Annual Status Report 2018 Bureau Veritas June 2018

North Kesteven District Council Annual Status Report 2018 Bureau Veritas June 2018

Document Control Sheet

Issue/Revision Issue 1 Issue 2 Remarks DRAFT FINAL Date June 2018 June 2018 Submitted to Ayeisha Kirkham Ayeisha Kirkham Jo Davies Jo Davies Prepared by Consultant Consultant

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Hannah Smith Hannah Smith Approved by Senior Consultant Senior Consultant

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Project number 6477668 6477668

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North Kesteven District Council

2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

June 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 North Kesteven District Council

Local Authority Ayeisha Kirkham Officer Department Environmental Health 1 Kesteven Street Sleaford Address Lincolnshire NG34 7EF Telephone 07712 583517

E-mail [email protected] Report Reference 2018 Annual Status Report number Date June 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 North Kesteven District Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air pollution is an issue that can affect everyone with varying levels of severity. The air that we breathe is essential for health and wellbeing and it shouldn’t have to be a cause of detrimental health effects. Where we live, where we work, our travel choices and journeys made can affect the concentrations of certain air pollutants that we are exposed to.

Local authorities have an obligation through the LAQM regime to review and assess the air quality within their regions. Specific measures are implemented by way of an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) for areas where poor air quality has been determined, but action by community engagement through education and promotion also helps improve air quality at a local level. Good air quality begins at a local level, with actions being replicated on regional and national scales benefitting wider scale air quality and helping to meet the Air Quality Strategy (AQS) objectives that are set out in EU and UK law.

Air Quality in North Kesteven District

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

The District of North Kesteven is predominantly rural in character and has the town of Sleaford as its administrative centre. The District extends close to the city of Lincoln, incorporating the towns of North Hykeham and Waddington.

The main source of air pollution in the District is road traffic emissions from roads, notably the A15, A17 and the A46. In addition there are over forty potentially polluting

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 i North Kesteven District Council industries in the District that are permitted under the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 19994.

In 2017 there were no recorded exceedances of the AQS objectives at any of the monitored sites and there are currently no Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA) designated within the District. Location Holdingham-1, which is a triplicate site, reported exceedances from 2012 to 2016, however once fall off with distance correction was applied the annual mean NO2 concentration dropped below the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m3. As a consequence it was decided to relocate the Holdingham 1 site to a more representative location. In March 2017 the Holdingham- 1 diffusion tubes were removed and relocated to three separate locations (Holdingham 1, Holdingham 2 and Holdingham 3). The 2018 ASR details data from the new Holdingham-1 and Holdingham-2 monitoring locations, however, only provisional data was available for Holdingham-3 and therefore the data could not be included in this report. The additional tube is expected to be included within the 2018 ASR monitoring programme.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

A monitoring network of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) diffusion tubes is in place within the District and this currently does not show any exceedances of the relevant AQS objective for NO2 at any relevant location. This monitoring network is set to continue acting as a system to monitor changes in concentration of NO2 and to identify any changes in trends.

Historically, air quality within North Kesteven has consistently complied with the UK AQS objectives. With continued levels of development being experienced across the country, an emphasis on air quality is important to ensure areas of poor air quality are identified and acted upon. Across the District air quality continues to be assessed through the monitoring network whereby any areas of poor air quality would be identified.

Local Priorities and Challenges

There are currently no AQMAs designated within North Kesteven, and it is a priority for this to remain. Although monitoring has shown NO2 concentrations to be below

4 Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999, 1999

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ii North Kesteven District Council the AQS objectives within the District there are still a number of challenges in relation to air quality that are to be addressed over the coming year.

Significant housing developments within the District will lead to an increase in population and therefore in vehicle usage. Between 2015 and 2017; over 100 new council dwellings had been constructed5. Following the previous ASR, there were a number of poultry farms being considered for planning permission, as well as an upgrade of a junction along the A15 and A17. These were rejected by the council on the basis of adverse visual and landscape impacts to the area in both August 2014 and again, in May 2015, following an appeal6 .Since the rejections in 2014 and 2015, there have been further applications for the erection of a number of free range poultry units (1 application in 2017 and 2 applications in 2018). The status of these applications is not yet confirmed and will be considered in next year’s ASR.

