Northaw House Cuffley, Potters Bar Hertfordshire

Archaeological Evaluation

for: Archaeology Collective

CA Project: MK0215 CA Report: MK0215_1

July 2020

Northaw House Cuffley, Potters Bar Hertfordshire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: MK0215 CA Report: MK0215_1 Site code CUF20

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by 1 08/07/2020 JC/RSB APS Draft – APS

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

Cirencester Milton Keynes Andover Exeter Suffolk Building 11 Unit 8, The IO Centre Stanley House Unit 1, Clyst Units Unit 5, Plot 11 Kemble Enterprise Park Fingle Drive Walworth Road Cofton Road Maitland Road Cirencester Stonebridge Andover Marsh Barton Lion Barn Industrial Gloucestershire Milton Keynes Hampshire Exeter Estate GL7 6BQ Buckinghamshire SP10 5LH EX2 8QW Needham Market MK13 0AT Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01285 771 022 t. 01264 347 630 t. 01392 573 970 t. 01908 564 660 t. 01449 900 120 e. [email protected]

CONTENTS SUMMARY ...... 3

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 5

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 7

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 7

5. RESULTS ...... 8

6. THE FINDS ...... 9

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ...... 11

8. DISCUSSION ...... 11

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 12

10. REFERENCES...... 12

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 13

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 14

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 15

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM…………………………………………………………….16

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000)

Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:1500)

Fig. 3 Trench location plan (1:500)

Fig. 4 Photographs – site prior to excavation

Fig. 5 Photographs - trenches 1 and 2

Fig. 6 Photographs - trenches 4 and 5

Fig. 7 Photographs – trench 6

Fig. 8 Trench 2, pit 203: section and photograph

Fig. 9 Trench 5, ditch 503.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

SUMMARY

Project name: Northaw House

Location: Cuffley, Potters Bar

NGR: 527457 202422

Type: Evaluation

Date: 6–7 July 2020

Planning reference: 6/2019/0217/MAJ and 6/2019/0218/LB

Location of Archive: To be deposited with Mill Green Museum and the Archaeology Data Service (ADS)

Site Code: CUF20

In July 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation at Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar Hertfordshire, on behalf of Archaeology Collective. A total of 6 trenches of varying lengths were excavated, all within the footprint of new residential properties located primarily within and to the east of a former Walled Garden and to the south of a range of agricultural and service buildings associated with the Grade II Listed late 17th century Northaw House.

Evidence of modern truncation resulting from extensive underground utilities was noted across the site, with greater levels of disturbance apparent around and to the south of the service buildings. Evidence for levelling of the site through the importation of material was apparent throughout all six trenches, with a layer of “made ground” perhaps relating to the levelling of the site prior to the construction of Northaw House or, more specifically the Walled Garden and service buildings.

Pottery recovered from a ditch cutting the made ground layer was of early 17th century date although the material may be residual or have been discarded from elsewhere into what may be a later, possibly modern, ditch. A single pit contained the remains of two adult dogs and was most likely a pet or working dog burial. No other archaeological features or deposits were encountered.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

1. INTRODUCTION

In July 2020, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation at Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire (centred at NGR: 527457 202422; Fig. 1), on behalf of Archaeology Collective.

Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council (WHBC) has granted planning permission for the conversion of Northaw House to form 11 apartments (including refurbishment of existing single caretaker’s flat) and an underground parking area, the Ballroom wing to form 2 dwellings, the stable block to form 1 dwelling, refurbishment of existing dwelling at Oak Cottage, 3 dwellings within the Walled Garden, 7 dwellings within the Settlement Area, refurbishment of the Walled Garden, refurbishment of access routes and reinstatement of old routes, provision of hard and soft landscaping, car parking and supporting infrastructure (planning ref: 6/2019/0217/MAJ). Condition 3 of this planning permission requires the implementation of a programme of archaeological work in accordance with an approved WSI.

