DOCSLIB.ORG

Mumps Virus Serological Reagents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mumps Virus Serological Reagents Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 866.3400 are associated with inflammatory con- specimens. The identification aids in ditions of the urinary and respiratory the diagnosis of disease caused by bac- tracts, the genitals, and the mouth. teria belonging to the genus Neisseria, The effects in humans of infection with such as epidemic cerebrospinal menin- Mycoplasma pneumoniae range from gitis, meningococcal disease, and gon- inapparent infection to mild or severe orrhea, and also provides epidemiolog- upper respiratory disease, ear infec- ical information on diseases caused by tion, and bronchial pneumonia. these microorganisms. The device does (b) Classification. Class I (general con- not include products for the detection trols). The device is exempt from the of gonorrhea in humans by indirect premarket notification procedures in methods, such as detection of anti- subpart E of part 807 of this chapter bodies or of oxidase produced by gono- subject to § 866.9. coccal organisms. (b) Classification. Class II (perform- [47 FR 50823, Nov. 9, 1982, as amended at 65 FR 2311, Jan. 14, 2000] ance standards). § 866.3380 Mumps virus serological re- § 866.3395 Norovirus serological re- agents. agents. (a) Identification. Mumps virus sero- (a) Identification. Norovirus sero- logical reagents consist of antigens and logical reagents are devices that con- antisera used in serological tests to sist of antigens and antisera used in se- identify antibodies to mumps virus in rological tests to detect the presence of serum. Additionally, some of these re- norovirus antigens in fecal samples. agents consist of antisera conjugated These devices aid in the diagnosis of with a fluorescent dye norovirus infection in the setting of an (immunofluorescent reagents) used in individual patient with symptoms of serological tests to identify mumps vi- acute gastroenteritis when the indi- ruses from tissue culture isolates de- vidual patient is epidemiologically rived from clinical specimens. The linked to other patients with symp- identification aids in the diagnosis of toms of acute gastroenteritis and/or mumps and provides epidemiological aid in the identification of norovirus as information on mumps. Mumps is an the etiology of an outbreak of acute acute contagious disease, particularly gastroenteritis in the setting of in children, characterized by an en- epidemiologically linked patients with largement of one or both of the parotid symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. glands (glands situated near the ear), (b) Classification. Class II (special although other organs may also be in- controls). The special control is FDA’s volved. guidance document entitled ‘‘Class II (b) Classification. Class I (general con- Special Controls Guidance Document: trols). The device is exempt from the Norovirus Serological Reagents.’’ See premarket notification procedures in § 866.1(e) for the availability of this subpart E of part 807 of this chapter guidance document. subject to § 866.9. [77 FR 14274, Mar. 9, 2012] [47 FR 50823, Nov. 9, 1982, as amended at 65 EFFECTIVE DATE NOTE: At 77 FR 14274, Mar. FR 2311, Jan. 14, 2000] 9, 2012, § 866.3395 was added, effective April 9, 2012. § 866.3390 Neisseria spp. direct sero- logical test reagents. § 866.3400 Parainfluenza virus sero- (a) Identification. Neisseria spp. direct logical reagents. serological test reagents are devices (a) Identification. Parainfluenza virus that consist of antigens and antisera serological reagents are devices that used in serological tests to identify consist of antigens and antisera used in Neisseria spp. from cultured isolates. serological tests to identify antibodies Additionally, some of these reagents to parainfluenza virus in serum. The consist of Neisseria spp. antisera con- identification aids in the diagnosis of jugated with a fluorescent dye parainfluenza virus infections and pro- (immunofluorescent reagents) which vides epidemiological information on may be used to detect the presence of diseases caused by these viruses. Neisseria spp. directly from clinical Parainfluenza viruses cause a variety 269 VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:34 May 10, 2012 Jkt 226074 PO 00000 Frm 00279 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Q:\21\21V8.TXT ofr150 PsN: PC150.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Communicable Disease Chart
