Opuscula Philolichenum Issue Spanning: January – December 2012 VOLUME 11

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Opuscula Philolichenum Issue Spanning: January – December 2012 VOLUME 11 ISSN #1941-7519 (printed) #1941-7527 (online) Opuscula Philolichenum Issue Spanning: January – December 2012 VOLUME 11 Published by J.C. Lendemer Bronx, New York, U.S.A. i ii Opuscula Philolichenum small works in the field of lichenology EDITOR: JAMES C. LENDEMER Cryptogamic Herbarium Institute of Systematic Botany The New York Botanical Garden Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] ASSOCIATE EDITORS: KERRY KNUDSEN CALEB A. MORSE The Herbarium R.L. McGregor Herbarium Dept. of Botany & Plant Sciences Division of Botany The University of California, Riverside Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas Riverside, CA 92521-0124, U.S.A. 2045 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ___________________________________________ MISSION Opuscula Philolichenum is intended to serve as a venue for the publication of small works in the field of lichenology (including lichenicolous fungi and non-lichenized fungi traditionally treated with lichens). The central goal of the journal is to provide timely publication, in a professional format, free of charge to authors and readers. While the journal focuses on topics relating to the lichen biota of North America this is by no means exclusive and manuscripts on other topics will be considered as the table of contents of the present issue clearly illustrates. Authors wishing to submit a manuscript for publication in Opuscula Philolichenum should contact the editor prior to submission to confirm that the paper conforms to the mission of the journal (outlined above). Manuscript submissions should be left unformatted and authors should consult a recent issue of Opuscula Philolichenum for style. All submissions are subjected to review by at least two peer reviewers and, following acceptance are formatted by the editor. NOTICE FROM THE EDITOR When this journal began publication nine years ago it was among the first serials to take advantage of the internet when publishing new botanical nomenclatural acts. The journal was conceived as a primarily electronic one, available on-line free of charge (at http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/), with a limited print run to satisfy the requirements for effective publication established under the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature. Since that time we have continued to publish the journal in this manner, printing one or two issues a year, with each issue consisting of between one and two hundred pages. In 2004 we could not have foreseen the revolutionary changes that took place at the 18th International Botanical Congress in Melbourne. There the Nomenclature Section voted to allow electronic only publication of new nomenclatural acts beginning 1 January 2012. In response to this change Opuscula Philolichenum no longer produces hardcopy. Although a single printed copy will continue to be deposited in the library of The New York Botanical Garden. Beginning with this volume (number 11) of Opuscula Philolichenum, manuscripts will be published electronically on-line in PDF/A format immediately following the approval of the authors in the post-review proof stage. The PDF issued online is considered to be the final version (= version of record) and the date on which the PDF is posted is considered to be the date of effective publication. In order to aid future workers the date of effective publication for each manuscript is provided in the table of contents. When a new manuscript is published online a record is also simultaneously transmitted to the organizers of Recent Literature on Lichens for inclusion in that database. iii THANKS TO OUR REVIEWERS As with all previous issue of Opuscula Philolichenum the backbone of a journal is its cohort of reviewers. Therefore we take this opportunity to thank those researchers who have generously agreed to review manuscripts submitted for consideration in the journal in 2012: Alan Archer – Sydney, Australia; Sean Beeching – Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A; Irwin Brodo – Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Stephen Clayden – St. Johns, New Brunswick, Canada; Pradeep Divakar – Madrid, Spain; Kendra