How to Get Involved

North Kesteven District Council provides information on sustainability through the SustainNK initiative; this provides information on energy usage and sources, reducing vehicle emissions, and on many other sustainability areas. Information is provided through the North Kesteven website and also through a quarterly newsletter that provides details on current activities, schemes and initiatives available and ideas from members of the public. Although SustainNK is not directly promoted as an initiative to reduce concentrations of air pollutants, emissions would be lowered through the behavioural shifts associated with the different schemes. Details can be found through the following link: https://www.n-kesteven.gov.uk/residents/waste- recycling-and-environment/sustainability/.

5 n-kesteven.gov.uk, 2018 6 n-kesteven.gov.uk

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iii North Kesteven District Council

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in North Kesteven District ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Local Priorities and Challenges ...... ii How to Get Involved...... iii 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in North Kesteven ...... 3

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and / or Concentrations ...... 5 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 6 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 6 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 6 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 6 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 7

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) ...... 7 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 9 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016 ...... 14 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 16 Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations ...... 20 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 26 Glossary of Terms ...... 27 References ...... 28

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iv North Kesteven District Council

Tables

Table A1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 9 Table A2 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 11

Table B1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017 ...... 14

Table E 1 - Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 26

Figures Figure A 1 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites ...... 13

Figure C 1 - Site C, North Hykeham Annualisation ...... 18

Figure D 1, D1.1 & D1.2 - Maps of Diffusion Tube Locations: North of the District .... 20 Figure D 2, D2.1 & D2.2 - Maps of Diffusion Tube Locations: North Sleaford ...... 22

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 v North Kesteven District Council

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in the North Kesteven District Council area during 2017. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the Air Quality Strategy (AQS) objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by North Kesteven District Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory AQS objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E 1 in Appendix E.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 1 North Kesteven District Council

2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance, or likely exceedance of an AQS objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

Currently North Kesteven District Council does not have any AQMAs.

Based upon the NO2 monitoring data in 2017, and in previous years being consistently below the relevant AQS objectives (see monitoring section, Appendix A), it is not proposed to declare any new AQMAs in the District.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 2 North Kesteven District Council

2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in North Kesteven

North Kesteven District Council has continued to take forward a number of measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. The two current Smoke Control Areas have remained in force within North Hykeham7 and further measures can be found in the Low Carbon NK Plan 2013 – 20208 and through the SustainNK initiative9.

Although under the titles of Low Carbon and Sustainability that have been developed to reduce CO2 emissions, there are many crossovers between these initiatives and local air quality within North Kesteven District. Key completed measures are:

 Smoke Control Areas:

o Regulation of an area where smoke cannot be emitted from a chimney unless an authorised fuel is being burnt or an exempt appliance is being used.

 Transport:

o Promotion of travel plans using public transport where possible or walking and cycling rather than using a private vehicle;

o Awareness raising events for initiatives such as Bike to Work week;

o New developments to become more integrated with public transport networks;

o The installation of electric car charging points; and

o Driving more efficiently and taking part in the ‘drive 5 miles less a week’ campaign.

There are no designated AQMAs within the District and therefore an AQAP has not been produced. The general air quality in the District is considered to be good, and as such, North Kesteven has so far not been required to implement any direct or

7 North Hykeham Smoke Control Areas, available online at https://www.n-kesteven.gov.uk/residents/living-in- your-area/environmental-protection/air-quality/ 8 Low Carbon NK Plan 2013 – 2020, available online at https://www.n-kesteven.gov.uk/business/support-for- business/sustainable-business/low-carbon-nk-charter-and-plan/ 9 North Kesteven SustainNK, available online at https://www.n-kesteven.gov.uk/residents/waste-recycling-and- environment/sustainability/

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 3 North Kesteven District Council

specific measures related to the control and mitigation of sources of local air pollution.

