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IREVIIW O1' PLANT QUARANTINE I'OI,ICIES AND REGULATIONS By I I. De sil I II S I :nlia s' N G Saatli toc August, 1992 Di)EATMEIN T OFRAGLRICULTUE'UF UNI'TEI) STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVI;I.A)I'MIF.NT MI)VNi.OPMNT ALTERNAW1WS WC. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY DR S.P.R. WEERASINGHE v ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii SECTION I 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 EXISTING LEGISLATION 1 1.3 NEEDS FOR REVIEW 1 1.4 .[NTEPNATIONAL CO-ORDINATION 2 1.5 IPRIORITY ACTIONS 3 1.6 *NATUREOF THE REVIEW 4 2. CURRENT PQ PRACTICES AND TREATMENT 4 2.1 COLOMBO SEAPORT 5 2.2 lATUNAYAKE AIRPORT 5 SECTION II 3. THE PERMIT SYSTEM 6 4. POST-ENTRY QUARANTINE 8 5. PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATES 10 5.1 POLICY AND FACTORS TO CONSIDER 10 5.2 POLICY DECISION IN THE ABSENCE OF A PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATE 10 2 5.3 IMPORTATION OP PROHIBITED MATERIAL 1' 5.4 IMPORTATION IHROUGH PASSENGER AND CREW BAGGAGE 11 6. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 11 7. INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, REGULATORY AGENCIES, AND PLANT QUARANTINE 14 7.1 RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 14 7.2 REGULATORY AGENCIES 17 7.3 CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER ACENCIES 17 7.4 LIAISON WITH THE IMPORT EXPORT TRADE 18 7.5 EDUCATING THE GENERAL PUBLIC 18 8. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION 18 8.1 INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION COMMISSION 18 8.2 ASIAN AND PACIFIC PLANT PROTECTION COMMISSION 19 8.3 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE AND TARIFF 20 8.4 INTERNATIONAL PLANT QUARANTINE COMMUNITIES 20 SEC lION Ill 9. PROPOSED AMENDMENTS/REVISION TO TIIE REGULATIONS 22 9.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 23 9.2 PAI.'.T I - IMPORTATION OF PLANTS AND PARTS OF PLANTS 23 9.S PART I1 - FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 32 9.4 PART liJ -IMPORTATION OF INSECTS, PATHOGENS, SNAILS, ETC 32 9.5 PART IV - NOXIOUS WEEDS 33 9.6 PART V - POST-ENTRY ACTION 33 9.7 ENDANGERED SPECIES OF TERRESTRIAL PLANTS 33 9.8 CONCLUSIONS 33 10. REVISED POLICY ON IMPORT OF SEEDS AND PLANTING MATERIAL INTO SRI LANKA (Published 17 - 12 -1991) 34 10.1 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT MATERIAL 35 10.2 PROHIBITIONS 36 10.3 REASONS FOR THE PROHIBITIONS 36 10.4 PROHIBITED COUNTRIES/LOCALITIES 37 10.5 PLANT FAMILIFS 37 10.6 PLANT AND F..,NT PRODUCTS OF WI-ICH THE IMPORTATION IS ONLY PERMITTED WHEN THE SPECIAL kEQUIREMENTS ARE FULFILLED 37 10.7 VEGETABLE SEEDS OF WHICH IMPORTATION IS PERMITTED WITHOUT RESTRICTION ON QUANTITY 38 10.8 FRESH FRUITS, ALL STPT)S W1In ADHERING PULP, AND FRESH VEGETABLES 39 10.9 CONCLUSION 39 ii SECTION IV 11. RECOlMENDATIONS 40 11.1 IMPORT PERMITS 40 11.2 POST-ENTRY QUARANTINE 41 11.2.2 PEQ by Non-DOA Organisations 43 11.3 PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATES 43 11.3.1 Inspection and PC for Imports 43 11.3.2 Fumigation and Treatment Policy 45 11.3.3 Inspection and PC for Export 45 11.3.4 Problems Associated with Certification and Treatment 46 11.3.5 Areas of special concern to help solve these prooiems 48 11.3.6 Update of PQ practices 48 11.6 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 50 11.6.1 Organizational Structure of PQ within the Government 50 11.6.2 Action by PQ Service 50 11.6.3 Finances of the PQ Service 51 11.6.4 Staffing and Training 52 11.7 INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INSTITUTIONS, REGULATORY AGENCIES AND PQ 53 11.8 INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION 54 11.9 PRCPOSED AMENDMENTS/REVISIONS TO THE REGULATIONS 55 11.10 FUTURE POLICY 59 SECTION V 12.0 LIST OF APPENDICES 62 12.1 APPENDIX 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE 62 12.2 APPENDIX 2. MAJOR THREATS TO SRI LANKA 64 12.3 APPENDIX 3. RISK ANALYSIS 67 12.4 APPENDIX 4. PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH CERTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF MATERIAL FROM EXPORTING COUNTRIES 71 12.5 APPENDIX 5. QUESTIONNAIRE 73 12.6 APPENDIX 6. LIST OF RECIPIENTS OF QUESTIONNAIRE 74 12.7 APPENDIX 7. RESPONSES TO QUESTIONNAIRE 85 12.8 APPENDIX 8. LIST OF PERSONS INTERVIEWED 87 12.9 APPENDIX 9. LIST OF INSTITUTIONS/AGENCIES VISITED 92 12.10 APPENDIX 10. LIST OF FACILITIES INSPECTED 96 iii 12.11 APPENDIX 11. MAP SHOWING PORTS OF ENTRY TO SRI LANKA 97 12.12 APPENDIX 12. LEGISLATION 98 APPENDIX 12a. Plant Protection Ordinance No 10 of 1924 98 Plant Protection Ordinance - 1956 Revision 102 APPENDIX 12b. Plant Protection Ordinance Gazette Notification of 2nd November 1981 104 APPENDIX 12c. Revised Policy on import of Seeds and Planting Materials to Sri Lanka 1991 108 12.13 APPENDIX 13. FAO DEFINITIONS 110 12.14 APPENDIX 14. REFERENCES 112 iv FOREWORD Plant Quarantine is a sine qua non, for all countries which have an agrarian economy. The main objective of such plant quarantine is to prevent the introduction of pests and diseases which are not indigenous and can have disastrous effects on the plants and animals which have reached an equilibrium with the ecosystem. With this objective in view and having learnt lessons from past experiences where introduction of pests and diseases had deleterious effects on our economy, the government promulgated stringent legislation to