The scope of this evaluation was defined by Simon Wood, Historic Environment Advisor, Hertfordshire County Council (HEAHCC), in his capacity as archaeological advisor to Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council (WHBC). The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) prepared by CA (2020) and approved by the HEAHCC.

The evaluation was also undertaken in line with the Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014), Standards for Field Archaeology in the East of England (Gurney 2003), Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE) PPN 3: Archaeological Excavation (Historic England 2015) and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers' Guide (Historic England 2015).

The site The proposed development site is approximately 11ha in extent and comprises Northaw House, its outbuildings, gardens and surrounding grounds (Figs 2 to 4). The site is situated to the north-east of Potters Bar. Judges Hill road forms the northern boundary of the estate, Coopers Lane runs past the western boundary and the southern boundary is formed by a farm track and field boundary. To the north and south the site is surrounded by pasture fields. The village of Northaw is situated immediately to the east of site. The curtilage of another country estate is situated

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

immediately across Coopers Lane to the west. The site lies at approximately 100m AOD, with ground falling away to the east and higher land to the west beyond Coopers Lane.

The underlying bedrock geology of the site is mapped as London Clay Formation – clay, silt and sand which formed between 56 and 47.8 million years ago during the Palaeogene Period. Superficial deposits are recorded as sedimentary deposits of sand and gravel, the origin of which is currently uncertain, formed between 2.588 million years ago and the present during the Quaternary Period.

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 A comprehensive archaeological and historical background has been produced by Archaeology Collective (AC 2019), which lists all information available from the local Historic Environment Record (HER) within 1 kilometre of the Site. The pertinent elements of the background are summarised below.

Mesolithic – Iron Age (12,000 BC – 43 AD) 2.2 Several findspots of Mesolithic flint, including cores, blades and a burin or borer (HHER 621, 6475, 6488 and 6490), discovered in 1983, have been recorded inside the study area, suggesting a background of hunter-gatherer activity along the catchment of the River Lea. These implements were recovered during fieldwalking by the Enfield Archaeological Society. The HER contained no evidence for Later Prehistoric activity within the study area, suggesting that the area was considered unattractive for agriculture. During this time, the surrounding landscape is likely to have been woodland and heath, and therefore the potential for encountering Prehistoric Activity within the Site is considered to be low (AC 2019).

Roman (43 – 410 AD) 2.3 The HER contained little evidence for Roman Activity within the study area, although finds of Roman tile and associated oyster shell were recorded in 1956 on the Oakmere Estate HHER 9119). Further to the south west, but outside the study area a Roman tile kiln was excavated in the centre of Potters Bar, suggesting the presence of a villa settlement nearby.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

Early medieval and medieval (410 – 1539 AD) 2.4 The HER contains no evidence for Saxon or Early Medieval activity within the study area. Place name evidence for Northaw and Cuffley suggests the settlements established within a wooded landscape (AC 2020). The settlement is documented from the mid-10th century, developing as an estate of St Albans Abbey.

2.5 There is documentary evidence for the fraught relationship between the Monks and their tenant at Northaw as early as the 12th century. The medieval manorial centre was situated at Nyn Hall, 840m to the north east of the current site (AC 2019), and consisted of a 14th century hall enlarged in the 16th century into a Tudor mansion, before being completely demolished and re-developed at the beginning in 1774 (HHER 4743). The southern half of Northaw Parish was enclosed in the early 12th century as part of Enfield Chase, a large hunting park between Potters Bar, Enfield and Northaw (AC2019).

2.6 The medieval church of St Thomas à Becket was demolished and reconstructed in the 19th century. Archaeological monitoring of development work within the churchyard revealed the remains of a possible medieval building, but no further work has been undertaken to confirm the position of the medieval structure (HHER 12640).

2.7 Recorded medieval activity within the study area has been associated with the development of the moated site at Nyn Hall and the later development of the village and its church. Geological and documentary evidence suggests that the development of the village may have been adversely affected by the combination of heavy clay soils and the enclosure of the southern half of the parish during the 12th century. The potential for finding archaeological features associated with the medieval village is therefore low.