The priorities for North Kesteven for the coming year are to continue with the current

NO2 diffusion tube monitoring network to identify any potential exceedances of the AQS objectives, to continue to promote the transport measures outlined above from the Low Carbon North Kesteven Plan and SustainNK, and to continually review the Smoke Control Areas.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 4 North Kesteven District Council

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and / or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

There is currently no ongoing monitoring of PM10 or PM2.5 within the District, and no specific measures in place to address PM2.5 concentrations since there has been no concerns about air quality across the District so far. According to the Defra background maps, the highest concentration of PM2.5 for 2017 is located within the 1km grid square x492500, y368500; which is an area encompassing the A46, close to the Doddington Roundabout.

The Public Health Outcomes Framework data tool5 compiled by Public Heath England quantifies the mortality burden of PM2.5 within England on a county and local authority scale. The 2017 fraction of mortality attributable to PM2.5 pollution across England is 5.3%, with North Kesteven region also reporting 5.3%. Traffic emissions are the main cause of particulate emissions within the District, and as such, the implementation of the transport measures given in Section 2.2 will contribute to the reduction of PM2.5 concentrations experienced across the District.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 5 North Kesteven District Council

3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

North Kesteven District Council did not carry out any automatic monitoring for any pollutants in 2017.

3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

North Kesteven District Council undertook non-automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 16 sites during 2017. Appendix A provides details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C.

A number of diffusion tubes were either introduced or relocated during 2017. The following diffusion tubes were introduced as of March 2017 and therefore do not have data available for January or February 2017;

 Canwick;

 Grantham Road;

 Ruskington;

 BH (Triplicate Site);

 Wassington;

 Westbanks.

The two triplicate sites located along the A46 (A46 1 & A46 2) were removed from the monitoring group at the end of February 2017. These sites therefore ceased to output data following February and are not included within the annual mean calculations. Similarly, Holdingham 1 was downgraded from a triplicate location into a single tube location and moved to a site approximately 280m East, Walnut Cottage in Holdingham. This relocation was due to large construction works taking place at the

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 6 North Kesteven District Council

previous site, therefore there was no longer an area available to house the diffusion tubes.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for “annualisation” and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past six years with the AQS objective of 40µg/m3.

For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.

For the 2017 data there was one site (Holdingham 1) located at the A17-A15 roundabout where the annual mean AQS objective has regularly exceeded prior to distance correction. This site was relocated to Walnut Cottage, Holdingham in March 2017 and downgraded to a single diffusion tube site.. It was deemed that this location was more representative of exposure, as the previous site was 27m from the closest residential property. To compenssate for the loss of the two tubes from the triplicate site at Holdingham 1, an additional tube was installed at Holdingham 2. Data from the Holdingham 2 additional tube was uploaded to the Defra website within the data centre, however was not ratified. The provisional data therefore was not included within the annual mean data for Holdingham 2 site in 2017. The additional tube is expected be included within the next year’s ASR monitoring results.

As the data from all the diffusion tubes installed in 2017 is well below the annual mean AQS Objective of 40µg/m3, the distance correction tool is not required according to the LAQMTG.16 guidance.

3 There are no sites where the NO2 annual mean is greater than 60µg/m , therefore in accordance with Defra Technical Guidance TG16 there are no sites likely to be at risk of exceeding the 1-hour mean AQS objective.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 7 North Kesteven District Council

The results of NO2 diffusion tube data (2013 – 2017) are presented in Table A2 in

Appendix A and a chart displaying the trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations over the past five years is presented in Table A2.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 8 North Kesteven District Council

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Distance Distance Tube X OS Y OS In to to kerb of collocated Pollutants Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA Relevant nearest with a Monitored (m) Ref Ref ? Exposure road (m) Continuous (m) (1) (2) Analyser? Newark Road / A Station Road, North Roadside 493845 366567 NO2 No 7.5 4 N 2.5 Hykeham Asda/ Newark B Road, North Kerbside 495050 367421 NO2 No 14.9 0.6 N 2.1 Hykeham 9 Dore Avenue, Urban C 494829 366698 NO No 7.8 2.7 N 2.2 North Hykeham Background 2 St Hughs Drive, Urban D 494159 367115 NO No 6.3 22.6 N 2.3 North Hykeham Background 2