Driscoll – St. Johns, New Brunswick, Canada – John Elix – Canberra, Australia; Theodore Esslinger – Fargo, North Dakota, U.S.A.; Richard Harris – Bronx, New York, U.S.A.; David Hawksworth – Madrid, Spain & London, U.K.; James Hinds – Orono, Maine, U.S.A.; Brendan Hodkinson – Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.; Per Magnus Jørgensen – Bergen, Sweden; Kerry Knudsen – Riverside, California, U.S.A.; Martin Kukwa – Gdansk, Poland; Douglas Ladd – St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.; Thorsten Lumbsch – Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.; Bruce McCune – Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.; Heath O’Brien – Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Yoshihito Ohmura – Tokyo, Japan; Zdenek Palice – Průhonice, Czech Republic; David Richardson – Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Dirk Rodriguez – Ventura, California, U.S.A.; Martin Westberg – Stockholm, Sweden; Mikhail Zhurbenko – St. Petersburg, Russia. iv Table of Contents Front Matter i-vi. effectively published online 3 January 2012: Lendemer, J.C., M.N. Benatti, T.L. Esslinger, J. Hafellner, B.P. Hodkinson, K. Knudsen, J. Kocourková and T. Spribille. Notice of the formation of the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Lichens and Allied Fungi (ICNLAF). 1-3. Hodkinson, B.P. An evolving phylogenetically based taxonomy of lichens and allied fungi. 4-10. McCune, B. The identity of Hypogymnia delavayi (Parmeliaceae) and its impact on H. alpina and H. yunnanensis. 11-18. Arcadia, L. and K. Knudsen. The name Myriospora is available for the Acarospora smaragdula group. 19-25. Benatti, M.N. Canoparmelia cinerascens belongs in the genus Parmelinella (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). 26-30. Knudsen, K. Some Notes on Acarosporaceae in South America. 31-35. effectively published online 1 March 2012: Flakus, A. and M. Kukwa. New records of lichenicolous fungi from Bolivia. 36-48. effectively published online 8 March 2012: Hansen, C.J. and L.R. Goertzen. Psora icterica (Lecanorales, Psoraceae), a new and intersecting disjunction from Alabama. 49-51. effectively published online 9 April 2012: McMullin, R.T. New and Interesting Lichens from Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada 52-59. effectively published online 19 April 2012: Ladd, D. and C. Morse. Endemism lost: Lecanora pallidochlorina (Lecanorales, Lichenized Ascomycotina) in the Great Plains, U.S.A. 60-63. effectively published online 19 June 2012: Kocourková, J., K. Knudsen and S. Tucker. A Checklist of the Lichenicolous Biota of California. 64-103. Perlmutter, G.B., J.C. Lendemer, J.C. Guccion, R.C. Harris, B.P. Hodkinson, W.P. Kubilius, E. Lay and H.P. Schaefer. A Provisional Survey of Lichen Diversity in south-central South Carolina, U.S.A., from the 19th Tuckerman Lichen Workshop. 104-119. v effectively published online 10 July 2012: Brodo, I.M. and J.C. Lendemer. On the perplexing variability of reproductive modes in the genus Ochrolechia: Notes on O. africana and O. arborea in eastern North America. 120-134. effectively published online 11 July 2012: Anderson, F. Reports of Leptogium hibernicum from the southern Appalachian Mountains, a major range extension for the species in North America. 135-138. effectively published online 21 September 2012: Lendemer, J.C. and F. Anderson. Molecular data confirm the identity of populations of the water fan lichen from eastern Canada as Peltigera hydrothyria s. str. 139-140. Buck, W.R. and J.C. Lendemer. Puttea (Pilocarpaceae) in eastern North America. 141-144. effectively published online 23 October 2012: Knudsen, K. and J. Kocourková. The Annotated Checklist of Lichens, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Channel Islands National Park. 145-302. effectively published online 8 November 2012: Knudsen, K. and J. Kocourková. Erratum: Placidium boccanum does not occur in North America. 303. effectively published online 26 November 2012: Benatti, M.N. A worldwide key for the genus Parmelinopsis Elix & Hale (Parmeliaceae; Lichenized Ascomycetes). 304-312. Lendemer, J.C. and R.C. Harris. Studies in lichens and lichenicolous fungi – no. 16. 313-321. effectively published online 31 December 2012: Esslinger, T.L. A new species of Melanohalea from the Andes Mountains in Central Peru. 322-324. vi .