Post-medieval and modern (1540 – 1900) 2.8 From the 16th century, the former forest and heathland around Northaw was purchased, enclosed and parcelled into several small country estates. These included the original manor at Nyn Hall, which was redeveloped by Ambrose Dudley during the 1550’s (AC2019). Northaw House and Northaw place were constructed a century later. All three properties were redeveloped during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

2.9 A 17th century turnpike road, forming part of the Great North Road, ran north-south past the western edge of the Site, along the present-day alignment of Coopers Lane. A tollhouse was constructed immediately to the west of the Site in 1730 to collect tolls on the road (AC 2019, HHER 30763), and a coaching inn and public house were constructed in the 18th century further to the south west, to serve clients travelling between London and The North (MHT 9992, MHT 13409).

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The principal aims of the archaeological investigation were to:

 Determine the presence or absence of archaeological remains;

 Determine the character, extent, date, complexity, integrity, state of preservation and quality of any archaeological remains present, therefore ensuring their preservation by record; and

 To provide robust baseline information to inform the scoping of a mitigation strategy, should this be required.

3.3 In accordance with Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014), the evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council, advised by the HEAHCC, to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage assets that are present, consider the impact of the proposed development upon those assets and to avoid or minimise any conflict between the conservation of those heritage assets and any aspect of the development proposal. This process is in line with policies contained in the National Planning Policy Framework (MHCLG 2019).

3.4 A programme of historic building recording has also been undertaken of Northaw House and associated structures/ outbuildings and will form the subject of a separate report.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

4. METHODOLOGY

The evaluation originally intended to comprise the excavation of six trial trenches: three measuring 20m long x 1.8m wide and three measuring 30m long x 1.8m wide. However, due to the presence of previously unknown underground utilities and other constraints then, with the agreement of Archaeology Collective and the HEAHCC, the trenches were excavated as the site conditions and presence of utilities allowed, as shown on figures 2 and 3, and the as-dug dimensions are given in section 5 below. The trenches were all located within the footprint of new-build residential properties, located primarily within and to the east of a former Walled Garden associated with Northaw House.

Trenches were set out on OS National Grid co-ordinates using Leica GPS Overburden was stripped from the trenches by a mechanical excavator fitted with a toothless grading bucket. All machining was conducted under archaeological supervision to the top of the natural substrate, which was the level at which archaeological features were first encountered.

Archaeological features/deposits were investigated, planned and recorded in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites. No deposits were identified that required sampling.

Artefacts were processed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 3: Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

CA will make arrangements with Mill Green Museum for the deposition of the project archive and, subject to agreement with the legal landowner(s), the artefact collection. A digital archive will also be prepared and deposited with the Archaeology Data Service (ADS).

A summary of information from this project, as set out in Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

5. RESULTS

This section provides an overview of the evaluation results. Detailed summaries of the recorded contexts are given in Appendix A. Details of the artefactual material recovered from the site are given in Section 6 and Appendix B and C.

The general stratigraphy of the site remained the same throughout the trenches. The natural geological substrate was encountered at an average depth of 0.67m within five of the trenches; however, within Trench 3 it was not reached owing to the presence of numerous utilities. The substrate comprised a light to mid orange brown clay, gravel and sand. Overlying the natural substrate was a layer of made ground comprising mid brown grey clay sand with frequent inclusions of modern debris. It measured 0.39m thick on average and is likely to derive from the levelling of the site prior to the construction of Northaw House/ the walled garden. Sealing the made ground was a layer of topsoil comprising mid brown grey clay silt, measuring 0.27m thick on average.

Trench 1 measured 30m long by 2.1m wide; trench 2 measured 15m long by 2.1m wide; Trench 3 was 14.2m long by 2.1m wide, with further excavation abandoned due to the presence of services; Trench 4 was split into two sections to avoid an underground utility and measured 24.5m long by 2.1m wide; Trench 5 was 20m long by 2.1m wide and relocated from its originally intended location due the presence of previously unidentified underground services; and, Trench 6 totalled 20m in length by 2.1m wide and was again split into two sections to avoid utilities (see Figs 2 & 3). No archaeological features were encountered within Trenches 1, 3, 4 and 6 (Figs 5 – 7).

