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Fluid-Applied Waterproofing Systems: a Case Study of Kiley Gardens

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Fluid-Applied Waterproofing Systems: a Case Study of Kiley Gardens FLUID-APPLIED WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF KILEY GARDENS By SARAH VASCONI A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 © 2009 Sarah Vasconi 2 To my parents, especially my mother for all the love and support she has given me over the years. I know that she is proud of me, and in whatever I choose to do in life I know I will have success because I have her behind me. To Thomas, because my accomplishments never quite seem so amazing till he tells me so. I don‘t know what I would do without him. And finally to my dog Molly, for she will always look adoringly up at me and was there every day, sitting at my feet, while I wrote this. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my supervisory chairs and lab technicians for all their help in this tedious thesis process. In addition, my work would not have been able to be completed without the help of the manufactures‘ representatives who supplied me with samples of waterproofing products. I know that in the course of their work, they did not need to help me out so selflessly, and it shows me that in this business it is better to make friends, because you never know what type of favor you might need to ask. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................12 2 OVERVIEW OF WATERPROOFING ..................................................................................14 Generic Sealants .....................................................................................................................14 Generic Type and Cost ....................................................................................................15 Movement Capability ......................................................................................................15 Curing Mechanisms .........................................................................................................15 Recovery Properties .........................................................................................................17 Waterproofing Membrane Systems ........................................................................................17 Positive vs. Negative Side ......................................................................................................21 Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluid-Applied Waterproofing Systems ...........................23 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................25 4 KILEY GARDENS: BACKGROUND ..................................................................................27 Historic Site Analysis .............................................................................................................27 Current Site Analysis ..............................................................................................................29 Final Site Analysis ..................................................................................................................36 5 KILEY GARDENS: WATERPROOFING ISSUES ..............................................................38 Issue1: Waterproofing Membrane ..........................................................................................38 Issue 2: Drains and Plumbing .................................................................................................41 Issue 3: Overall Design ...........................................................................................................44 Issue 4: Lack of Responsibility ...............................................................................................49 6 WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE COMPONENTS ..........................................................50 Synthetic Rubber ....................................................................................................................53 Asphalt ....................................................................................................................................54 Carbon Black ..........................................................................................................................55 Styrene ....................................................................................................................................55 5 Volatility .................................................................................................................................55 Acute Inhalation Toxicity .......................................................................................................56 7 TESTING PROCEDURE AND ANALYSIS ........................................................................58 Volatile Content ......................................................................................................................59 Volatile Organic Compound Content .....................................................................................63 Volatile Organic Compound Emissions .................................................................................65 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................................68 9 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................70 APPENDIX A MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS) .................................................................71 LIST OF REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................95 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .........................................................................................................98 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Typical Application Areas for Generic Sealants (Panek and Cook 1991, 19) ...................16 2-2 Comparison of Waterproofing Membranes (Compiled from Monroe 1990, p. 8-9) .........19 2-3 Physical Properties of Coal Tar Elastomeric Waterproof Membrane (Source: Maslow 1974, p. 47) ........................................................................................................................20 2-4 Properties of Fluid-Applied Systems (Source: Kubal 1993, p. 23) ...................................23 6-1 Manufacturer's Comparison of Liquid-Applied Waterproofing Systems (Source: Compiled from Buildsite) ..................................................................................................51 6-1 Continued ...........................................................................................................................52 6-2 Different Types of Synthetic Rubber (Source: Wikipedia) ...............................................54 6-3 Toxicity Classes: Hodge and Sterner Scale (Source: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety 2005) ..............................................................................57 7-1 Product Composition of Samples used for Testing............................................................58 7-2 Determination of Volatile Content of Coatings .................................................................60 7-3 Determination of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content ........................................64 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 4-1 Satellite image of 400 N Ashley Street (Source: Google 2009) ........................................27 4-2 Photo circa 1996 (Source: The Cultural Landscape Foundation 1996) .............................28 4-3 Missing historic features of Kiley Gardens (Pressley Associates 2007) ...........................30 4-4 Highlighted non-historic additions to the site (Pressley Associates 2007) ........................31 4-5 Kiley Gardens as of year 2007 (Pressley Associates 2007) ...............................................32 4-6 View from on top of the amphitheatre ...............................................................................33 4-7 Extent of neglect after crape myrtles were removed .........................................................33 4-8 Amphitheatre......................................................................................................................34 4-9 Portion of the plaza not owned by the City of Tampa and maintained as a part of the towers grounds. Rest of neglected Kiley Gardens shown in the distance .........................34 4-10 Kiley Gardens once the latest renovations are completed .................................................35 5-1 Modified Bituminous Membrane Sheet Bituthene® from Kiley Gardens (10-10- 2009) ..................................................................................................................................40 5-2 Bituthene® from Kiley Gardens with clear root penetration and deterioration ................40 5-3 Removal of a metal ceiling panel at the amphitheatre .......................................................41
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