Universidad Peruana De Ciencias Aplicadas Facultad De Comunicaciones Programa Académico De Comunicación Audiovisual Y Medios I

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Universidad Peruana De Ciencias Aplicadas Facultad De Comunicaciones Programa Académico De Comunicación Audiovisual Y Medios I Nuevas narrativas utilizadas para la representación de la mujer en videoclips de reggaetón de artistas latinoamericanas Item Type info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis Authors Muñoz Pazo, Fernando Enrique Publisher Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) Rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess; Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Download date 24/09/2021 17:55:13 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653160 UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS FACULTAD DE COMUNICACIONES PROGRAMA ACADÉMICO DE COMUNICACIÓN AUDIOVISUAL Y MEDIOS INTERACTIVOS Nuevas narrativas utilizadas para la representación de la mujer en videoclips de reggaetón de artistas latinoamericanas TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Para optar el grado de bachiller en Comunicación Audiovisual y Medios Interactivos AUTOR Muñoz Pazo, Fernando Enrique (0000-0002-7754-5725) ASESOR Espinoza Robles, Lorena (0000-0002-8919-9647) Lima, 6 de julio de 2020 2 DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a mis padres que a lo largo de 5 años me han apoyado en mi vida universitaria con el único objetivo de cumplir mis sueños. Asimismo, dedico este trabajo a mi hermano por el apoyo moral en momentos más complicados. 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a mi asesora de investigación Lorena Espinoza por la dedicación y voluntad que le ha puesto a cada uno de los proyectos que ha tenido a cargo; también a mis profesores de la universidad que han sido participes de mi formación como universitario. 4 RESUMEN El presente trabajo analiza las nuevas narrativas empleadas en los videoclips de reggaetón con la finalidad de explicar la representación y visibilización de la mujer en dichos productos audiovisuales producidos por artistas de habla hispana desde un enfoque de género. Se describirá cómo se están construyendo el perfil de los personajes femeninos en los videoclips de reggaetón; asimismo, se analizará la visibilización de los personajes femeninos a partir de sus acciones en las historias contadas en los videoclips de reggaetón. Finalmente, se busca explicar cómo son las historias en las cuales se visibiliza a los personajes femeninos en los videoclips de reggaetón. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo y se empleará una técnica de análisis de contenido, analizando distintos videos de reggaetón de los últimos cinco años. El contenido ha sido seleccionado en base al rol protagónico y popularidad que han tenido las artistas femeninas de habla hispana en diversos videos de reggaetón. Palabras clave: reggaetón; videoclips; enfoque de género; violencia; música; mujer; empoderamiento. 5 New narratives used in the representation of women in reggaeton video clips of Latin American artists ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the new narratives used in reggaeton video clips in order to explain the representation and visibility of women in these audiovisual products produced by Spanish-speaking artists from a gender perspective. The profile of the female characters in the reggaetón video clips will be described; Likewise, the visibility of the female characters will be analyzed based on their actions in the stories told in the reggaetón video clips. Finally, it seeks to explain how the stories in which the female characters are visible in reggaetón video clips are. The research has a qualitative focus and a content analysis technique will be used, analyzing different reggaeton videos from the last five years. The content has been selected based on the leading role and popularity that Spanish-speaking female artists have had in various reggaeton videos. Keywords: Reggaeton; Video clips; Gender perspective; Violence; Music; Women; Empowerment. 6 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS DEDICATORIA ............................................................................................................................... 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS ................................................................................................................... 3 RESUMEN ....................................................................................................................................... 4 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 5 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS ............................................................................................................ 6 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS .................................................................................................................... 7 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ....................................................................... 8 1.1 Situación problemática .............................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Justificación ................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Pregunta general y especificas ................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Objetivo general y específicos ................................................................................................... 9 2. ESTADO DEL ARTE (ANTECEDENTES) ............................................................................. 10 2.1 La violencia en los géneros musicales populosos .................................................................... 10 2.2 Los estereotipos y empoderamiento de la mujer en el videoclip ............................................. 10 2.3 Referencias empleadas en la narrativa .................................................................................... 10 2.4 Difusión musical en las plataformas digitales .......................................................................... 11 3. MARCO TEÓRICO ................................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Narrativa audiovisual y construcción del personaje ................................................................. 12 3.2 El videoclip como extensión narrativa ..................................................................................... 12 3.3 Estereotipos de género ............................................................................................................. 12 3.4 Feminismo y post feminismo ................................................................................................... 13 3.5 Reggaeton ................................................................................................................................ 13 4. METODOLOGÍA ...................................................................................................................... 13 5. REFERENCIAS ......................................................................................................................... 16 6. ANEXOS .................................................................................................................................... 20 Anexo 1. Guía de análisis de contenido de los videoclips de reggaetón ........................................ 20 Anexo 2. Matriz de consistencia cualitativa ................................................................................... 21 Anexo 3. Tabla de categorías e indicadores cualitativos ............................................................... 22 Anexo 4. Validación de protocolo para invvestigación cualitativa ................................................ 24 Anexo 5. Cronograma de trabajo ................................................................................................... 29 Anexo 6. Mapa de autores .............................................................................................................. 30 7 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS Tabla 1. Videoclips de reggaetón seleccionados de Youtube .................................................. 15 Tabla 2. Definiciones conceptuales de las categorías ............................................................. 15 8 1. Planteamiento de la investigación 1.1 Situación problemática La música siempre ha acompañado al hombre en todas sus actividades y ha permitido que puedan expresar sus emociones (Glowacka-Pitet, 2004). A lo largo de los años, la música popular moderna se ha expandido de una forma masiva a través de los medios de comunicación (Gutiérrez-Rivas, 2010). El reggaetón es considerado como un género musical moderno de gran popularidad que ha trascendido en países de Latinoamérica y de habla hispana. (Pereira & Soares, 2018). El reggaetón nace en Panamá en la década de los 80, como una manifestación clandestina liderada por jóvenes para denunciar actos sociales, dicha manifestación fue considerada underground (Arévalo et al., 2018). La objetivación sexual de la mujer en el reggaetón fue el punto de partida para la creación de grandes éxitos populosos (Karsay & Matthes, 2016). Paralelamente al incremento de su popularización, la problemática de género ha ido también en aumento (Arévalo et al., 2018). La violencia de género ha producido que se cree un ciclo de violencia en las canciones y videoclips de reggaetón produciendo la degradación y cosificación de la mujer (Gómez Escarda et al., 2019). Sin embargo, tras los nuevos movimientos feministas en la sociedad, la industria audiovisual y musical se han visto influenciadas por tal movimiento (Dur, 2020). Es relevante conocer como las nuevas narrativas están representando y visibilizando a la mujer en los videoclips de reggaetón y como se está construyendo
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