    COMMON INFECTIOUS ILLNESSES From birth to age 18 Disease, illness or organism Incubation period How is it spread? When is a child most contagious? When can a child return to the Report to county How to prevent spreading infection (management of conditions)*** (How long after childcare center or school? health department* contact does illness develop?) To prevent the spread of organisms associated with common infections, practice frequent hand hygiene, cover mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, and stay up to date with immunizations. Bronchiolitis, bronchitis, Variable Contact with droplets from nose, eyes or Variable, often from the day before No restriction unless child has fever, NO common cold, croup, mouth of infected person; some viruses can symptoms begin to 5 days after onset or is too uncomfortable, fatigued ear infection, pneumonia, live on surfaces (toys, tissues, doorknobs) or ill to participate in activities sinus infection and most for several hours (center unable to accommodate sore throats (respiratory diseases child’s increased need for comfort caused by many different viruses and rest) and occasionally bacteria) Cold sore 2 days to 2 weeks Direct contact with infected lesions or oral While lesions are present When active lesions are no longer NO Avoid kissing and sharing drinks or utensils. (Herpes simplex virus) secretions (drooling, kissing, thumb sucking) present in children who do not have control of oral secretions (drooling); no exclusions for other children Conjunctivitis Variable, usually 24 to Highly contagious;
    [Show full text]
  • Mumps Virus Pathogenesis Clinical Features
    Mumps Mumps Mumps is an acute viral illness. Parotitis and orchitis were described by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE. In 1934, Johnson and Goodpasture showed that mumps could be transmitted from infected patients to rhesus monkeys and demonstrated that mumps was caused by a filterable agent present in saliva. This agent was later shown to be a virus. Mumps was a frequent cause of outbreaks among military personnel in the prevaccine era, and was one of the most common causes of aseptic meningitis and sensorineural deafness in childhood. During World War I, only influenza and gonorrhea were more common causes of hospitalization among soldiers. Outbreaks of mumps have been reported among military personnel as recently as 1986. Mumps Virus Mumps virus is a paramyxovirus in the same group as parainfluenza and Newcastle disease virus. Parainfluenza and Newcastle disease viruses produce antibodies that cross- 11 react with mumps virus. The virus has a single-stranded RNA genome. The virus can be isolated or propagated in cultures of various human and monkey tissues and in embryonated eggs. It has been recovered from the saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, blood, milk, and infected tissues of patients with mumps. Mumps virus is rapidly inactivated by formalin, ether, chloroform, heat, and ultraviolet light. Pathogenesis The virus is acquired by respiratory droplets. It replicates in the nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes. After 12–25 days a viremia occurs, which lasts from 3 to 5 days. During the viremia, the virus spreads to multiple tissues, including the meninges, and glands such as the salivary, pancreas, testes, and ovaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
    Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Developed by Vini Vijayan, MD, in collaboration with the ANGELS Team. Last reviewed by Vini Vijayan, MD, January 24, 2017. Because measles, mumps, and rubella can be prevented by a combination vaccine, all 3 of these illnesses are discussed in this Guideline. The following vaccines are available in the United States: Live measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR) Live measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella virus vaccine (MMRV) MEASLES (RUBEOLA) Key Points Measles, also called rubeola or red measles, is a highly contagious viral illness characterized by fever, malaise, rash, cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis. Measles is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Over the past decade measles has been making a resurgence in the United States. Vaccination with MMR or MMRV is highly effective in preventing the disease. Introduction The Virus The measles virus is a single-stranded, enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. 1 The virus enters the respiratory epithelium of the nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes resulting in viremia and dissemination to the skin, respiratory tract, and other organs. The peak incidence of measles in temperate areas is late winter and early spring. Transmission Measles is a highly contagious virus with an estimated 90% secondary infection rate in susceptible domestic contacts. Measles is spread by droplets from respiratory secretions and close personal contact or direct contact with infected nasal or throat secretions. Measles virus can be transmitted by an infected person from 4 days prior to the onset of the rash to 4 days after the rash erupts.
