Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 32
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ORNL-6989 (Edition 32 of ORNL-5198) Center for Transportation Analysis Energy and Transportation Science Division TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 32 Stacy C. Davis Susan W. Diegel Oak Ridge National Laboratory Robert G. Boundy Roltek, Inc. July 2013 Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 32 can be found online at: cta.ornl.gov/data Prepared for the Vehicle Technologies Office Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6073 Managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge: Website: http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD: 703-487-4639 Fax: 703-605-6900 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: 865-576-8401 Fax: 865-576-5728 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Users of the Transportation Energy Data Book are encouraged to comment on errors, omissions, emphases, and organization of this report to one of the persons listed below. Requests for additional complementary copies of this report, additional data, or information on an existing table should be referred to Ms. Stacy Davis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Stacy C. Davis Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Transportation Research Center 2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, Tennessee 37932 Telephone: (865) 946-1256 FAX: (865) 946-1314 E-mail: [email protected] Website Location: cta.ornl.gov/data Jacob W. Ward Vehicle Technologies Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Department of Energy, EE-2G Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20585 Telephone: (202) 586-7606 FAX: (202) 586-1600 E-mail: [email protected] Website Location: vehicles.energy.gov Spreadsheets of the tables in the Transportation Energy Data Book can be found on the web at: cta.ornl.gov/data Find useful data and information in other U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Data Books. Vehicle Technologies Market Report: cta.ornl.gov/vtmarketreport Biomass Energy Data Book: cta.ornl.gov/bedb Buildings Energy Data Book: www.btscoredatabook.net Hydrogen Data Book: hydrogen.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/hydrogen/article/103 Power Technologies Energy Data Book: www.nrel.gov/analysis/power_databook v TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... xxi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... xxiii INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................xxv CHAPTER 1 PETROLEUM ................................................................................................1–1 Table 1.1 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil and Natural Gas, 1980–2011............................1–2 Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Production, 1960–2012 .........................................................1–3 Table 1.3 World Petroleum Production, 1973–2012 ........................................................1–4 Table 1.4 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960–2012 ....................................................1–5 Figure 1.1 World Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2011 ................................1–6 Table 1.5 World Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2011 ................................1–6 Figure 1.2 World Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2011 .................1–7 Table 1.6 World Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2011 ..................1–7 Table 1.7 U.S. Petroleum Imports, 1960–2012.................................................................1–8 Table 1.8 Imported Crude Oil by Country of Origin, 1973-2012 .....................................1–9 Table 1.9 Crude Oil Supplies, 1973-2012.......................................................................1–10 Figure 1.3 Oil Price and Economic Growth, 1970–2012.................................................1–11 Figure 1.4 Costs of Oil Dependence to the U.S. Economy, 1970–2010 ...........................1–12 Figure 1.5 Refinery Gross Output by World Region, 2002 and 2012 ..............................1–13 Table 1.10 U.S. Refinery Input of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, 1987–2011.........1–14 Table 1.11 Refinery Yield of Petroleum Products from a Barrel of Crude Oil, 1978–2012.......................................................................................................1–15 Table 1.12 United States Petroleum Production, Imports and Exports, 1950–2012 ........1–16 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 32—2013 vi Table 1.13 Petroleum Production and Transportation Petroleum Consumption in Context, 1950–2012 ........................................................................................1–17 Figure 1.6 United States Petroleum Production and Consumption – All Sectors, 1973–2040.......................................................................................................1–18 Figure 1.7 United States Petroleum Production, and Transportation Consumption, 1970–2040.......................................................................................................1–19 Table 1.14 Consumption of Petroleum by End-Use Sector, 1973–2012 ..........................1–20 Table 1.15 Highway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 1970–2011 ......1–21 Table 1.16 Nonhighway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 1970–2011.......................................................................................................1–22 Table 1.17 Transportation Petroleum Use by Mode, 2009–2011 .....................................1–23 CHAPTER 2 ENERGY .........................................................................................................2–1 Figure 2.1 World Consumption of Primary Energy, 2010 .................................................2–2 Table 2.1 U. S. Consumption of Total Energy by End-Use Sector, 1973–2012 ..............2–3 Table 2.2 Distribution of Energy Consumption by Source, 1973 and 2012 .....................2–4 Table 2.3 Alternative Fuel and Oxygenate Consumption, 2005–2011 .............................2–5 Table 2.4 Ethanol Consumption, 1995–2011....................................................................2–6 Table 2.5 Domestic Consumption of Transportation Energy by Mode and Fuel Type, 2011 ................................................................................................2–7 Table 2.6 Transportation Energy Use by Mode, 2010–2011 ............................................2–8 Table 2.7 Highway Transportation Energy Consumption by Mode, 1970–2011 .............2–9 Table 2.8 Nonhighway Transportation Energy Consumption by Mode, 1970–2011 .....2–10 Table 2.9 Off-Highway Transportation-Related Fuel Consumption from the Nonroad Model, 2011 ......................................................................2–11 Table 2.10 Fuel Consumption from Lawn and Garden Equipment, 2011 ........................2–12 Table 2.11 Highway Usage of Gasoline and Diesel, 1973–2011 .....................................2–13 Table 2.12 Passenger Travel and Energy Use, 2011 .........................................................2–14 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 32—2013 vii Table 2.13 Energy Intensities of Highway Passenger Modes, 1970–2011 .......................2–15 Table 2.14 Energy Intensities of Nonhighway Passenger Modes, 1970–2011 .................2–16 Figure 2.2 Energy Intensity of Light Rail Transit Systems, 2011 .....................................2–17 Figure 2.3 Energy Intensity of Heavy Rail Systems, 2011................................................2–18 Figure 2.4 Energy Intensity of Commuter Rail Systems, 2011 .........................................2–18