(3) A46 –1 (towards A46-1 Roadside 489325 363195 NO No 31.5 7.4 N 1.9 Newark) 2

(3) A46- 2 (towards A46-2 Roadside 488328 362525 NO No 34.2 2.6 N 1.8 Lincoln) 2

Sleaford Southgate, Sleaford Roadside 506835 345684 NO2 No 1.4 1.4 N 2.3 A17 - A15 Holdingham Urban 505688/ 347285/ (4) Roundabout/Walnut NO No 26.5/2.3 3.2/1.48 N 1.9 1 Background 505704 347269 2 Cottage garden Holdingham A15 (south) Urban 505985 347343 NO No 1.8 6.1 N 1.8 2 Junction Background 2 Pedestrian Area of Urban Sleaford-1 506753 345719 NO No 0 48.2 N 2.0 Town Background 2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 9 North Kesteven District Council

Distance Distance Tube X OS Y OS In to to kerb of collocated Pollutants Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Grid Grid AQMA Relevant nearest with a Monitored (m) Ref Ref ? Exposure road (m) Continuous (m) (1) (2) Analyser? St Nicholas Day Urban St Nicholas 492512 367996 NO No 27 17.6 N 2.7 Nursery Background 2 251/253 Lincoln Branston Rural 499012 369017 NO No N/A 2.9 N 2.6 Road 2

Canwick Heighington Road Roadside 498561 369494 NO2 NO 39 0 NO 2.5

Grantham 12-14 Grantham NO2 Roadside 506601 345300 NO 0 1 NO 2.2 Road Road, Sleaford

Ruskington Winchelsea Road Roadside 508316 350447 NO2 NO 0 1 NO 2.5

(3) Bracebridge Heath, NO2 BH Roadside 498000 367544 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Sleaford Road

A607 Grantham NO2 Waddington Roadside 497718 363898 NO 7.5 1 NO 2.5 Road

Westbanks, NO2 Westbanks Roadside 506507 345744 NO 0 1 NO 2.5 Sleaford Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. (3) Location is a triplicate site. (4) Location was changed in March 2018 to Walnut Cottage. Jan-Feb data was a triplicate site/Mar-Dec was a single site.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 10 North Kesteven District Council

Table A2 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration Valid Data 2 Monitoring Capture for (µg/m3) (3) Site ID Site Type Capture Type Monitoring 2017 (%) (2) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Period (%) (1) A Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 36.1 38.1 33.8 36.6 33.4

B Kerbside Diffusion Tube 92 92 27.9 27.9 27.5 25.9 21.7

C Urban Background Diffusion Tube 50 50 15.5 15.1 14.9 14.1 14.7

D Urban Background Diffusion Tube 75 75 14.2 14 14 16.6 11.9

A46-1(4) Roadside Diffusion Tube 50 8 24.3 24.1 24.3 25.6 -

A46-2(4) Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 17 32 32.9 29.9 32.3 -

Sleaford Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 83 26 26.3 25.3 25.6 24.0

Holdingham 1* Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 83 42 43.7 44.1 47 15.9

Holdingham 2 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 15.9 17 14.5 16.6 16.8

Sleaford-1 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 14.4 15.3 13.6 14 13.4

St Nicholas Urban Background Diffusion Tube 92 92 17.7 19 19.4 18.8 18.6

Branston Rural Diffusion Tube 100 100 16.9 17.4 16.5 17.9 15.1

Canwick Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 83 - - - - 34.4 Grantham Roadside Diffusion Tube 90 75 - - - - 13.4 Road Ruskington Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 83 - - - - 10.6

BH (4) Roadside Diffusion Tube 93 78 - - - - 26.8

Waddington Roadside Diffusion Tube 90 75 - - - - 10.6

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 11 North Kesteven District Council

Valid Data NO Annual Mean Concentration Valid Data 2 Monitoring Capture for (µg/m3) (3) Site ID Site Type Capture Type Monitoring 2017 (%) (2) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Period (%) (1) Westbanks Roadside Diffusion Tube 83 100 - - - - 14.3

3 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Results are triplicate averages. *Site was relocated in 2017

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 12 North Kesteven District Council

Figure A 1 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites

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Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017