    [Show full text]
  • Viruses in Transplantation - Not Always Enemies
    Viruses in transplantation - not always enemies Virome and transplantation ECCMID 2018 - Madrid Prof. Laurent Kaiser Head Division of Infectious Diseases Laboratory of Virology Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases University Hospital of Geneva ESCMID eLibrary © by author Conflict of interest None ESCMID eLibrary © by author The human virome: definition? Repertoire of viruses found on the surface of/inside any body fluid/tissue • Eukaryotic DNA and RNA viruses • Prokaryotic DNA and RNA viruses (phages) 25 • The “main” viral community (up to 10 bacteriophages in humans) Haynes M. 2011, Metagenomic of the human body • Endogenous viral elements integrated into host chromosomes (8% of the human genome) • NGS is shaping the definition Rascovan N et al. Annu Rev Microbiol 2016;70:125-41 Popgeorgiev N et al. Intervirology 2013;56:395-412 Norman JM et al. Cell 2015;160:447-60 ESCMID eLibraryFoxman EF et al. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011;9:254-64 © by author Viruses routinely known to cause diseases (non exhaustive) Upper resp./oropharyngeal HSV 1 Influenza CNS Mumps virus Rhinovirus JC virus RSV Eye Herpes viruses Parainfluenza HSV Measles Coronavirus Adenovirus LCM virus Cytomegalovirus Flaviviruses Rabies HHV6 Poliovirus Heart Lower respiratory HTLV-1 Coxsackie B virus Rhinoviruses Parainfluenza virus HIV Coronaviruses Respiratory syncytial virus Parainfluenza virus Adenovirus Respiratory syncytial virus Coronaviruses Gastro-intestinal Influenza virus type A and B Human Bocavirus 1 Adenovirus Hepatitis virus type A, B, C, D, E Those that cause
    [Show full text]
  • Infection Prevention News & Updates
    APRIL 2018 INFECTION PREVENTION NEWS & UPDATES FAST FACTS HEPATITIS A Hepatitis A outbreaks continue to occur as the global prevalence appears Severity to be rapidly increasing. Victoria Australia is seeing its outbreak grow with MULTI-COUNTRY OUTBREAK 58 confirmed cases, 7 probably cases, 16 cases under early investigation, and one death. Being homeless or an IV drug user is associated with a higher probability of becoming infected. The initial laboratory analysis suggests the strain is similar to a strain circulating in Europe, suggesting Transmission CONTACT there is a travel associated case linking the outbreaks. The outbreak in Kentucky in the US is continuing to grow with 150 cases, 124 of which are in the greater Louisville area. As with other outbreaks, the homeless and IV drug users are at a higher risk of getting disease. The Utah outbreak has 217 confirmed cases. Genetic sequencing of the virus has shown that the Arizona and California outbreaks reported previously are tied to these outbreaks as well. Location AUSTRALIA, USA Hepatitis A is an infection that causes an inflammation of the liver. There are a number of viruses that can cause Hepatitis including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, with vaccinations available for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. Hepatitis A is passed to other people through contact with infected feces, or if an infected person touches objects after using the toilet and not washing their hands, including contaminating food or drink from contact with contaminated hands, so handwashing and surface disinfection are important interventions to prevent the spread of the virus. It can also be spread by sexual contact.
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives on Vaccination Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus
    Perspectives on vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus What makes the development of RSV vaccines challenging? Oliver Wicht PhD, Projectleader MD-RSV antibodies RIVM, Centrum infektieziektenbestrijding http://www.strategischprogramma rivm.nl/gezondheid_afweer RSV is a pleomorphic paramyxovirus Jeffree et al. Virology, Volume 306, Issue 2, 2003, 254–267 ● Same family as measles virus, mumps virus, and metapneumovirus ● Vaccine is not available ● Pathogenesis varies from mild cold to bronchiolitis and pneumonia, rarely lethal ● reinfections frequently occur throughout life, 5-20% of population per annum 3 Perspectives on vaccination against RSV | 18-11-2015 RSV-mediated respiratory disease RSV infection by large droplets and contaminated surfaces virus shedding URT virus cleared 3- 5 days 1- 3 weeks Upper respiratory tract infection Rhinorrhea, cough, common cold 4 Perspectives on vaccination against RSV | 18-11-2015 RSV-mediated respiratory disease RSV infection by large droplets and Lower respiratory tract infection: contaminated surfaces Fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, sore throat, cough, dyspnea, rhinorrhea Otits, Sinositis, brochiolitis, pneumonia 1- 3 days virus shedding 4 - 8 months virus LRT URT virus cleared cleared 3- 5 days 1- 3 weeks possible longer term effects: airway hyperreactivity, wheezing, asthma 5 Perspectives on vaccination against RSV | 18-11-2015 RSV-mediated respiratory disease ● RSV stays in the lungs, usually not systemic – Mucosal pathogens are hard to study because conditions are hard to mimick in
