City of Elizabeth Pre-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Plan (2020 Update – Final Draft) DPW City Hall - Winfield Scott Plaza Elizabeth, NJ 07201
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City of Elizabeth Pre-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Plan (2020 Update – Final Draft) DPW City Hall - Winfield Scott Plaza Elizabeth, NJ 07201 February 17, 2020 Mott MacDonald 111 Wood Avenue South Iselin NJ 08830-4112 United States of America T +1 (800) 832 3272 F +1 (973) 376 1072 mottmac.com City of Elizabeth 111111 2 B P:\Elizabeth City HMP Updates\2019 - Report Updates\Aug_2019-Updates\HMP_Draft Pre-DisasterUpdates-30Aug19_Draft.docx Hazard Mott MacDonald Mitigation Plan (2020 Update – Final Draft) DPW City Hall - Winfield Scott Plaza Elizabeth, NJ 07201 February 17, 2020 Issue and revision record Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description 0 8/27/19 RSL KEK KEK Draft 1 2/17/20 DL RSL KEK Final Draft Document: 507380120 Information class: Standard This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above- captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. 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This R epo rt is co nfide ntial and c ont ains p rop riet ary in tellect ual p rop erty and we ac cept no duty of ca re, resp onsibility or li ability t o any oth er recipi ent o f this R epo rt. N o re pre sent ation , wa rran ty o r un dert aking , exp ress or i mplie d, is made an d no res ponsi bility or liability is acce pted by us to any p arty oth er t han the Cli ent or a ny Reci pient (s), as t o the accu racy or c om plete ness of th e info rm ation cont aine d in t his Rep ort. Fo r t he av oida nce o f do ubt t his Re port do es no t in any way pu rpo rt to includ e a ny leg al, ins ura nce or fin ancial advic e or opini on. 507380120 - February 17, 2020 P:\Elizabeth City HMP Updates\2019 Contents Executive summary 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Purpose 5 1.3 Authority 5 2 Organization of Document 6 3 Planning Process 7 3.1 Determining the Effectiveness of Projects or Actions 8 3.2 The City of Elizabeth Planning Committee 8 3.3 Plan Preparation 9 3.4 Public/Community Involvement 9 3.5 Stakeholders Involvement 10 3.6 Use of Existing Information in Plan Preparation and Planning Process 10 4 City of Elizabeth Profile 12 4.1 History 12 4.2 Wards 13 4.3 Geography 13 4.4 Climate 14 4.5 Population Overview 14 4.6 Demographic Data 14 4.6.1 Gender 14 4.6.2 Age Groups 15 4.6.3 Education 15 4.6.4 Households 16 4.7 Economy 16 4.7.1 Household Income 17 4.8 Services 18 4.8.1 Police, Fire and Hospital 18 4.8.2 Transportation 18 4.8.3 Utilities 18 4.9 Land Use and Infrastructure 19 5 Risk Assessment 22 5.1 Hazard Identification 23 5.2 Natural Hazards 26 507380120 - February 17, 2020 P:\Elizabeth City HMP Updates\2019 5.2.1 Coastal Erosion 26 5.2.2 Coastal Storm/Nor’easter/Hurricane 27 5.2.3 Drought 29 5.2.4 Earthquakes 31 5.2.7 Flood 38 5.2.8 Hailstorms 39 5.2.9 Ice Jams 39 5.2.10 Mosquito-Borne Disease and Ticks 39 5.2.11 Severe Winter Storms 40 5.2.12 Thunderstorms 41 5.2.13 Tornados 42 5.2.14 Tsunami 43 5.2.15 Volcano 43 5.2.16 Wildfire 44 5.2.17 Wind 44 6 Vulnerability Assessment 46 6.1 Overview 46 6.2 Methodology 50 6.2.1 Explanation of HAZUS-MH Risk Assessment Methodology 51 6.2.2 Explanation of Statistical Risk Assessment Methodology 51 6.2.3 Limitations of HAZUS-MH Statistical Risk Assessment 52 6.3 Estimated Costs and Losses 52 6.4 Land Use and Development Trends 53 6.4.1 City of Elizabeth – Existing Land Use 54 6.4.2 Revitalization Projects and Planning 54 6.4.3 Zoning 57 6.5 Relationship of Elizabeth’s Master Plan to Other Plans 58 6.5.1 Adjacent Municipalities 59 6.6 Hazard Vulnerabilities 62 6.6.1 Earthquakes 62 6.6.2 Flooding 63 6.6.3 Coastal/Tropical Storm, Nor’easter, and Hurricane 76 6.6.4 Coastal Erosion 84 6.6.5 Thunderstorms 84 6.6.6 Severe Winter Storms 85 6.6.7 Extreme Heat 86 6.7 Summary of Hazard Vulnerabilities 87 7 Capability Assessment 87 8 Mitigation Strategy 88 8.1 Overview 88 507380120 - February 17, 2020 P:\Elizabeth City HMP Updates\2019 8.2 Goals and Objectives 89 8.2.1 Mission Statement 89 8.2.2 Mitigation Goals 90 8.3 Range of Identified Mitigation Actions 91 8.3.1 Mitigation Techniques 95 8.3.2 Mitigation Techniques in the Planning Area 97 8.3.3 Alternative Mitigation Actions 97 8.4 Mitigation Action Plan 99 8.4.1 MAP and NFIP Compliance 109 9 Plan Maintenance Procedures 110 9.1 Implementation 110 9.2 City of Elizabeth Planning Committee 110 9.3 Evaluation, Monitoring, and Enhancement 111 9.4 Public Involvement 113 9.5 Integration of the Plan into Planning Mechanisms 113 10 Plan Adoption 114 