Recommended publications
  • The Genera Canomaculina and Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil SIONARA ELIASARO1,2 and CRISTINE G
    Revista Brasil. Bot., V.26, n.2, p.239-247, jun. 2003 The genera Canomaculina and Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil SIONARA ELIASARO1,2 and CRISTINE G. DONHA1 (received: October 2, 2002; accepted: March 19, 2003) ABSTRACT – (The genera Canomaculina and Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota) in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil). The present study describes the species of Canomaculina Elix & Hale and Parmotrema A. Massal. occuring in Curitiba, Paraná. Identification keys, descriptions of the species, and comments are presented. Canomaculina conferenda (Hale) Elix, Canomaculina pilosa (Stizemb.) Elix & Hale, Parmotrema catarinae Hale and Parmotrema eciliatum (Nyl.) Hale are reported for the first time to Paraná State. Key words - Brazil, Curitiba, lichens, Paraná, Parmeliaceae RESUMO – (Os gêneros Canomaculina e Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota Liquenizados) em Curitiba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil). Este estudo descreve as espécies dos gêneros Canomaculina Elix & Hale e Parmotrema A. Massal. ocorrentes em Curitiba, Paraná. São apresentadas chaves de identificação, descrições e comentários sobre as espécies. Canomaculina conferenda (Hale) Elix, Canomaculina pilosa (Stizemb.) Elix & Hale, Parmotrema catarinae Hale e Parmotrema eciliatum (Nyl.) Hale são citadas pela primeira vez para o Estado do Paraná. Palavras-chave - Brasil, Curitiba, liquens, Paraná, Parmeliaceae Introduction dimorphous rhizines, that are absent in the closely related genera Parmotrema and Rimelia. Parmotrema The lichen flora of Curitiba, a city that has 21 is a genus characterised by large thalli with broad lobes, million m2 of parkland maintained within the urban commonly with a broad erhizinate marginal zone on perimeter (Curitiba 2002), although abundant and the lower surface and the upper surface usually diversified, has not yet been systematically surveyed.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycokeysa Review 5: 1–30 Of(2012) the Genus Bulbothrix Hale: the Species with Medullary Salazinic Acid Lacking
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeysA review 5: 1–30 of(2012) the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking... 1 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys www.pensoft.net/journals/mycokeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules Michel N. Benatti1 1 Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, São Paulo / SP, CEP 04045- 972, Brazil Corresponding author: Michel N. Benatti ([email protected]) Academic editor: Pradeep Divakar | Received 7 May 2012 | Accepted 22 October 2012 | Published 31 October 2012 Citation: Benatti MN (2012) A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary salazinic acid lacking vegetative propagules. MycoKeys 5: 1–30. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.5.3342 Abstract Descriptions are presented for the seven known Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi) species with salazinic acid in the medulla and without vegetative propagules. Bulbothrix continua, previously consid- ered as a synonym of B. hypocraea, is recognized as independent species. The current delimitations are confirmed for B. enormis, B. hypocraea, B. meizospora, B. linteolocarpa, B. sensibilis, and B. setschwanensis. New characteriscs and range extensions are provided. Key words Parmeliaceae, Parmelinella, norstictic acid, bulbate cilia Introduction The genus Bulbothrix Hale was proposed for the group of species called Parmelia Se- ries Bicornutae (Lynge) Hale & Kurokawa (Hale 1974). This group is characterized by small, laciniate and usually adnate thalli, bulbate marginal cilia, an upper cortex con- taining atranorin, with pored epicortex, without pseudocyphellae, with isolichenan in the cell walls, simple to branched cilia and rhizinae, smooth to coronate apothecia, hya- line unicellular ellipsoid to bicornute ascospores 5.0−21.0 × 4.0−12.0 µm, and bacilli- form to bifusiform conidia 5.0−10.0× 0.5− 1.0 µm (Hale 1976a, Elix 1993, Elix 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • An Update on the Genus Parmelinella Elix & Hale