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status of Mumps Virus Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Current Status of Mumps Virus Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Shih-Bin Su 1, Hsiao-Liang Chang 2 and Kow-Tong Chen 3,4,* 1 Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Department of Surveillance, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei 100, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan 4 Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-6-2609926; Fax: +886-6-2606351 Received: 17 January 2020; Accepted: 29 February 2020; Published: 5 March 2020 Abstract: Mumps is an important childhood infectious disease caused by mumps virus (MuV). We reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and vaccine development of mumps. Previous studies were identified using the key words “mumps” and “epidemiology”, “pathogenesis” or “vaccine” in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We excluded the articles that were not published in the English language, manuscripts without abstracts, and opinion articles from the review. The number of cases caused by MuV decreased steeply after the introduction of the mumps vaccine worldwide. In recent years, a global resurgence of mumps cases in developed countries and cases of aseptic meningitis caused by some mumps vaccine strains have renewed the importance of MuV infection worldwide. The performance of mumps vaccination has become an important issue for controlling mumps infections. Vaccine development and routine vaccination are still effective measures to globally reduce the incidence of mumps infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Mumps Outbreak — Connecticut, in This Issue
    Volume 30, No. 3 April 2010 Mumps Outbreak — Connecticut, In this issue... January – April 2010 Mumps Outbreak—Connecticut, 9 During January 2010, the Connecticut Department January — April 2010 of Public Health (DPH) identified the first mumps Outbreaks of Norovirus 10 outbreak in the state in more than 25 years. This Gastroenteritis Associated with a report summarizes the outbreak, describes the Bakery, Connecticut, 2010 relationship between the outbreak in Connecticut Figure 1: Mumps cases associated with a and a larger mumps outbreak ongoing in the Connecticut residential school (n=13) Northeast region, and provides general mumps clinical characteristics, as well as transmission and 4 vaccination information. 3 On January 28, 2010 the DPH Immunization s e s Program was notified of several possible mumps a C f o cases in a Connecticut residential school providing 2 r e secondary and post-secondary education to 72 b m u male students from a tradition-observant religious N 1 community. Shortly thereafter, a site visit was conducted, case follow-up was initiated, and additional statewide case-finding methods were 0 implemented. Cases were classified using the 2008 Jan 6 Jan 15 Jan 24 Feb 2 Feb 11 national surveillance case definition (1). On Date of Illness Onset February 5, 2010, the DPH issued a mumps advisory to raise awareness among practitioners mumps outbreak in Connecticut is epidemiologically and enhance surveillance for potential mumps linked to a larger outbreak occurring in the cases; an update was provided on March 16. Northeast region; epidemiologic linkage consisted of travel to an out-of-state area where mumps As of April 13, 2010, a total of 12 confirmed cases cases were occurring.
    [Show full text]
  • Mumps Virus: a Comprehensive Review
    Journal Identification = VIR Article Identification = 0745 Date: August 8, 2018 Time: 5:59 pm Review Virologie 2018, 22 (4) : E14-E28 Mumps virus: a comprehensive review Thomas Mourez1 Abstract. Once very common in children, mumps virus infection is now much Julia Dina2 rarer thanks to vaccination, recommended in the majority of countries in the world. This virus of the family Paramyxoviridae has a marked tropism for glan- 1 Normandie Univ, dular tissues which explains the great diversity of pathologies related to this UniRouen, EA2656, virus, including parotitis, orchitis or meningitis. Due to the lower circulation CHU de Rouen, of the virus, the proportion of infected adults increases. A surveillance system Laboratoire de virologie, for mumps virus infections at the national and international levels is organized, 1, rue de Germont, particularly at the molecular level. In France, it is provided by the national refer- 76031 Rouen, France ence center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella. Although it has led to a significant <[email protected]> reduction in the number of cases, the long-term effectiveness of mumps vacci- 2 Normandie Univ, nation is questionable. The nature of the vaccine strains and the lack of regular UniCaen, EA2656, stimulation of populations by circulating wild viruses may explain, in part, the CHU de Caen, decrease in immunity over time. Thus, the vaccination recommandations could Laboratoire de virologie, evolve in the future to reach eradication in a medium or long term. Centre national de référence rougeole, oreillons, rubéole, Key words : mumps virus, paramyxoviridae, parotitis, vaccination Avenue Georges-Clemenceau 14033 Caen, France Résumé. Autrefois très fréquente chez les enfants, l’infection par le virus des oreillons est aujourd’hui beaucoup plus rare grâce à la vaccination, recommandée dans la majorité des pays dans le monde.