507380120 - February 17, 2020 P:\Elizabeth City HMP Updates\2019 i List of Appendices: Appendix A - City of Elizabeth Resolution(s) – Updated Plan Approval Resolution Appendix B - Meeting Documentation – Committee and Public Meetings Appendix C – Hazard Mitigation Plan 2017/2018 Questionnaire and Updates List of Figures: Figure 1-1: City of Elizabeth – State and County View, Section 1, Page 5 Figure 1-2: City of Elizabeth – Street View, Section 1, Page 6 Figure 1-3: Aerial Map of Elizabeth, Section 1, Page 6 Figure 4-1: Pie Charts of Education Achievement, Section 4, Page 18 Figure 4-2: Charts of Household Data (2017), Section 4, Page 19 Figure 4-3: Utility Service Providers, Section 4, Page 21 Figure 4-4: NJDEP Land Use and Land Cover GIS Layers Section 4, Page 22 Figure 5-1: Soil Class and High Liquefaction Areas of New Jersey, Section 5, Page 34 Figure 5-2: Peak Ground Acceleration Map for New Jersey and New York, Section 5, Page 36 Figure 5-3: USGS Community Intensity Map for New Jersey, Section 5, Page 38 Figure 5-4: Earthquakes with Epicenters in New Jersey, Section 5, Page 39 Figure 6-1: Conceptual Model of HAZUS-MH, Section 6, Page 54 Figure 6-2: Urban Enterprise Zones, Section 6, Page 58 Figure 6-3: NJDEP 2012 Land Use/Land Cover, Section 6, Page 60 Figure 6-4: City of Elizabeth Zoning Map, April 2016, Section 6, Page 61 Figure 6-5: USGS Earthquake Hazard Map, Section 6, Page 65 Figure 6-7: Extent of Flooding during a 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 68 Figure 6-8: Debris Generated during a 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 70 Figure 6-9: Displaced Population/Persons during a 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 71 Figure 6-10: Building Losses by Occupancy Types - 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 72 Figure 6-11: Extent of Flooding during a 500-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 73 Figure 6-12: Debris Generated during a 500-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 75 Figure 6-13: Displaced Population during a 500-Year Storm, Section 6, Page 76 Figure 6-14: Building Losses by Occupancy during a 500-Year Storm, Section 6, Page 77 i ii Figure 6-15: Hurricane or Tropical Storm Probability, Section 6, Page 80 Figure 6-16: Estimated Debris Generated from a 100-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 82 Figure 6-17: Estimated Debris Generated from a 500-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 85 List of Tables: Table 3-1: List of the Planning Committee Members, Section 3, Page 11 Table 4-1: Population Trend, Section 4, Page 17 Table 4-2: Population by Race and Ethnicity, Section 4, Page 17 Table 4-4: Land Use and Impervious Cover Percentage, Section 4, Page 23 Table 5-1: New Jersey Storm and Disaster History, Section 5, Page 27 Table 5-2: Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, Section 5, Page 31 Table 5-3: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, Section 5, Page 35 Table 5-4: Damaging Earthquakes Felt in New Jersey, Section 5, Page 37 Table 5-5: Enhanced Fujita Tornado Scale, Section 5, Page 45 Table 6-1: Hazard Ranking Vulnerability Assessment by Hazard, Section 6, Page 50 Table 6-2: City Population and Number of Buildings/Building Value, Section 6, Page 56 Table 6-3: Building Exposure by Occupancy Type, Section 6, Page 56 Table 6-4: Expected Building Damage by Occupancy – 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 69 Table 6-5: Expected Damage to Essential Facilities – 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 70 Table 6-6: Building Related Economic Loss Estimates - 100-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 72 Table 6-7: Expected Building Damage by Occupancy 500-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 74 Table 6-8: Expected Damage to Essential Facilities 500-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 75 Table 6-9: Building Related Economic Loss Estimates (Millions) 500-Year Flood, Section 6, Page 77 Table 6-10: Expected Building Damage by Occupancy 100-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 81 Table 6-11: Expected Building Damage by Type 100-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 81 Table 6-12: Expected Damage to Essential Facilities - 100-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 81 Table 6-13: Building Related Economic Loss Estimates 100-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 83 Table 6-14: Expected Building Damage by Occupancy 500-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 84 Table 6-15: Expected Building Damage by Type 500-Year Hurricane, Section 6, Page 84 Table 6-16: Expected Damage to Essential Facilities - 500-Year