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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I I 73-26,859 INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at die upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 I I 73-26,859 LEIGHTY, Robert Dwaine, 1930- A LOGICAL APPROACH TOWARDS TERRAIN PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Engineering, civil University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1973 ROBERT DWAINE LEIGHTY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A LOGICAL APPROACH TOWARDS TERRAIN PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robert Dwaine Leighty, B.S.C.E., M.S.C.E. The Ohio State University 1973 Reading Committee: Approved by / 'd t .v Adviser Department of Civil Engineering Adviser Department of Electrical Engineering A LOGICAL APPROACH TOWARDS TERRAIN PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES By Robert Dwaine Leighty, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1973 Professors 0. W. Mintzer and C. E. Warren, Advisers Automated pattern recognition techniques have predominantly ex­ ploited the statistical nature and the two-dimensional shape character­ istics of photographic tone patterns. For a given terrain-related engineering problem, however, qualitative information is manually de­ rived mainly from geomorphological inferences drawn from pattern analysis of surface configuration, and only secondarily from tone inferences. This study has developed a logical approach towards terra in pattern recognition for engineering purposes which models the approach used by the engineer terrain analyst to derive information from stereoscopic aerial imagery for the solution of his terrain- related engineering problems. To facilitate the development and communication of concepts used by the terrain analyst in matters re­ lated to terrain-related engineering problems and terrain organization, a formalism in the language of predicate calculus is employed. These concepts then form the base for development of the logical approach to te rra in pattern recognition and mapping which involves problem organ­ ization, terrain pattern description, strategy selection, and boundary mapping, A simulated terra in pattern recognition and mapping problem is developed and discussed in detail to illustrate the logical approach on a digital computer system. To demonstrate the applicability of this approach to a practical problem, real terrain elevation and photographic tone data is used with essentially the same computer program to produce a coded map indicative of that produced by the engineer analyst as a part of his solution to a terrain-related engineering problem from the study of aerial imagery. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of my advisers: Professor O.W. Mintzerp Civil Engineering Department, Professors C.E. Warren and R.B. Lackey, Electrical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University; the support of the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire, and the U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, and my colleagues in the Photographic Interpretation Research Division; and the unselfish cooperation of my family. VITA 1930 ................................. Bom - Johnstown, Pennsylvania 1952 ................................. B.S.C.E., Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia 1952-1954 ...................... Active Duty, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. and Korea, Awarded Bronze Star Medal 1954-1956 ...................... Research Assistant, Joint Highway Research Project, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 1956 ................................. M.S.C.E., Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana 1956-1961 ...................... Research Civil Engineer, Photographic Interpretation Research Division, U.S. Army Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establish­ ment, Wilmette, Illinois 1961-1970 ...................... Research Civil Engineer, Photographic Interpretation Research Division, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 1967-1968 ...................... Graduate Student, The Ohio State U niversity, Columbus, Ohio 1970 ................................. Assistant Chief, Photographic Interpretation Research Division, U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories, Fort Belvoir, V irginia REGISTRATION Professional Engineer - Virginia, 1952 Professional Engineer - New Hampshire, 1969 PUBLICATIONS "Airphoto Study of Access Routes From the Ice Cap to Neyboe Land, Greenland", USASIPRE Special Report 33, 1958. iii "Proposed Relocation of Camp Tuto and Access Road, Thule, Greenland." USASIPRE Technical Report 52, 1958. Contributor, "Terrain Analysis of B-Site Area, Thule, Greenland." USASIPRE Special Report 27, 1958. "Ice Cap Access Route, Narssarssuaq, Greenland; Location and Engineer­ ing Evaluation." USASIPRE Technical Report 48, 1960. "Detection of Undersnow In stallatio n s with Infrared Thermal Imagery." Proceedings of the Infrared Information Symposium, April, 1961. Contributor, "Detection of Surface and Subsurface Features in Greenland by Visual, Thermal and Radar Imagery." USACRREL Technical Report 60, 1961. "Preliminary Report - Operation Hot Deck." USACRREL Special Report 48, 1962. "Use of Aerial Photographs and Field Reconnaissance for Ice Cap Route Location at Narssarssuaq, Greenland." Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, 1962. "Engineering Information of Arctic Areas as Obtained from Analysis of Aerial Imagery." Proc. Working Group 9, Engineering Applications, Commission 7, Airphoto Interpretation, International Society of Photogrammetry, Delft, Holland, 1962. "Photographic Performance Study of Camp Century, Greenland." USACRREL Special Report 56, 1963. Contributor, "Infrared Thermal Detection of Military Vehicles on a Snow Covered Background." USACRREL Technical Report 155, 1963. "The Research Effort of the Photographic Interpretation Research Division of the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory." Proc. International Society for Terrain Vehicle Systems, 1963. Contributor, "Photographic Interpretation in the Arctic and Subarctic." Proc. First International Conference on Permafrost, Session 7, Exploration and Site Selection, Purdue University, 1963. "Nuclear Measurement of Snow Density." USACRREL Special Report 74, 1964. "Terrain Factor Mapping from Aerial Photography for Purposes of Vehicle Mobility." Jour, of Terramechanics, Vol. 2, No. 3, 196S. "Summary of Survey on Engineering Uses of Photointerpretation." Proc. American Society of Photogrammetry, March, 1966. "Terrain Information from High Altitude, Side-looking Radar of An Arctic Area." Proc. Fourth Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, University of Michigan, 1966. "Snow Density Profiling by Nuclear Means." Jour. Glaciology, Vol. 6, No. 43, 1966. iv "Remote Sensing for Engineering Investigation of Terrain - Introduction." Proc. Fifth Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, University of Michigan, 1968. "Remote Sensing for Engineering Investigation of Terrain - Radar Systems." Proc. Fifth Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, University of Michigan, 1968. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Fields: Civil Engineering and Electrical Engineering Studies in Engineering Photographic Interpretation. Professor Olin W. Mintzer Studies in Communication Theory. Professor C, Earl Warren, Professor Robert B. Lackey, and Professor William Davis Studies in Coherent Optics. Professor Stewart A, Collins v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................ i i VITA...........................................................................................
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