Annual Report 2017 Contents
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History of the Upstream Industry
History of the upstream industry The pre-industrial period. From ancient and obtained great profits from selling it to the Egyptians. times to the mid Nineteenth century Strabo (c. 63 BC-c. 20 AD) in his Geographia recounts that this sea was full of asphalt, which erupted at the surface from Ancient times and the Middle Ages the centre of the lake, as though the waters were boiling. Natural products containing mixtures of solid and The fame of the Dead Sea continued as time went by: in semi-solid hydrocarbons were already known by the ancient the Seventh century AD Isidore of Seville (570-636) again civilizations in the Mediterranean area and in the Middle wrote about it, at second-hand, in his Originum, sive East, as confirmed by a number of archaeological etymologiarum libri XX, which, together with the preceding testimonies, by various mentions in the Bible and by Naturalis historia of Pliny the Elder (23 AD-79 AD), numerous Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian inscriptions. influenced all compilations of natural history in the ensuing They were commonly used by the Mesopotamian and centuries. Persian civilizations as impermeable materials of In the Classical Age, the richest occurrences of construction. In ancient times, solid hydrocarbons (bitumen hydrocarbons were in the Tigris and Euphrates valleys. The and asphalt) were much sought after, while the liquid ones importance of this region is reflected in the writings of (known as ‘naphtha’), which were less common, never various authors, who mention the asphalt springs of became items of daily consumption. Lack of distillation Babylonia. Strabo describes the clear, light, highly techniques, necessary for removing the more easily inflammable oil and the dark viscous oil, not dangerous to inflammable light fractions, prevented the use of liquid handle, from which bitumen could be obtained by hydrocarbons as sources of energy. -
The Organization of the Third International Petroleum Congress in Bucharest, 1907
“Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy Scientific Bulletin, Volume XIX – 2016 – Issue 2 The journal is indexed in: PROQUEST / DOAJ / Crossref / EBSCOhost / INDEX COPERNICUS / DRJI / OAJI / JOURNAL INDEX / I2OR / SCIENCE LIBRARY INDEX / Google Scholar / Academic Keys/ ROAD Open Access / Academic Resources / Scientific Indexing Services / SCIPIO / JIFACTOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM CONGRESS IN BUCHAREST, 1907 Gheorghe CALCAN1 1Professor Education Sciences Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiești, 39, București Blvd, Ploiești, Romania Abstract: The history of this congress began in 1900, when in Paris there was organized the first International Petroleum Congress. Due to the success registered by the Romanian delegation there, it was decided that the second congress to be held in Romania. The idea was welcome in the oil field, but politicians were rather reserved. In 1903, the political circles refused organizing the congress. As a result, the second International Petroleum Congress was held in 1905 in Belgium. The performance of the Romanian delegation was also excellent, so it was decided that the next congress to be held in Romania. If in 1906 the preparations went rather slowly, at the beginning of 1907 they accelerated. The Programme of the Congress (August 22 - September 2 1907) was complex and included both scientific papers and documentary visits, as the ones to the city of Constanţa, to Constanţa port and to oil facilities in the area. The Romanian Maritime Service also provided the opportunity for -
Review Article Status of the Reactive Extraction As a Method of Separation
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Chemistry Volume 2015, Article ID 853789, 16 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/853789 Review Article Status of the Reactive Extraction as a Method of Separation Dipaloy Datta,1 Sushil Kumar,2 and Hasan Uslu3 1 Chemical Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala 147004, India 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211004, India 3Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Beykent University, Ayazaga,˘ 34437 Istanbul,˙ Turkey Correspondence should be addressed to Hasan Uslu; [email protected] Received 7 August 2014; Accepted 20 September 2014 Academic Editor: Saeid Azizian Copyright © 2015 Dipaloy Datta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The prospective function of a novel energy efficient fermentation technology has been getting great attention in the past fiftyyears due to the quick raise in petroleum costs. Fermentation chemicals are still limited in the modern market in huge part because of trouble in recovery of carboxylic acids. Therefore, it is needed considerable development in the current recovery technology. Carboxylic acids have been used as the majority of fermentation chemicals. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the reactive extraction of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths. This paper principally focuses on reactive extraction that is found to be a capable option to the proper recovery methods. 1. Introduction and inorganic acids, organic chemistry intermediates, and pharmaceuticals for the purposes of separation, purification, Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a process in which a par- or enrichment [2]oftheproduct. -
Brief History of Romanian Oil Industry