    Mycosphere 5 (6): 770–789(2014) ISSN 2077 7019 www.mycosphere.org Article Mycosphere Copyright © 2014 Online Edition Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/5/6/8 An update on the genus Parmelinella Elix & Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) Benatti MN1 1 Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, São Paulo / SP, CEP 04045-972, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Benatti MN 2014 – An update on the genus Parmelinella Elix & Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenized ascomycetes). Mycosphere 5(6), 770–789, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/5/6/8 Abstract A detailed morphological and anatomical investigation of the type specimens of the current- ly accepted species of Parmelinella (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi) confirmed the current spe- cies delimitations and revealed additional characteristics. The name Parmelia mutata is removed from synonymy with Parmelinella versiformis and proposed as a new combination, and Parmelia nimandairana is removed from Parmelinella wallichiana and proposed as another new combina- tion. Parmelinella salacinifera is proposed as a new combination. A lectotype is designated for Parmelinella versiformis. A key to all currently accepted species of the genus is presented. Key words – Canoparmelia – Parmelina – Parmotremopsis – cilia – salazinic acid Introduction Elix & Hale (1987) installed the genus Parmelinella for three species previously included in Parmelina (P. wallichiana, P. manipurensis and P. simplicior) with broad, rotund lobes, an emaculate thallus, sparse, simple cilia more or less restricted to the axils, simple black rhizines, ellipsoid ascospores, short cylindrical conidia, and salazinic and consalazinic acids in the medulla. A key for the differentiation of this and some further newly proposed genera, all segregates of Parmelina, and a table containing many characteristics for them was included with the descriptions of the genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts for IAL 6- ABLS Joint Meeting (2008)
    Abstracts for IAL 6- ABLS Joint Meeting (2008) AÐALSTEINSSON, KOLBEINN 1, HEIÐMARSSON, STARRI 2 and VILHELMSSON, ODDUR 1 1The University of Akureyri, Borgir Nordurslod, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland, 2Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri Division, Borgir Nordurslod, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland Isolation and characterization of non-phototrophic bacterial symbionts of Icelandic lichens Lichens are symbiotic organisms comprise an ascomycete mycobiont, an algal or cyanobacterial photobiont, and typically a host of other bacterial symbionts that in most cases have remained uncharacterized. In the current project, which focuses on the identification and preliminary characterization of these bacterial symbionts, the species composition of the resident associate microbiota of eleven species of lichen was investigated using both 16S rDNA sequencing of isolated bacteria growing in pure culture and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplified from DNA isolated directly from lichen samples. Gram-positive bacteria appear to be the most prevalent, especially actinomycetes, although bacilli were also observed. Gamma-proteobacteria and species from the Bacteroides/Chlorobi group were also observed. Among identified genera are Rhodococcus, Micrococcus, Microbacterium, Bacillus, Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, Sporosarcina, Agreia, Methylobacterium and Stenotrophomonas . Further characterization of selected strains indicated that most strains ar psychrophilic or borderline psychrophilic,
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Genus Bulbothrix Hale: the Isidiate, Sorediate, and Pustulate Species with Medullary Salazinic Acid
    Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/4/1/1 A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the isidiate, sorediate, and pustulate species with medullary salazinic acid Benatti MN1 1Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, São Paulo / SP, CEP 04045-972, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] Benatti MN 2013 – A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the isidiate, sorediate, and pustulate species with medullary salazinic acid. Mycosphere 4(1), 1–30, Doi 10.5943 /mycosphere/4/1/1 This study is a taxonomic review of ten Bulbothrix (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Fungi) species containing salazinic acid in the medulla that reproduce by vegetative propagation or form pustules that erode into coarse granules. The current species delimitations are confirmed. New characteristics are detailed, some synonyms are rejected, others confirmed, and range extensions are added. Key words – bulbate cilia – norstictic acid – Parmeliaceae – Parmelinella Article Information Received 27 November 2012 Accepted 10 December 2012 Published 23 January 2013 *Coresponding Author: Michel N. Benatti – e-mail – [email protected] Introduction 2010). Bulbothrix Hale was proposed for a This paper deals with several of the group of species previously called Parmelia species related to Parmelinella, as did a Series Bicornutae (Lynge) Hale & Kurokawa previous one (Benatti 2012c). Recent molecular (Hale 1974), characterized by small, laciniate research (Divakar et al. 2006, Crespo et al. and usually adnate thalli, simple to branched 2010) points out that Bulbothrix species bulbate marginal cilia, cortical atranorin, containing medullar salazinic acid may actually simple to branched rhizinae, smooth to belong to Parmelinella, or even be another coronate apothecia, hyaline unicellular small genus closely related to it.
