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Gibberellic Acid and Water Regime in the Flowering Induction of Brassocattleya and Cattleya Hybrid Orchids

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Gibberellic Acid and Water Regime in the Flowering Induction of Brassocattleya and Cattleya Hybrid Orchids CARDOSO JC; ONO EO; RODRIGUES JD. 2010. Gibberellic acid and water regime in the flowering induction of Brassocattleya and Cattleya hybrid orchids. Horticultura Brasileira 28: 395-398. Gibberellic acid and water regime in the flowering induction of Brassocattleya and Cattleya hybrid orchids Jean C Cardoso1; Elizabeth O Ono2; João D Rodrigues2 1Vliet Flora-Setor de Biotecnologia, C. Postal 170, 13825-000 Holambra-SP; 2UNESP-IBB, Depto. Botânica, Botucatu-SP; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT RESUMO The influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) and water regime was Ácido giberélico e regime hídrico na indução do florescimento evaluated in the flowering induction and quality of two orchid hybrids de orquídeas Brassocattleya e Cattleya híbridas belonging to the genera Cattleya (C.) and Brassocattleya (Bc.). The No presente trabalho foi avaliada a influência do ácido giberélico experiment was carried out in the Biotechnology and Orchid Culture e do regime hídrico na indução e qualidade do florescimento de duas Sector of Shunji Nishimura Technology Foundation, Pompéia, São orquídeas híbridas dos gêneros Cattleya (C.) e Brassocattleya (Bc.). O Paulo State, Brazil. Five GA3 concentrations (0, 125, 250, 500 and -1 experimento foi realizado no Setor de Biotecnologia e Orquidicultura 1,000 mg L ) were tested through four consecutive leaf applications da Fundação Shunji Nishimura de Tecnologia, Pompéia-SP. Foram in adult plants that had already flowered at least once, besides two testadas cinco concentrações de GA3 (0, 125, 250, 500 e 1.000 mg water conditions (one and four irrigations per week). Applications L-1) em quatro aplicações consecutivas via pulverização foliar, em were performed in October and November for Bc. Marcella Koss and plantas adultas que já haviam florescido ao menos uma vez, além de in January and February for C. Irene Holguin. Flowering could not duas condições hídricas (uma e quatro irrigações por semana). As be induced in the latter by gibberellic acid. In Bc. Marcella Koss, the aplicações foram feitas nos meses de outubro e novembro para Bc. application of 250 mg L-1 GA combined with decreased irrigation 3 Marcella Koss e janeiro e fevereiro para C. Irene Holguin. Não foi frequency induced flowering in around 83% plants. By using the possível induzir a floração emCattleya Irene Holguin com o uso de same GA concentration but frequent irrigation, only 17% plants 3 ácido giberélico. Para Bc. Marcella Koss, a aplicação de 250 mg L-1 were induced to flower. The number and size of flowers increased de GA , associado à diminuição na frequência de irrigação, induziu after application of higher GA concentrations. This work allowed 3 3 cerca de 83% das plantas ao florescimento. Na mesma concentração developing a commercial technique with the use of gibberellic acid de GA , porém em condições de irrigação frequente, apenas 17% (GA ) to induce flowering inBc. Marcella Koss hybrid orchid. 3 3 das plantas foram induzidas a florescer. O número e o tamanho das flores aumentaram com a aplicação de concentrações maiores de GA3 utilizadas no experimento. A realização deste trabalho permitiu desenvolver uma técnica comercial com o uso de ácido giberélico (GA3) para a indução do florescimento do híbrido de orquídea Bc. Marcella Koss. Keywords: Ornamental plants, flowering, quality, pulverization, Palavras-chave: Plantas ornamentais, floração, qualidade, pul- plant growth regulator, water suppression. verização, regulador vegetal, supressão de água. (Recebido para publicação em 19 de outubro de 2009; aceito em 19 de agosto de 2010) (Received on October 19, 2009; accepted on August 19, 2010) he progressive increase in Brazilian The family Orchidaceae has more its high genetic variability and production Tflower production aimed at the than 30,000 species and thousands of of flowers presenting attractive size, internal and external market is linked to hybrids originated in several countries, shape and colors. However, the first the growth of investments in technology from places at sea level to the highest flowering of this genus is longer, which by producers in general who act in the points of Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, delays commercialization and increases sector of flowers and ornamental plants. Venezuela, Peru and others, from production costs. In addition, with some Exportation of Brazilian floriculture marshes to arid regions, and from exceptions, it presents lush flowering products summed US$31.5 millions in extremely hot regions to places where only once a year, with 7 to 30 days of 2009; however, importation in the sector snow is frequent (Suttleworth et al., flower durability (Cardoso & Israel, (US$20 millions) remain high (Kyiuna 1994). All these differences make 2005). et al., 2010). Orchids still have small difficult the establishment of a single According to Sheenan (1992), the participation in this total but present cultivation technique for the large group Cattleya is divided into two an annual increase of more than 100% quantity of species, resulting in the types as to flowering habit: Cattleya in exportation and domestic market in specialization of orchid producers. gigas, which produces new sprouts in addition to a huge potential, especially Among orchids, the genus Cattleya, the spring and flowers in the summer, for external market (Junqueira & Peetz, including its intergeneric hybrids, is one each sprout flowering separately; and 2008). of the most attractive for the market due to Cattleya trianaei, which produces Hortic. bras., v. 28, n. 4, out.