HISTORY The first record mentioning oil from the Romanian province of Wallachia is dated 1517. In the beginning, crude oil exploitation simply meant collection from the shallow pits and ditches in the outcrops of the Sub-Carpathian area. The technique involved digging small holes where oil seeped and then was channelled through ditches towards a collecting pit. Deeper “oil mines” were dug by hand from the late 16th century to the 19th century. Some of these “oil mines” were over 30 meters deep. The industrial start of Romania’s oil industry is considered to be 1857 because of three world firsts that year. The first country in the world to officially record petroleum production. Romania was the first country in the world to officially record an oil production of 275 tonnes in the international statistics. Romania was followed by official oil production from the United States in 1859, Italy in 1860, Canada in 1862 and Russia in 1863. The world’s first refinery Romania‘s first oil processing refinery in the 1840’s was a simple handmade equipment using rudimentary methods similar distilling alcohol in a rustic boiler. Distillation on industrial scale started in 1857 with the building of the Mehedinteanu Brothers refinery. The refinery installations were primitive, with all the equipment and cylindrical vessels were made from wrought iron and heated with wood fire. Bucharest, the world’s first city illuminated with kerosene Bucharest was illuminated with 1000 street lamps. On 1st April 1857 everything was ready and working. The oil offered by Mehedinteanu brothers for public illumination had incontestable properties: colourless and with no smell, burning with a light flame with a constant intensity and shape, without smoke, ash or resin. -
09 Anda Gheorghiu.Pdf
NEW ECONOMY Section 151 152 150 YEARS OF ROMANIAN RESEARCH Anda GHEORGHIU∗ Abstract. Internationally, Romania is rather less known for his achievements in the scientific field. Although it has memorable contributions to the advance of the global science, there are few persons who truly are aware of the great value of science accomplishments generated by Romanians. The motivation of this article lies in the desire to make known to the global academic community some of the most significant scientific discoveries of Romanians. Since ancient times, the Romanian principalities (Transylvania, Moldavia, Wallachia) tried to develop a system of knowledge in various fields, such as mathematics, astronomy, engineering mining, milling, medicine. But very few people were truly educated mostly priests, and royal functionaries. Schools of higher education – had existed in the Romanian principalities since the 16th century. The most dynamic and continuing were the “academies” set up in Bucharest (in 1689) and Iasi (in 1707). A program of modernization was adopted after the 1859 Union of the two Romanian Principalities, Wallachia and Moldavia. Universities, commercial, medical and technical schools were established. Many important intellectuals surprised the world with their scientific discoveries. 2016 marks the 150-th anniversary of the founding of the Romanian Academy and 150 years since King Carol I (Hohenzollern Sigmaringen) ascended to the throne of Romanian principalities. A king who had not only military, political and social achievements, but above all, a big role in the advancement of the Romanian culture, technology, infrastructure. This paper is an attempt to present to the public some of the most important achievements of the Romanian scientist in the 150 years. -
Dilcsetb 2013 Ii 12
AGORA International Journal of Juridical Sciences, www.juridicaljournal.univagora.ro ISSN 1843-570X, E-ISSN 2067-7677 No. 2 (2013), pp. 150-164 DEVELOPMENTS IN LEGAL CHEMISTRY. SIBUTRAMINE EFFECTS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN LEGAL AND ILLEGAL CONSUMPTION D.M. Pancu Diana Mihaela Pancu Student at the master's program “Applied Forensic Research”, Police Academy “Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, Bucharest, Romania * Correspondence: Diana Mihaela Pancu, Police Academy “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” Bucharest, 1-3 Aleea Privighetorilor St., Sector 1, 014031Bucharest, Romania E-mail:[email protected] Abstract In the present paper we determined the presence of sibutramine in urine using the GC- MS/MS system. The determination of sibutramine was studied in relation to slimming health foods 1. Prolonged or excessive consumption of unauthorized pharmaceuticals may cause serious adverse consequences on health. In this study, samples were extracted with the help of methanol and acetonitryl and the sibutramine concentrations were found in the range of 0,5 g/l. Keywords: sibutramine, GC-MS/MS, methanol and acetonitryl, HPLC-MS Introduction Amphetamines are psychostimulant drugs that produce increased wakefulness, decreased fatigue and appetite. The pressor effect of amphetamine was first described by Piness and associates (1933). In 1933, it was noted that it is a bronchodilator, a respiratory stimulant with analeptic action and was compared to epinephrine. Amphetamines described as methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine belongs to the group of drugs that potentially increase the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine, euphoria-inducing drugs absorbed at cellular level. From a medical perspective, amphetamines are sympathomimetic substances, related to derivatives of adrenaline (epinephrine) in which central excitatory effects prevail.