    [Show full text]
  • Canoparmelia Cinerascens Belongs in the Genus Parmelinella (Parmeliaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota)
    Opuscula Philolichenum, 11: 26-30. 2012. *pdf available online 3January2012 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) Canoparmelia cinerascens belongs in the genus Parmelinella (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) 1 MICHEL NAVARRO BENATTI ABSTRACT. – Canoparmelia cinerascens, a species previously included in the genus Canoparmelia is actually a member of the genus Parmelinella. As such, the new combination Parmelinella cinerascens (Lynge) Benatti & Marcelli is proposed here. The species is described in detail and an epitype is selected to aid interpretation due the poor condition of the holotype. KEYWORDS. – Axillary cilia, Parmelinella wallichiana, salazinic acid INTRODUCTION Canoparmelia Elix & Hale, a segregate of the eciliate parmelioid lichen genus Pseudoparmelia Lynge (Hale 1976), is characterized by the typically gray or rarely yellow-green thalli containing cortical atranorin and chloroatranorin (or rarely usnic acid), the 3.05.0 mm rotund or subrotund eciliate lobes, the white medulla, the black lower surface with naked brown margins and simple concolorous rhizines, small ellipsoid ascospores 1014 68 m, and fusiform or bifusiform conidia 710 m in length (Elix 1993, Elix et al. 1986). When the genus Parmelinella was segregated from Parmelina Hale, only three species originally in Parmelina had been recombined into Parmelinella (Elix & Hale 1987). However, the species with small axillary cilia discussed in this paper was misplaced in Pseudoparmelia sensu Hale, and later automatically transferred to Canoparmelia. Working with
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens of the Sirumalai Hills, Eastern Ghats with One Genus and Six Species New to India
    Studies in Fungi 6(1): 204–212 (2021) www.studiesinfungi.org ISSN 2465-4973 Article Doi 10.5943/sif/6/1/13 Lichens of the Sirumalai hills, Eastern Ghats with one genus and six species new to India Nayaka S1*, Joseph S1, Rajaram SK2, Natesan S2, Sankar K2, David MLR2 and Upreti DK2 1Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, K. Vellakulam, Near Virudhunagar, Madurai-625 701, Tamil Nadu, India Nayaka S, Joseph S, Rajaram SK, Natesan S, Sankar K, David MLR, Upreti DK 2021 – Lichens of the Sirumalai hills, Eastern Ghats with one genus and six species new to India. Studies in Fungi 6(1), 204–212, Doi 10.5943/sif/6/1/13 Abstract Lichens of Sirumalai hills are reported here for the first time. Lichen biota comprised of 95 species. The genus Japewiella is reported for the first time in India and is represented by J. tavaresiana (H. Magn.) Printzen. Furthermore, the following six taxa including one variety are new to India viz. Arthonia atra (Pers.) A. Schneid., Graphis brevicarpa M. Nakan., Kashiw. & K.H. Moon, Micarea erratica (Körb.) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschm., Pertusaria cicatricosa var. deficiens A.W. Archer, Elix & Streimam, Porina subargillacea Müll Arg., and Pyxine schmidtii Vain. Brief accounts for all the new records to India are provided to facilitate their identification. Arthonia redingeri Grube and Lepraria caesiella R.C. Harris are reported for the first time from south India. Besides all above, 29 species are recorded for the first time from the state of Tamil Nadu.
