Jost Hendrik Cornelius Burfeind Wilhelmplatz 6 24116 Kiel E-Mail:
[email protected] Telefon: 01520–2667189 Matrikelnummer: 1014350 “THAT BLACK SPECK SOUND JUST LIKE A REDNECK”: BLACK COUNTRY MUSIC(S) AND THE (RE-)MAKING OF RACE AND GENRE MASTERARBEIT im Fach „English and American Literatures, Cultures, and Media” mit dem Abschlussziel Master of Arts der Philosophischen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Hendrik Burfeind Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Christian Huck Zweitgutachter: Dr. Dennis Büscher-Ulbrich Kiel im April 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. Theoretical Framework 2.1 Race, Racialization, and Ideology 8 2.2 Genre and Crossover 10 2.3 Articulation and Genre 15 2.4 On Hijacks, Covers, and Versions 16 3. “Just Out of Reach”: Locating the Soul/Country Binary 3.1 The South and the Geography of Genre(s) 19 3.2 Richard Nixon, “Okie from Muskogee,” and the Politics of Country Music 22 3.3 The ‘Segregation of Sound’ and the ‘Common Stock’ 25 3.4 Charting Success; Or, the Segregation of Sound, Continued 28 4. Analysis, Pt. 1: Rhythm and Country 4.1 “I’ve Always Been Country”: The Making of an Alternative Tradition 31 4.2 Country Music and the Birth of Soul 35 4.3 The Impossibility of Black Country 37 4.4 Modern Sounds and the Same Old Song 39 4.5 Interlude: Race and Genre in the Early 1960s 44 4.6 Country-Soul Flourishes 46 5. Analysis, Pt. 2: Country-Soul 5.1 “Country Music Now Interracial” 48 5.2 Crossover at the Outskirts of Town 50 5.3 Introducing Soul Country 53 5.4 “The Chokin’ Kind” Explores New Territory 57 5.5 “Blacks Sing Country Music” 60 5.6 “Wherever You Go, It’s Simon Country” 64 6.