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(Coleoptera, Erotylidae) from the Baltic Amber G ISSN 00310301, Paleontological Journal, 2016, Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 1–7. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2016. The First Record of the Subfamily Xenoscelinae (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) from the Baltic Amber G. Yu. Lyubarskya, E. E. Perkovskyb, and V. I. Alekseevc aZoological Museum, Moscow State University,ul. Bol’shaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow, 125009 Russia email: [email protected] bSchmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmelnytskogo 15, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine email: [email protected] cKaliningrad State Technical University, Sovietskii pr. 1, Kaliningrad, 236000, Russia Received August 10, 2015 Abstract—The first Erotylidae of the subfamily Xenoscelinae from the Late Eocene Baltic amber, Warnis tvanksticus gen. et sp. nov., is described. The new genus is distinguished from closely related Xenoscelis Woll. and Zavaljus Reitt. by the presence of welldeveloped femoral lines on the first abdominal ventrite and also the shape of the pronotum, the body size, the absence of lateral carina on the elytra or pits at the base of the pronotum, and the presence of a gular pit. Keywords: Coleoptera, Erotylidae, new genus, Baltic amber, Eocene DOI: 10.1134/S0031030116090070 INTRODUCTION Trophic links of pleasing fungus beetles were described in a series of studies (Sen Gupta and Crow The family Erotylidae is relatively rare in the son 1967; Goodrich and Skelley 1994; Leschen and Eocene Lagerstätten. Four Erotylidae genera have Buckley 2007; Franz and Skelley 2008; Hilszczan ski been recorded in the Baltic amber (Klebs, 1910; et al. 2014). In general, ir is possible to conclude that Spahr, 1981; Lyubarsky and Perkovsky, 2012; Alekseev, the Languriinae are mostly phytophagous and other in press.); from the Saxon amber, only one species of groups of Erotylidae are mostly mycophagous associ the subfamily Erotylinae Latreille, Triplax contienensis ated with micromycetes, which are assumed an initial Alekseev, has been described. One peculiar genus with food source for this family. Several genera of the family one species, Xenochimatium rovnense Lyubarsky et Erotylidae are palinophages (Pharaxonotha, Lober Perkovsky, 2012, of the subfamily Xenoscelinae onotha, etc.); some can develop inside hymenopteran Ganglbauer was described from Late Eocene Rovno nests (Macrophagus, Zavaljus) and occur underneath amber (southern analogue of the Baltic amber). Addi tree bark or stones (Xenoscelis), and feeding on basid tionally, four species of Tritoma (Wickham 1912, 1914, iomycete is typical for imago (and presumably larvae) 1916) were described from the Upper Eocene Floris of members of the subfamily Erotylinae. sant Formation (Colorado), and Mycotretus binotatus Scudder, 1878 was described from the Lower Eocene In the present study, a new genus of pleasing fungus Green River Formation (Scudder 1878, 1900). beetles (subfamily Xenoscelinae) from Late Eocene Baltic amber is described. The family Erotylidae includes over 200 genera and over 3500 species (We( grzynowicz 2002; Leschen 2003) with worldwide distribution, reaching the great MATERIALS AND METHODS est diversity in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, During the processing of the Christel and Hans Central and South America. In the present study, we Werner Hoffeins (CCHH) private collection of Baltic adhere to a broad understanding of the family and its amber inclusions, an imago of the family Erotylidae 1 division into six subfamilies (Leschen 2003; Bouchard (CCHH, no. 12222) was discovered, which is the et al. 2011), which are the following: Xenoscelinae subject of the present report. The holotype will be Ganglbauer, Pharaxonothinae Crowson, Loberinae transferred to Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologis Bruce, Languriinae Hope, Cryptophilinae Casey, and ches Institut (Munchenberg, Germany) for perma Erotylinae Latreille (including five tribes: Dacnini nent storage. Transparent yellow amber with the inclu Gistel, Encaustini Crotch, Erotylini Latreille, Mega sion was treated by hand and embedded in colorless lodacnini Sen Gupta, and Tritomini Curtis). epoxy resin sculptured into a parallelepiped according 1 2 LYUBARSKY et al. to the technique described by Hoffeins (2001). Judg unfortunately inaccessible for study. Based on the vis ing from the condition of the inclusion, the amber ible morphological structures, the specimen was iden piece probably underwent autoclaving, which resulted tified as a member of the subfamily Xenoscelinae. in darkening and slight distortion of the beetle. According to revision by Leschen (2003), the subfam Photographs were taken by C. and H.