    [Show full text]
  • MYELOCHROA John A.Elix [From Flora of Australia Volume 55 (1994)]
    MYELOCHROA John A.Elix [From Flora of Australia volume 55 (1994)] Myelochroa (Asahina) Elix & Hale, Mycotaxon 29: 240 (1987); from the Greek myelos (medulla) and chrous (coloured), referring to the coloured medulla. Parmelia sect. Hypotrachyna subsect. Myelochroa Asahina, Lichens Japan II: Genus Parmelia 74 (1952). Type: M. aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale Thallus foliose, loosely adnate to adnate. Lobes flat, sublinear to subirregular, 1–4 mm wide; margins ciliate; apices subrotund; cilia sparse to dense, confined to axils of lobes or evenly dispersed, simple, slender. Upper surface grey, occasionally with yellow tinge or rarely pale greenish white (atranorin, chloroatranorin and secalonic acids), emaculate or with simple maculae, without pseudocyphellae, with or without soredia and isidia. Upper cortex fragile, palisade plectenchymatous, with a pored epicortex. Cell walls containing isolichenan. Medulla at least in part orange-red, yellow-orange or pale yellow owing to presence of secalonic acid A and/or related compounds. Lower surface black; rhizines moderately dense to dense, simple or sparsely furcate or squarrosely branched. Ascomata apothecial, laminal, sessile to subpedicellate; disc imperforate. Ascospores ellipsoidal, 8 per ascus, 8–14 × 5–8 µm. Conidiomata pycnidial, immersed, laminal. Conidia bacilliform or weakly bifusiform, 4– 7 × 1 µm. Myelochroa is a segregate of Parmelina Hale, easily distinguished by the pigmented medulla and triterpenes in the medulla. It contains 19 species, with East Asia and North America being the main centres of distribution. Three species are recorded for Australia, on bark and, less commonly, on rock. M.E.Hale, Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina and Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae (Lichenes), Phytologia 28: 479–490 (1974); M.E.Hale, A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelina Hale (Parmeliaceae), Smithsonian Contr.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Lichen-Forming Fungal Genus Flavoparmelia (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae)
    Del-Prado & al. • Phylogeny of Flavoparmelia TAXON 62 (5) • October 2013: 928–939 SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the lichen-forming fungal genus Flavoparmelia (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae) Ruth Del-Prado,1* Oscar Blanco,2* H. Thorsten Lumbsch,3 Pradeep K. Divakar,1 John. A. Elix,4 M. Carmen Molina5 & Ana Crespo1 1 Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain 2 Unidad de Bioanálisis, Centro de Investigación y Control de la Calidad, Instituto Nacional del Consumo, Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Spain 3 Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A. 4 Research School of Chemistry, Building 33, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia 5 Department of Biology and Geology. ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid 28933, Spain * contributed equally to this work Author for correspondence: H. Thorsten Lumbsch, [email protected] Abstract The lichen-forming fungal genus Flavoparmelia includes species with distinct distribution patterns, including subcos- mopolitan, restricted, and disjunct species. We used a dataset of nuclear ITS and LSU ribosomal DNA including 51 specimens to understand the influence of historical events on the current distribution patterns in the genus. We employed Bayesian, maxi- mum likelihood and maximum parsimony approaches for phylogenetic analyses, a likelihood-based approach to ancestral area reconstruction, and a Bayesian approach to estimate divergence times of major lineages within the genus. We identified two major clades in the genus, one of them separating into two subclades and one of those into four groups. Several of the groups and clades have restricted geographical ranges in the Southern Hemisphere, but two groups include species with wider distribution areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnolichenology—The Use of Lichens in the Himalayas and Southwestern Parts of China
