Entry Into Practice o What educational background does a person need to enter the practices of nursing? LPN, BSN, MN, PhD o CGFNS, TOEFL, IELTS, TSE, TWE, NCLEX 6 NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua c. Mandatory Continuing Education o One way to assure the public of the continued competence of practicing nurses o Earn CE units for renewal o 20 CEU/Per year x 3 years = 60 CEU for renewal d. Malpractice Insurance e. Collective Bargaining f. Moving into a bargaining agent position (union) Image of Nursing - Image Problems/Wreckers - Image Improvement/Boosters Image Problems - Complains about - Their work - Their hours - Their salaries Visible signs of little energy, little enthusiasm - Anger - Apathy - Burnout Signs of chronic disillusionment/image wreckers - Complaining - Back-biting (doctors) Image inconsistencies - Smoking - Obesity - Sedentary lifestyles Image Improvement/Image Boosters - Nurses need to move toward a positive, assertive orientation of personal control and empowerment and away from a defensive survival/subservient mentality When a positive self-image is combined with appropriate marketing techniques, a favorable public image can be projected such as - Professional manners: 7 NCM 205 Nursing Leadership and Management – Ms. Loresita Antonia Chua - Good public relations at the bedside, home, community - Providing service in a manner in which you would want to be served - Encourage career ladder and advancement - Proactive nursing involvement II. The Effective Nurse Leader and Manager A. Difference Between Leadership from Management Leader Manager 1. May or may not have official appointment to the 1. Appointed officially to the position by the position. institution or organization. 2. Has power and authority to enforce decision 2. Has power and authority to enforce decision by only if the followers are willing.
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