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Barbus Sensitivus, a New Species with Extensive Pitlines from the Sanaga River (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

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Barbus Sensitivus, a New Species with Extensive Pitlines from the Sanaga River (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology Barbus sensitivus, a new species with extensive pitlines from the Sanaga River (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Tyson R. Roberts Research Associate, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Email: [email protected] Received: 29 June 2010 – Accepted: 10 August 2010 Abstract vergleichende Studien unter Einbeziehung von REM- Barbus sensitivus new species, from the Sanaga River in Bildern, die Vergleich und Bestimmung ermöglichen. Keine Cameroon, West Africa, has a much more slender caudal der bisher beschriebenen Arten ähnelt dieser neuen Art peduncle than any other small African barb. It also has besonders. Die pitline organelles von B. sensitivus n. sp. extensively distributed exposed pitline organelles in pit lines haben freiliegende oder freie Neuromasten. Ihre Funktion- on the head and scales, illustrated here by scanning electron sweise ist vermutlich mechanosensorisch. Bei der erwachse- micrographs. Similar pit lines and pitline organelles evi- nen B. sensitivus n. sp. sind sie in großen Grubenreihen auf dently occur in various other Old World barbs assigned to Kopf und Rumpf extensiv verteilt; sie ähneln Seitenlinien- various genera in Africa and Asia but adequate comparative Neuromasten bei weit entwickelten Larven von Cyprinus car- studies including SEM observations are not available to pio, Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens und Danio rerio. permit their comparison and identification. None of the Hauptsächlich sind die Neuromasten auf den ventrolateralen species previously described are very similar to this new Teil des Kopfes konzentriert, wo ihre Zahl rund 30.000 species. The pitline organelles of B. sensitivus n. sp. have beträgt, jeweils mit 20 bis 100 Kinozilien (Flimmerhärchen) exposed or free neuromasts. Their sensory modality pre- mit einer Länge von 7 Mikrometern und 0,4 Mikrometern sumably is mechanosensory. Extensively distributed in large Durchmesser. Grubenreihen mit kleineren -Organellen und pit lines on the head and body of adult B. sensitivus n. sp., weniger Kinozilien finden sich auf den Schuppen des they are similar to lateral line neuromast organs in Rumpfes und auf der Oberseite des Kopfes, fehlen aber auf advanced larvae of Cyprinus carpio, Gnathopogon elongatus den Flossen. Ihr Vorhandensein bei den erwachsenen Tieren caerulescens, and Danio rerio. They are most concentrated der Art B. sensitivus könnte als neotenische Beibehaltung on the ventrolateral part of the head, which has about 3000 (Reste eines früheren Entwicklungsstadiums) aufgefasst wer- of them, most bearing 20 to 100 kinocilia up to 7 micra den. Bei den Larven von Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens long and 0.4 micra in diameter. Pit lines with smaller pit- dienen derartige Organellen dem Aufspüren von kleiner line organelles and fewer kinocilia occur in rows on the Planktonnahrung wie Artemia während der Nahrungssuche scales of the body and on the dorsal surface of the head but unter verminderten Lichtverhältnissen. are absent from the fins. Their presence in adult B. sensi- tivus new species might represent a neotenic retention. In Résumé larval Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens they facilitate Barbus sensitivus n. sp., de la rivière Sanaga au Cameroun, detection of tiny planktonic prey such as Artemia when Afrique occidentale, a un pédoncule caudal beaucoup plus feeding under reduced light conditions. mince que n’importe quel autre petit Barbus africain. Il a aussi des organites exposés largement répartis (organites de Zusammenfassung pitline) en pit lines sur la tête et les écailles, illustrés ici par Die neue Art Barbus sensitivus vom Sanaga-Fluss in micrographie électronique scannée. Des pit lines et des or ga - Kamerun, Westafrika, hat einen deutlich schlankeren nites de pitline similaires apparaissent avec évidence sur Schwanzstiel als andere kleine afrikanische Barben. Außer- nom bre d’autres Barbus de l’Ancien Monde, appartenant à dem haben die Vertreter dieser Art in Grübchen, die auf dem des genre différents, en Afrique et en Asie, mais des études Kopf und den Schuppen in Reihen angeordnet sind, frei comparées adéquates, comprenant des observations SEM liegende Organellen („pitline organelles“), die hier durch font défaut pour permettre leur comparaison et identifica- Rasterelektronenmikroskop-Bilder veranschaulicht werden. tion. Aucune des espèces décrites précédemment n’est vrai- Ähnliche Grubenreihen und -Organellen kommen augen- ment semblable à cette nouvelle espèce. Les organites de pit- scheinlich bei anderen Altwelt-Barben vor, in unter- line de B. sensitivus ont des neuromastes exposés ou libres. schiedlichen Gattungen aus Afrika und Asien, doch fehlen Leur mo de de sensibilité est probablement mécanosensoriel. 