Trench 2 (Fig. 8) Pit 203 was exposed in the centre of Trench 2. It was sub ovoid in plan with concave sides and a concave base. It measured 0.76m long by 0.6m wide and was 0.13m deep. It was deliberately backfilled with (204) comprising mid grey brown clay sand from which a large amount of animal bone and a fragment of post- medieval glass was recovered. All of the animal bone derives from the remains of two adult dogs and it may be that this is the remains of a pet burial (see section 7 below).

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

Trench 5 (Fig. 9) Ditch 503 ran through the northern end of Trench 5 on an east/west orientation and was cut through made ground layer 501. It measured 2.5m wide by 0.3m deep (as excavated within the trench) and contained a single fill of mid grey brown clay silt (504) from which CBM, nails and post-medieval pottery of early 17th century date was recovered. In the absence of any firm dating evidence for made ground layer 501 the pottery may be residual although the unabraded condition of the material may suggest that it has not been subject to multiple deposition environments/ moved far from its original point of breakage and disposal.

6. THE FINDS

Artefactual material was recovered by hand from two deposits. This material is listed by context number in appendix B and described in summary below.

Pottery Pottery amounting to 12 sherds (165g) and all dateable to the post medieval period was recorded from one deposit, fill 504 of ditch 503. This material is well- fragmented, but otherwise in good, unabraded condition. The majority of sherds (11) are of a hard, red-orange earthenware fabric, most with a clear internal lead glaze. Two rim sherds in this fabric, which was probably made locally, are identifiable as from a bowl with an open, conical profile and a rim diameter of c. 300mm. One rim sherd (30g) is identifiable as Border Ware, a white-firing type with a bright green lead glaze, originating from the Hampshire/Surrey borders. Its form is a small bowl or porringer (handled bowl), with a flat rim and ribbed upper portion. Comparable vessels are common from deposits dating to the earlier 17th century from London (Pearce 1992 95–96).

Ceramic Building Material (CBM) Quantities of ceramic building material were recorded from one deposit, ditch fill 504 (fill of feature 503). The majority consists of fragments (11) of flat tile measuring 13–14mm in thickness and occurring in a hard-fired, fine sandy fabric. None of the tile fragments preserve peg holes or other features, but are in other respects consistent with roofing material produced across the later medieval and post- medieval periods. A small, unfeatured, fragment of brick was also recorded from deposit 504, for which broad late medieval to post-medieval dating is suggested.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

Other finds A single, fragmentary and heavily corroded iron nail was recorded from ditch fill 504 (fill of feature 503). It has a square-sectioned shaft and wide, flattened head; features common to wrought iron nails produced across the Roman to post- medieval periods. Pottery recorded in association suggests post-medieval dating.

A fragment (1g) of pale green-coloured window glass was the only find from dog burial feature 203 (fill 204). It probably dates to the earlier post-medieval period (16th to 17th centuries).

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Animal bone Animal bone amounting to 106 fragments (653g) was recovered from deposit 204, the fill of pit 203. Material dating to the post-medieval period was also recovered from this deposit. The material was well preserved and there was little fragmentation, factors resulting in the identification of all the bones as the partial remains of two adult dogs (Canis familiaris).

The reason for the deposition of these animals is unclear. There was no sign of trauma or disease, so it is likely that this represents burial after euthanasia or death by natural causes.

8. DISCUSSION

Six trenches were excavated within the site, all located in the footprint of new residential units. Although all but one of the trenches was reduced in length due to the presence of underground utilities none of the trenches revealed any evidence for activity predating the post-medieval period.

