26 1 Endocrine-Related N Panarelli, K Tyryshkin miRNA-based evaluation of 26:1 47–57 Cancer et al. GEP-NETs RESEARCH Evaluating gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors through microRNA sequencing Nicole Panarelli1,*,†, Kathrin Tyryshkin2,*, Justin Jong Mun Wong2, Adrianna Majewski2, Xiaojing Yang2, Theresa Scognamiglio1, Michelle Kang Kim3, Kimberly Bogardus4, Thomas Tuschl4, Yao-Tseng Chen1 and Neil Renwick2,4 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA 2Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada 3Center for Carcinoid and Neuroendocrine Tumors of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA 4HHMI, Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA Correspondence should be addressed to N Renwick:
[email protected] *(N Panarelli and K Tyryshkin contributed equally to this work) †(N Panarelli is now at Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA) Abstract Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) can be challenging to evaluate Key Words histologically. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that often are excellent f gastroenteropancreatic biomarkers due to their abundance, cell-type and disease stage specificity and stability. To neuroendocrine tumors evaluate miRNAs as adjunct tissue markers for classifying and grading well-differentiated f classification GEP-NETs, we generated and compared miRNA expression profiles from four pathological f biomarkers types of GEP-NETs. Using quantitative barcoded small RNA sequencing and state-of-the- f microRNA art sequence annotation, we generated comprehensive miRNA expression profiles from f small RNA sequencing archived pancreatic, ileal, appendiceal and rectal NETs.