- dez. 2010 395 JC Cardoso et al. sprouts in the spring but does not flower induction and quality of off-season n.15 were used. before autumn. In this period, spathes flowering inCattleya and Brassocattleya Besides control, treatments consisted become dry and all originated sprouts orchids. of four GA3 concentrations (125, 250, flower simultaneously. These flowering 500 and 1,000 mg L-1) sprayed on features are transmitted to descendant MATERIAL AND METHODS leaves four times, and two irrigation hybrids of crossbreeding involving conditions, totaling ten treatments such species. The second group can designed in randomized blocks and in The experiment was carried out be photoperiodically manipulated and 5x2 factorial arrangement. Three blocks in the nursery of Shunji Nishimura flowers twice a year. containing two plants each were used, Technology Foundation, located in Although the number of researches totaling six plants per treatment. Pompéia municipality, São Paulo State, involving ornamental species has Brazil, along 12 months between 2005 GA3 presenting a minimum of 95% currently increased, most of them focus and 2006. purity was diluted in 4 mL hydrated on the nutrition of species (Amaral et al., As plant material, two hybrids alcohol at 92.8°GL, and 0.1% Tween 2009) and cultivars (Ludwig et al., 2008; ® originated from the cultivation of shoot 20 (Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monolaurate Villas Bôas et al., 2008), and few current tips were used. The first tested hybrid (nonionic surfactant)) was added to this studies have investigated plant growth was Cattleya Irene Holguin, which solution before completing it with water. regulators and their effect on flowering flowers in August/September and Controls were treated with water plus induction and quality. ® presents intense pink flowers and pink/ Tween 20 0.1%. Gibberellins are biochemically yellow labellum. Extensively used in Pulverizations were performed in described as tetracyclic diterpene acids orchid trade for flower production, this October and November 2005 for Bc. and are associated with flowering hybrid originates sprouts with spathes Marcella Koss and in January and induction in several species. When between October and February, which February 2006 for C. Irene Holguin, exogenously applied, these plant growth remain dormant during short days, between 7 and 8 a.m., when the relative regulators lead to petal growth and and its flowering occurs once in this humidity is higher, favoring the product flowering induction in long-day plants time gap. The second tested hybrid uptake. For this procedure, a knapsack under conditions of short days. The was Brassocattleya Marcella Koss, mistblower (20 L, Jacto®) attached to an opposite can occur in some exceptions which flowers in May and June. This X2 conical nozzle was used, separating (Cid, 2000). intergeneric hybrid between Brassavola control plants in order to prevent Philodendron cv. Black Cardinal and Cattleya has light pink flowers and contamination with residues. Around plants were induced to flower under non- pink/yellow labellum and produces 70 mL solution was sprayed per plant inductive conditions through application new sprouts throughout the year, which on both leaf surfaces and in young of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 125, 250, may or may not present spathes. In the roots, with 7-day interval between 500 and 1,000 mg L-1, increasing non-inductive season, even sprouts applications. flowering percentage and inflorescence with spathes do not produce flowers, As to water regime, two irrigation number per plant with increasing and the flower bud dies before starting conditions were adopted. In the first concentrations (Chen et al., 2003). In the normal flowering season. Therefore, regime, irrigation was done four times flower cultivation, other species have only sprouts originated from March and a week through microsprinklers, their flowering induced by GA3 applied April can flower. All plants had mean whereas in the second one, plants via pulverization, such as Dieffenbachia age of 6 years and 8-10 pseudobulbs were subjected to decreased irrigation (Henny, 1980), Zantedeschia (Corr & each. frequency; thus, they were kept for 15 Widmer, 1987) and Anthurium (Henny Plants were grown in hothouses days without irrigation, followed by & Hamilton, 1992). of plastic and protected with 70% irrigation only once a week, also through Chen et al. (1997) reported that shade. Fertilization was interspersed microsprinklers. In the latter case, GA3 flowering can be induced inPhalaenopsis at every week, using 1 g L-1 of N-P-K applications started soon after 15 days cv. Leda with the application of GA3 formulations, 15-15-20 and 20-10-10, without irrigation.
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