A pit exposed in Trench 2, in the south of the site, contained the remains of two adult dogs, most likely the remains of a pet or working dog burial, while Trench 5 contained a ditch that produced pottery of early 17th century date, although this material may be residual or have been deliberately discarded in a later, possibly modern, feature.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

The large number of services encountered in the trenches indicates that part of the area that will be affected by the new-build residential elements has already been subject to a degree of truncation/ disturbance, particularly in the vicinity of Trench 3 and to a lesser extent trenches 4 and 6.

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by James Coyne, assisted by Mat Ferron and Susanna Ferron. This report was written by Beth Hardcastle and Ralph Brown. The finds and biological evidence reports were written by Ed McSloy and Andrew Clarke, respectively. The report illustrations were prepared by Rosanna Price. The project archive has been compiled and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neil. The project was managed for CA by Adrian Scruby.

10. REFERENCES

AC (Archaeology Collective) 2019 Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2020 Geology of Britain Viewer http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html Accessed 02 March 2020

(CA) Cotswold Archaeology 2020 Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

HAM (Hertfordshire Association of Museums) 2017 Hertfordshire Archaeological Archive Standards. A Countywide Standard for the Creation, Compilation and Transfer of Archaeological Archives in Hertfordshire

Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government 2019 National Planning Policy Framework

Pearce, J. 1992 Post-Medieval Pottery in London, 1500-1700 Volume. 1: Border Wares, London, HMSO.

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill Interpretation Description Length Width Depth/ Spot-date No. of (m) (m) thickness (m) 1 100 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey clay silt >30 >2.1 0.24 - 1 101 Layer Made ground Mid brown grey clay sand >30 >2.1 0.46 Modern with frequent modern debris inclusions 1 102 Layer Natural Light orange brown clay with >30 >2.1 - - patches of gravel sand 2 200 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey clay silt >15 >2.1 0.35 2 201 Layer Made ground Mid brown grey clay sand >15 >2.1 0.5 Modern with frequent modern debris inclusions 2 202 Layer Natural Light orange brown clay with >15 >2.1 - - patches of gravel sand 2 203 Cut Pit Sub-oval, shallow profile, 0.76 0.6 0.13 - concave base 2 204 Fill 203 Pit fill Mid grey brown clay sand 0.76 0.6 0.13 - 3 300 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey silt sand >14 >2.1 0.19 - 3 301 Layer Made ground Mid grey brown silt sand >14 >2.1 0.52 - 4 400 Layer Topsoil Mid black grey clay silt >24.5 >2.1 0.28 - 4 401 Layer Made ground Mid brown grey clay sand >24.5 >2.1 0.3 Modern with frequent modern debris inclusions 4 402 Layer Natural Mid orange brown gravel >24.5 >2.1 - - sand 5 500 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey clay silt >20 >2.1 0.28 - 5 501 Layer Made ground Mid brown grey clay sand >20 >2.1 0.28 - with frequent modern debris inclusions 5 502 Layer Natural Mid orange brown gravel >20 >2.1 - - sand 5 503 Cut Cut of ditch Linear, north-east/south- >2.1 2.5 - Modern west orientation 5 504 Fill 503 Fill of ditch Mid grey brown silt clay >2.1 2.5 - Modern 6 600 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey clay silt >28 >2.1 0.26 6 601 Layer Made ground Mid brown grey clay sand >28 >2.1 0.4 Modern with frequent modern debris inclusions 6 602 Layer Natural Mid orange brown gravel >28 >2.1 - - sand

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Material Description Ct. Wt. (g) Spot-date 204 Window glass Green, 2mm th. 1 1 Pmed 504 Post-med pottery Border ware (bowl rim sherd) 1 30 C17 Post-med pottery Red earthenware (bowl rim sherds) 2 78 Post-med pottery Glazed red earthenware (body sherds) 9 57 CBM* Flat tile 11 622 CBM* brick 1 78 CBM* Flakes/misc. fragments 10 113 Fired clay Misc. fragments 1 4 Iron obj. Nail 1 11 *ceramic building material

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Table 1: Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and weight and context.