–W. Hof ily Xenoscelinae includes seven genera: Loberonotha feins, using a Nikon Coolpix 4500 camera on a Wild Sen Gupta et Crowson (one species, New Zealand), M3Z microscope (no. 1222–2). Figures were pre Macrophagus Motschulsky (one species, Central and pared by hand during the study of inclusions, scanned Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia), Oth and later edited using Adobe Photoshop CS8. niocryptus Sharp (one species, Central and South During morphological description and genus diag America), Protoloberus Leschen (one species, Austra nosis, studies of Sen Gupta and Crowson (1967), lia, Queensland, and New South Wales, most of the specimens come from rainforests), Xenocryptus Arrow We( grzynowicz (2002), Leschen (2003), Skelley (2003; 2009), and Dai and Zhao (2013) were used. (two species, South Africa and Australia), Xenoscelis Wollaston (three species, Mediterranea), and Zavaljus Reitter (one species, North and Eastern Europe). SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY During the last decade, Xenoscelinae genera were Family Erotylidae Latreille, 1802 described from tropical Africa (Arrowcryptus Leschen et We( grzynowicz, 2008; two species) and from the Subfamily Xenoscelinae Ganglbauer, 1899 Rovno amber (Xenochimatium Lyubarsky et Perk Genus Warnis Lyubarsky, Perkovsky et Alekseev gen. nov. ovsky, 2012). Comparisons with nine aforementioned genera of the subfamily allow us to establish a new Etymology. From the Old Prussian warnis (raven). Raven is a symbol of the Prussian army, a mes genus, Warnis gen. nov. senger of gods and companion of armies, patron of C o m p a r i s o n. The new genus is distinguished Prussian soldiers. Masculine gender. from Arrowcryptus, Loberonotha, Macrophagus, Oth Type species. Warnis tvanksticus sp. nov. niocryptus, Xenochimatium, Xenocryptus, and Xenosce lis by the presence of a gular pit. In addition it differs D i a g n o s i s a n d r e m a r k s. The new genus is from the genus Xenocryptus in the structure of tarsi assigned to the family Erotylidae based on the follow (three basal tarsomeres of Xenocryptus are widened, ing features: 11segmented antenna with a while the forth is shortened) and in the shape of the 3segmented club; the procoxa separated by the projec pronotum (which is transverse and distinctly narrow tion of the prothorax; long elytral epipleura; abdomen ing anteriorly and posteriorly in Xenocryptus). The with five visible sternites; the first visible abdominal new genus differs from Loberonotha, Macrophagus, sternite is approximately as long as the second; all tarsi and Othniocryptus in the regular elytral punctuation are 5segmented. According to Leschen (2003) revi rows (whereas elytral punctuation in the three genera sion, the following set of features present in the studied compared is confused); from Protoloberus, in the specimen is typical for the subfamily Xenoscelinae: unreduced forth tarsomere; and from Arrowcryptus, in the antennal sockets hidden from above; anterior the shape of pronotum and flattened, almost parallel angles of the pronotum not protruding forward; pro elytra, etc. coxal cavities closed internally; narrow mesothoracic ptocess; monocondylous connection of meta and mesothorax; absence of mesocoxal femoral lines; ely Key to Genera of the Subfamily Xenoscelinae tral punctuation present; first tarsomere is not shorter 1. Pronotum completely parallelsided.....................2 than the second. The new genus differs from other subfamilies with dicondylous or linear connection of —Pronotum widest within apical onethird..............3 the meta and mesothorax (Cryptophilinae and Erot 2. Procoxal cavities closed completely posteriorly. ylinae), reduced forth tarsomere (Languriinae and Lateral carina on elytra present. Pronotum consid Pharaxonothinae) in the widened third tarsomere erably elongated (Pl. 3, fig. 3) Mediterranea........... (Loberinae), tarsomeres with lobes, and the antennal ....................................Xenoscelis Wollaston, 1864 bases visible from above (Languriinae). A number of —Procoxal cavities open partially posteriorly. Lateral important features (hind wing venation, structure of carina on elytra absent. Pronotum transversal........ genitals, detailed structure of mouthparts, detailed .....................Xenochimatium Lyubarsky, Perkovsky structure of the prothorax in the procoxal region) were 3. Elytral punctuation confused................................4 Explanation of Plate 3 Xenoscelinae. Fig. 1. Warnis tvanksticus sp. nov.: (a) holotype CCHH, no. 12222, general appearance, dorsal view; (b) holotype, general appearance, ventral view. Fig. 2. General appearance of Zavaljus brunneus (Gyllenhal). Fig. 3. General appearance of Xenoscelis costipennis (Fairmaire). PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol. 50 No. 9 2016 THE FIRST RECORD OF THE SUBFAMILY XENOSCELINAE 3 Plate 3 1b 1 mm 1a 1 mm 23 1 mm 1 mm PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol. 50 No. 9 2016 4 LYUBARSKY et al. Fig. 1. Warnis tvanksticus gen. et sp.nov. holotype CCHH,
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