187 aqua vol. 16 no. 4 - 15 October 2010 Barbus sensitivus, a new species with extensive pitlines from the Sanaga River (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Extensivement répartis en larges pit lines sur la tête et le and Tweddle et al. (2006). The sensory papillae corps de B. sensitivus n. sp. adultes, ils sont analogues à des usually are restricted to, or most highly developed neuromastes de la ligne latérale chez les larves à un stade on the lower surfaces of the head. In some, as in the avancé de Cy pri nus carpio, Gnathophogon elongatus caeru le - new species described here, they also occur on the scens et Danio rerio. Ils sont le plus concentrés sur la partie ventrale de la tête qui en compte près de 3.000, la plupart body. They have not been observed on the fins. portant de 20 à 100 kinocíls longs de 7 microns au maxi- In Africa these fishes generally are placed in the mum et d’un diamètre de 0,4 micron. Des pit lines avec les genus Barbus, a catch-all taxon with about 300 organites plus petits et moins de kinocíls apparaissent en species recognized as valid (Daget et al. 1984; rangées sur les écailles du corps et sur la partie dorsale de la Eschmeyer 2010). Several of these African Barbus tête mais sont absentes des nageoires. Leur pré sen ce sur des species sometimes were referred either to Ente - B. sensitivus n. sp. adultes pourrait représenter une persis- romius or Beirabarbus because of their superficial tance néoténique. Au stade larvaire des Gna thopogon elon- sensory papillae but this practice has waned and gatus caerulescens, elles facilitent la détection de fines proies planctoniques, comme les Artemia, quand le nour rissage se currently they are all assigned to Barbus passe sous des conditions lumineuses médiocres. (Eschmeyer 2010). In Asia there are no cyprinids assigned at present Sommario to the genus Barbus, but there are at least three Barbus sensitivus nuova specie, proveniente dal fiume barb-like genera with extensively developed rows of Sanaga in Camerun, Africa occidentale, ha un peduncolo cephalic sensory papillae large enough to be seen caudale molto più esile di ogni altro barbo africano di pic- with the naked eye: Cyclocheilichthys, Eirmotus and cola taglia. Presenta inoltre tipici neuromasti esposti esten- Oreichthys (pers. obs.). As with the African barbs sivamente distribuiti in fossette disposte lungo linee carat- having them, these structures have not yet been teristiche sul capo e sulle scaglie, illustrate qui da fotografie al microscopio elettronico a scansione (SEM). Simili dis- examined with scanning electron microscopy. tribuzioni di questi organelli sono chiaramente presenti in Another point about the presence of possibly sim- varie altre specie di barbi del vecchio mondo, anche asseg- ilar exposed ciliated mechanoreceptors in a variety nati a generi distinte in Africa e Asia, ma un adeguato stu- of Asian as well African barbs is that they may have dio comparativo sulla base di osservazioni al SEM non è al evolved independently, hence may represent an momento possibile. Nessuna delle specie precedentemente ancient recurrent adaptive feature of cyprinoids. descritta appare simile a questa nuova specie. I neuromasti Just how ancient is unclear. Some African and di B. sensitivus n. sp. sono esposti o liberi. La loro funzione Neotropical dischodontid characoids may have sensoriale è probabilmente di tipo meccanocettiva. Esten- sivamente distribuiti in ampie linee di fossette sul capo e il similar organelles. These also have not been ade- corpo dell’adulto di B. sensitivus n. sp., sono simili ai neu- quately studied. romasti della linea laterale in larve in avanzato stadio di Experimental observations indicate that exposed sviluppo di Cyprinus carpio, Gnathopogon elongatus caeru - neuromasts facilitate feeding on zooplankton in lescens e Danio rerio. Essi sono più concentrati sulla por - crepuscular (poorly lit) conditions by larvae of the zione ventrolaterale del capo, che ne ospita circa 3000, cyprinid Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens (Mukai molti con 20-100 kinocilia fino a 7 micron di lunghezza e et al. 1994; Mukai 2006). Larvae of a variety of dis- 0.4 micron di diametro. Le linee di fossette con neuro- tantly related cyprinids including Cyprinus carpio masti più piccoli e meno kinocilia si trovano in file sulle scaglie del corpo e sulla superficie dorsale della testa ma have exposed pitline organs distributed on the head sono assenti sulle pinne. La loro presenza in adulti di B. and body like those in B. sensitivus. I suggest that sensitivus nuova specie potrebbe rappresentare un tratto the presence of exposed pitline organs in various neotenico. Nelle larve di Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens lineages of Old World barbines, Asian as well as esse facilitano la rilevazione di minuscole prede planc- African, may result from
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