Table B1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Annual Mean Site ID Annualised Distance Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec and Bias Corrected to Raw Data Adjusted Nearest (0.97) (1) Exposure (2) A 48.7 40.7 39.6 24.8 31.2 29.2 31.8 35.5 41.7 21.1 34.4 33.4 - B 30.2 28.8 23.3 20.0 19.8 21.2 10.5 20.2 19.4 22.7 29.8 22.4 21.7 - C 18.3 9.2 16.3 12.0 15.6 12.2 13.9 14.7 - D 24.1 17.7 10.6 9.3 3.3 11.1 9.0 14.5 10.5 12.2 11.9 - A46 1A 26.1 ------A46 1B 26.9 ------

A46 1C 27.5 ------A46 2A 44.8 38.3 ------A46 2B 44.1 38.6 ------

A46 2C 48.6 37.9 ------Sleaford 39.8 29.3 25.5 24.7 21.0 19.3 23.9 22.1 27.8 13.7 24.7 24.0 - Holdingham 45.8 50.0 20.6 16.2 20.2 11.3 15.0 14.2 17.3 14.9 23.9 10.9 16.4 15.9 - 1A/1 Holdingham 50.3 47.6 ------1B Holdingham 46.9 47.3 ------1c Holdingham 22.3 19.2 18.8 18.5 14.8 12.5 15.4 14.6 16.3 25.8 12.0 17.3 16.8 - 2

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3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m )

Annual Mean Site ID Annualised Distance Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec and Bias Corrected to Raw Data Adjusted Nearest (0.97) (1) Exposure (2) Sleaford 1 26.0 18.0 19.7 10.9 9.7 8.3 11.7 8.7 10.4 12.0 19.5 10.2 13.8 13.4 - St Nicholas 31.5 23.6 15.6 15.6 14.1 23.7 16.1 15.6 19.0 23.5 12.1 19.1 18.6 - Branston 26.8 18.6 12.6 14.9 14.3 10.5 11.6 11.9 13.4 14.8 25.9 12.0 15.6 15.1 - Canwick - - 42.8 31.8 34.6 32.8 31.6 33.3 37.1 38.8 47.9 23.7 35.4 34.4 Grantham - - 11.8 13.3 12.9 12.8 10.6 11.9 15.0 24.4 11.9 13.8 13.4 Road Ruskington - - 14.1 8.4 10.6 8.1 9.3 8.3 10.8 12.8 17.8 9.5 11.0 10.6 BH1 - - 30.0 28.0 28.8 25.6 29.1 28.0 25.6 26.2 35.2 16.2 27.3 26.8 BH2 - - 26.0 27.5 31.7 29.4 27.1 27.4 28.3 34.5 16.3 27.6 BH3 - - 32.1 31.8 25.6 27.6 25.9 30.4 25.9 36.1 17.2 28.1 Waddington - - 12.4 11.9 10.3 8.8 9.7 9.8 11.8 14.3 9.0 10.9 10.6 Westbanks - - 16.9 14.2 11.4 11.0 12.3 13.2 13.5 17.7 25.3 12.4 14.8 14.3 (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation (2) A number of monthly results have been removed from the diffusion tube data set for the following reasons: Tube Missing, Spiders/insects/nests found within the tube, Water droplets, Tube data disregarded as location removed/amended

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 15 North Kesteven District Council

Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC

Sources of Pollution

No new permitted process applications have been received since 2015. Waste oil burners became IED regulated process since April 2017 and all are now burning fuel oil with waste oil being collected.

The existing housing developments planned for the district are steadily being completed with the economic climate controlling the rate of development and delaying the start of sites which have received planning approval.

The development application for Sleaford West site, submitted in 2016, is currently awaiting decision and proposed to include up to 1,400 houses, a care home, a primary school and secondary education facility, employment land, a local centre (comprising shops, health centre, community centre, hotel, pub/restaurant), public open spaces and sports pitches and a new roundabout on the A15. The application site is located east of the A15 and expected to be reviewed in next year’s ASR.

The housing development adjacent to the A17 at Sleaford was revised in December 2017 to reduce the number of residential developments slightly (by 6 units). This development is ongoing and includes the improvement works to the Holdingham roundabout.