    [Show full text]
  • Arenaviridae Astroviridae Filoviridae Flaviviridae Hantaviridae
    Hantaviridae 0.7 Filoviridae 0.6 Picornaviridae 0.3 Wenling red spikefish hantavirus Rhinovirus C Ahab virus * Possum enterovirus * Aronnax virus * * Wenling minipizza batfish hantavirus Wenling filefish filovirus Norway rat hunnivirus * Wenling yellow goosefish hantavirus Starbuck virus * * Porcine teschovirus European mole nova virus Human Marburg marburgvirus Mosavirus Asturias virus * * * Tortoise picornavirus Egyptian fruit bat Marburg marburgvirus Banded bullfrog picornavirus * Spanish mole uluguru virus Human Sudan ebolavirus * Black spectacled toad picornavirus * Kilimanjaro virus * * * Crab-eating macaque reston ebolavirus Equine rhinitis A virus Imjin virus * Foot and mouth disease virus Dode virus * Angolan free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * * Human cosavirus E Seoul orthohantavirus Little free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * African bat icavirus A Tigray hantavirus Human Zaire ebolavirus * Saffold virus * Human choclo virus *Little collared fruit bat ebolavirus Peleg virus * Eastern red scorpionfish picornavirus * Reed vole hantavirus Human bundibugyo ebolavirus * * Isla vista hantavirus * Seal picornavirus Human Tai forest ebolavirus Chicken orivirus Paramyxoviridae 0.4 * Duck picornavirus Hepadnaviridae 0.4 Bildad virus Ned virus Tiger rockfish hepatitis B virus Western African lungfish picornavirus * Pacific spadenose shark paramyxovirus * European eel hepatitis B virus Bluegill picornavirus Nemo virus * Carp picornavirus * African cichlid hepatitis B virus Triplecross lizardfish paramyxovirus * * Fathead minnow picornavirus
    [Show full text]
  • Incubation Period of Measles from Exposure to Prodrome ■ Exposure to Rash Onset Averages 11 to 12 Days
    Measles Paul Gastanaduy, MD; Penina Haber, MPH; Paul A. Rota, PhD; and Manisha Patel, MD, MS Measles is an acute, viral, infectious disease. References to measles can be found from as early as the 7th century. The Measles disease was described by the Persian physician Rhazes in the ● Acute viral infectious disease 10th century as “more to be dreaded than smallpox.” ● First described in 7th century In 1846, Peter Panum described the incubation period of ● Vaccines first licensed include measles and lifelong immunity after recovery from the disease. measles in 1963, MMR in 1971, John Enders and Thomas Chalmers Peebles isolated the virus in and MMRV in 2005 human and monkey kidney tissue culture in 1954. The first live, ● Infection nearly universal attenuated vaccine (Edmonston B strain) was licensed for use in during childhood in the United States in 1963. In 1971, a combined measles, mumps, prevaccine era and rubella (MMR) vaccine was licensed for use in the United ● Still common and often fatal States. In 2005, a combination measles, mumps, rubella, and in developing countries varicella (MMRV) vaccine was licensed. Before a vaccine was available, infection with measles virus was nearly universal during childhood, and more than 90% of persons were immune due to past infection by age 15 years. Measles is still a common and often fatal disease in developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates there were 142,300 deaths from measles globally in 2018. In the United 13 States, there have been recent outbreaks; the largest occurring in 2019 primarily among people who were not vaccinated.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigative Guidelines: Mumps
    PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention Mumps Investigative Guidelines November 2018 1. DISEASE REPORTING 1.1 Purpose of Reporting and Surveillance 1. To assess the burden of mumps infections in Oregon. 2. To identify cases and educate potentially exposed persons about signs and symptoms of disease, thereby reducing the risk of further transmission. 3. To identify and vaccinate susceptible individuals. 1.2 Laboratory and Physician Reporting Requirements Physicians are required to report all cases (including suspected cases) within one working day. Labs are required to report mumps-specific positive tests (e.g., IgM, virus isolation, PCR) within one working day. 1.3 Local Health Department Reporting and Follow-Up Responsibilities 1. Report all confirmed and presumptive cases (see definitions below) to the Acute and Communicable Disease Prevention section (ACDP) within one working day. 2. Begin follow-up investigation within one working day. Submit all case data electronically within 7 days of the initial report. 3. Initiate appropriate control measures within 1 working day of initial report (see §5, Controlling Further Spread). 2. THE DISEASE AND ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY 2.1 Etiologic Agent Mumps is caused by a single-stranded, RNA paramyxovirus. 2.2 Description of Illness Prodromal symptoms are nonspecific; they include myalgia, anorexia, malaise, headache, and low-grade fever, and may last for 3–4 days. Parotitis (inflammation and swelling of the parotid salivary glands) is the most common manifestation of clinical mumps, affecting 30–40% of infected persons. Parotitis can be unilateral or bilateral; other combinations of single or multiple salivary glands may be affected. Parotitis usually occurs within the first 2 days of symptom onset and may present as an earache or tenderness on palpation of November 2018 Mumps the angle of the jaw.
    [Show full text]