prevent the introduction of exotic pes:s and diseases into the country. However, with the macro-economic changes that have taken place during the past four decades, culminating in market orientation beginning in 1977 it became apparent that the Plant Protertion Ordinance No. 10 of 1924 with the amendments made in 1956 and 1981 required a critica! review to ensure that such regulations synchronize with government policy. Consonant with auch changes structural adjustments were initiated in the Department of Agriculture by crea!ing a division under a senior Deputy Director for Plant Protection, ,hich activity had hitherto been an appendage of Research. Recognizing the fact that administrative changes, per se, in the Department of Agriculture cannot dramatically change the implementation of the Plant Protection Act passed by Parliament, action was initiated in 1991 to review the laws tailored to meet the newly emerging challenges ot a free market economy with a focus on important export of non-traditional agricultural commodities. Based on the Department of Agriculture's initiatives, the Japanese Government is now considering the establishment of a modernised piant quarantine facility. The review conducted by international and national consultants culminating in a national workshop has crystallized the approach towards meeting the new challenges of import and export agriculture and has made specific recommendations having reached consensus with state, private and donor agencies. The review was made possible with the help of United States Agency for International Development under the Diversified Agriculture Research Project. These recommendations are indeed a step in the right direction and i am confident that these new recommendations will facilitate agricultural trade while ensuring that the agriculture in this country will not be jeopardised. In conclusion, the success of such recommendations and the promulgation of law, will only be rewarding i:,all of us are conscious of and recognize the importance of plant protection. this in my view is paramount. Dr. S P R Weerasinghe Director of Agriculture Department of Agriculture V ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS ANRPC - A:sociation of natural rubber producing countries APPPC - Aian and Pacific Plant Protection Commission ARTI - Agrarian Research & Training Centre CART - Central Agricultural Research Institute CARP - Council for Agricultural Research Policy CISIR - Ceylon Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research CRI - Coconut Research Institute DA - Director of Agriculture DARP - Diversified Agriculture Research Project DEA - Department of Export Agriculture DOA - Department of Agriculture EPPO - European Plant Protection Organization FAO - Food and Agriculture Organizations of the UN GATr - General Agreement on Trade and Tariff GOC - Gzvernment-owned Company GOSL - Gvernment of Sri Lanka IPPC - International Plant Protection Commission ISTA - International Seed Testing Association JEDB - Janatha Estates Development Board KIA - Katunayake International Airport MADR - Ministry of Agricultural Development and Research MARD - Mahaweli Agriculture & Rural Development Project MISA - Ministry of Industries and Scientific Affairs MLMD - Ministry of Lands, Land Development and Mahaweli Development MPI - Ministry of Plantation Industries NAPPO - North American Plant Protection Organization NARESA - Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority NE - Nuwara Eliya PC - Piytosanitary Certificate PEQ - Post Entry Quarantine PGIA - Post-Graduate Institute of Agriculture PGRC -Plant Genetics Resources Centre POC - Seaport of Colo, bo POG - Seaport of Galle PQ - Plant Quarantine QO - Quarantine Officer RARC - Regional Agricultural Research Centre RRI - Rubber Research Institute SAPDA - Silks and Allied Products Development Authority SAPTA - Spices and Allied Products Trade Association SCPP - Seed Certification and Plant Protection SCS - Seed Certification Service SLSPC - Sri Lanka State Plantations Corporation SRI - Sugar Research Institute TLK - Talawakelle TRI - Tea Research Institute TSHDA - Tea Small-holdings Development Authority vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The team of consultants wishes to thank the Government of Sri Lanka, and its ministries, departments and institutions concerned for the co-operation and facilities extended to them during the review. They especially wish to thank the Secretary, Ministry of Agricultural Development and Research, Mr Dixon Nilawecra, for his support and presence at the workshop. Dr S P R Weerasinghe, Director of Agriculture, and Dr M H J P Fernando, Deputy Director of Agriculture (Seed Certification and Plant Protection), were extremely helpful and extended their unstinted co-operation to the review team. The assistance Provided by the Chief of Party of the Diversified Agriculture Research Project (DARP), Dr Pieston S. Pattie, and all other staff members of Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI) at all levels is gratefully acknowledged. Sp. :ial mention is made of the contribution of Ms R C R Perera for typing the report and its appendices. The team also wishes to express its appreciation of the wholehearted support extended to them by the chairmen, directors and senior officials of government departments, research institutes, state corporations and statutory bodies.

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