Cut Fill Canis Total Weight (g) 203 204 106 106 653 Total 106 106 Weight 653 653 Canis = dog

Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation © Cotswold Archaeology

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project name Northaw House, Cuffley Short description In July 2020, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation at Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar Hertfordshire, on behalf of Archaeology Collective. A total of 6 trenches of varying lengths were excavated, all within the footprint of new residential properties located primarily within and to the east of a former Walled Garden and to the south of a range of agricultural and service buildings associated with Grade II Listed late 17th century Northaw House.

Project dates 6 – 7 July 2020 Project type Evaluation Previous work N/a

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site location Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire Study area (m2/ha) 11ha Site co-ordinates 527457 202422 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Adrian Scruby Project Supervisor James Coyne MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, (museum/Accession no.) animal bone etc) Recipient of each type of archive Physical Mill Green Museum Service Ceramics, animal bone, CBM Paper Mill Green Museum Service Context sheets, trench recording sheets, drawings, report Digital Mill Green Museum Service Survey data, report, database BIBLIOGRAPHY Cotswold Archaeology 2020 Northaw House, Cuffley, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation CA typescript report MK0215_1

527000 529000

204000

202000

200000

CAMBRIDGESHIRE Andover 01264 347630 SUFFOLK N Cirencester 01285 771022 MILTON KEYNES Cotswold Exeter 01392 573970 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Suffolk 01449 900120 BEDFORDSHIRELUTON w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] ESSEX PROJECT TITLE HERTFORDSHIRE Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire THURROCK

SLOUGH FIGURE TITLE READING Site boundary LONDON Site location plan 0 1km

WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD FIGURE NO. WOKINGHAM DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 MEDWAY BRACKNELL © Crown copyright and database rights 2020 CHECKED BY AO DATE 16.07.20 FOREST SURREY KENT Ordnance Survey 0100031673 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 WELL ROAD 527400 527600 N

B156

Site boundary Evaluation trench Cut feature

202500 Field drain Modern

T1 T5

T2 T4 T6

See Fig 3

202300

0 50m

&URZQFRS\ULJKWDQGGDWDEDVHULJKWV2UGQDQFH6XUYH\

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire

FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 17.07.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A3 1:1500 2 C:\Users\rosanna.price\appdata\local\temp\AcPublish_16760\MK0215 Northaw House, Herts EVAL Fig 02.dwg 527250 527300 527350 527400 N 202500

Site boundary Evaluation trench Cut feature (un/excavated) Field drain Modern

B B Section location

202450 T3 T1

ditch 503 T5

A pit T2 203

T4 A T6

202400 0 20m

&URZQFRS\ULJKWDQGGDWDEDVHULJKWV2UGQDQFH6XUYH\

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire

FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan - inset

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 13.08.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A3 1:500 3 C:\Users\rosanna.price\appdata\local\temp\AcPublish_20044\MK0215 Northaw House, Herts EVAL Fig 02.dwg Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire

FIGURE TITLE Photographs - site prior to excavation

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 17.07.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A3 NA 4 General view of Trench 1, looking north-east (1m scales)

General view of Trench 2, looking south-east (1m scales)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE Northaw House, Cuffley, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire

FIGURE TITLE Photographs - trenches 1 and 2

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 17.07.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A4 N/A 5 General view of Trench 4, looking south-east (1m scales)

General view of Trench 5, looking north (1m scales)

FIGURE TITLE Trenches 4 and 5: photographs

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 17.07.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A4 N/A 6 General view of Trench 6, looking south-east (1m scales) General view of Trench 6, looking north-west (1m scales)

FIGURE TITLE Photographs - trench 6

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 17.07.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A3 NA 7 Section AA

S N 119.7m AOD 204 pit 203

011:20 m

Pit 203, looking east (0.5m scale)

FIGURE TITLE Trench 2, pit 203: section and photograph

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 17.07.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A4 1:20 8 Ditch 503, looking north-east (1m scale)

FIGURE TITLE Trench 5, ditch 503

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. MK0215 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY AO DATE 18.08.20 APPROVED BY AJS SCALE@A4 1:20 9

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