    diversity Review Ethnolichenology—The Use of Lichens in the Himalayas and Southwestern Parts of China Mei-Xia Yang 1,2,* , Shiva Devkota 3,4 , Li-Song Wang 5 and Christoph Scheidegger 1,2,* 1 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland 2 Faculty of Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland 3 Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies (GIIS), Kathmandu 3084, Nepal; [email protected] 4 Himalayan Climate & Science Institute (HCSI), Washington, DC 20007, USA 5 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS, Kunming 650201, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.-X.Y.); [email protected] (C.S.); Tel.: +41-79-836-8441 (M.-X.Y.); +41-79-460-7132 (C.S.) Abstract: Lichens are used in traditional medicine, food and various other ethnic uses by cultures across the Himalayas and southwestern parts of China. Evidence-based knowledge from historical and modern literatures and investigation of ethnic uses from 1990 proved that lichen species used as medicine in the Himalayas and southwestern parts of China totaled to 142 species; furthermore, 42 species were utilized as food. Moreover, some lichens are popularly used for lichen produce in ethnic and modern life. An understanding and clarification of the use of lichens in the Himalayas and southeastern parts of China can therefore be important for understanding uses of lichens elsewhere and a reference for additional research of lichen uses in the future. Keywords: lichen; ethnic use; medicinal; edible species; Himalayas; southwestern China Citation: Yang, M.-X.; Devkota, S.; Wang, L.-S.; Scheidegger, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Diversity of Macrolichens in Bolampatti II Forest Range (Siruvani Hills), Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Biodiversity Volume 2013, Article ID 124020, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/124020 Research Article Diversity of Macrolichens in Bolampatti II Forest Range (Siruvani Hills), Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India P. Balaji1 and G. N. Hariharan2 1 Department of Botany, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Vyasarpadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 039, India 2 Lichen Ecology and Bioprospecting Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 113, India Correspondence should be addressed to P. Balaji; [email protected] Received 26 June 2013; Accepted 4 August 2013 Academic Editors: A. R. Atangana and R. Rico-Martinez Copyright © 2013 P. Balaji and G. N. Hariharan. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. An annotated checklist of 103 macrolichen species is provided based on identification of specimens collected from three different vegetation types within the Bolampatti II forest range, Western Ghats, India. Among them, the dominant order is Lecanorales with 47 species, while the dominant family is Parmeliaceae with 40 species. The foremost genus is Usnea with 15 species. 1. Introduction range, Western Ghats. The primary objective of this paper is to enumerate the macrolichens and their distribution within Nearly 80,000 species of fungi are available in nature [1]. the forest types of the Bolampatti II forest range. Of these, approximately 17% are lichenized, forming sym- bioses with green algae (Chlorophyta, Viridiplantae) or the so called blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, Bacteria).
    [Show full text]
  • Opuscula Philolichenum, 11: 120-XXXX
    Opuscula Philolichenum, 11: 304-312. 2012. *pdf effectively published online 26November2012 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) A worldwide key for the genus Parmelinopsis Elix & Hale (Parmeliaceae; Lichenized Ascomycetes) 1 MICHEL N. BENATTI ABSTRACT. – A worldwide key, based on the literature and specimens from SP herbarium, is presented for all 25 currently accepted species of Parmelinopsis. KEYWORDS. – marginal cilia, Hypotrachyna, gyrophoric acid, horrescens complex. INTRODUCTION Parmelinopsis Elix and Hale (1987) is a segregate of the ciliate parmelioid lichen genus Parmelina Hale (Hale 1974), characterized by typically greenish gray thalli containing cortical atranorin and chloroatranorin, medullary orcinol depsides and -orcinol depsidones, 0.55.0 mm wide truncate lobes with simple cilia, a white medulla, ivory, brown or black lower surface with naked brown margins, simple to sparsely dichotomously branched concolorous rhizines, ellipsoid ascospores 1220 812 m, and cylindrical or bifusiform conidia 35 m in length (Elix 1993, Elix & Hale 1987). The genus belongs to a well supported clade in the family Parmeliaceae that includes Cetrariastrum Sipman, Everniastrum Hale ex Sipman, and members of Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale that were not assigned to Remototrachyna Divakar & A. Crespo (Crespo et al. 2011, Divakar et al. 2010). Parmelinopsis differs from these genera in being comprised entirely of marginally ciliate species, most of which do not have the furcate or dichotomously branched rhizines typical of Hypotrachyna (Hale 1975, Hawksworth et al. 2011). Recent molecular studies aimed at resolving generic boundaries within the Parmelinaceae have revealed that the circumscriptions of many genera need to be refined (Crespo et al. 2011). In the case of the genera included in the same clade as Parmelinopsis, it is clear that further study is needed to resolve what rank and circumscriptions are appropriate for the various groups.
    [Show full text]