As discussed in last year’s ASR, the erection of four permanent free range poultry units and removal of 18 movable units was proposed in 2017. Following a number of consultations, a further site amendment was submitted in January 2018. The current status is not known according to the NKDC planning portal and is anticipated to be reviewed in next year’s ASR.

No further new or existing sources of air pollution with significant changes, as described in Chapter 7, Section 1 of the Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16), have been identified within the District.

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Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

The diffusion tube data has been corrected using a bias adjustment factor, which is an estimate of the difference between diffusion tube concentration and continuous monitoring, the latter assumed to be a more accurate method of monitoring. The Defra Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) provides guidance with regard to the application of a bias adjustment factor to correct diffusion tube monitoring. Triplicate co-location studies can be used to determine a local bias factor based on the comparison of diffusion tube results with data taken from NOx/NO2 continuous analysers. Alternatively, the national database of diffusion tube co-location surveys provides bias factors for the relevant laboratory and preparation method.

With regard to the application of a bias adjustment factor for diffusion tubes, the Defra Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) and the LAQM Helpdesk10 recommend the use of a local bias adjustment factor where available and relevant to diffusion tube sites.

North Kesteven District Council does not operate any continuous monitors within the District and therefore a co-location study is not available to derive a local bias factor, thus the national bias adjustment factor spreadsheet11 has been used.

Diffusion tube data for North Kesteven District Council is supplied and analysed by Gradko International Ltd. The tubes were prepared using the 50% TEA in acetone preparation method. The national bias adjustment factor for Gradko 50% TEA in acetone is 0.97 for the year 2017 (based on 22 studies, version 03/18) as derived from the national bias adjustment factor spreadsheet.

Gradko International Ltd is a UKAS accredited laboratory and participates in laboratory performance and proficiency testing schemes. These provide strict performance criteria for participating laboratories to meet, thereby ensuring NO2 concentrations reported are of a high calibre. The laboratory follows the procedures set out in the Harmonisation Practical Guidance and participates in the AIR proficiency-testing (AIR-PT) scheme. Previously to the Air-PT scheme, Gradko participated in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for NO2 diffusion tube analysis.

10 Laqm.defra.gov.uk 11 National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet, version 03/18 published in March 2018

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 17 North Kesteven District Council

Defra and the Devolved Administrations advise that diffusion tubes used for LAQM should be obtained from laboratories that have demonstrated satisfactory performance in the AIR-PT scheme. Laboratory performance in the AIR-PT is also assessed by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), alongside laboratory data from the monthly NPL Field Inter-Comparison Exercise carried out at for Gradko at Marylebone Road, central London. A laboratory is assessed and given a ‘z’ score, a score of ± 2 or less indicates satisfactory laboratory performance.

In the 2017 AIR-PT results, AIR-PT AR018 (January to February 2017), AIR-PT AR019 (April to May 2017), AR021 (July to August 2017) and AR022 (September to October 2017), Gradko scored 100% for all periods. The percentage score reflects the results deemed to be satisfactory based upon the z-score of < ±2.In 2017, the tube precision for NO2 Annual Field Inter-Comparison for Gradko International using the 50% TEA in acetone method was ‘good’ for the results of 20 participating local authorities.

Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment Annualisation is completed in line with Defra Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16) Box 7.10 where the data capture is below 75%. For the 2017 diffusion tubes, annualisation was required at one of the sites due to relevant data capture being below 75% (Site ID C, North Hykeham).

Figure C 1 – Site C, North Hykeham Annualisation

QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring All results have been bias adjusted and annualised where required before being presented in Table B1.

No exceedances of the annual mean AQS objective for NO2 were recorded at an active diffusion tube monitoring site within the North Kesteven District. There were

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 18 North Kesteven District Council

exceedances reported in January and February at Holdingham 1 in its original location on the A17-A15 roundabout, however the distance correction would have reduced this monitored data significantly as found for previous years. It is reiterated however, the predicted concentration at the relevant exposure site should be treated with caution. As NO2 concentrations fall rapidly with distance it is unlikely that concentrations at the sensitive receptor will be elevated. The relocated site for the primary Holdingham-1 diffusion tube has reported a concentration well below the annual mean NO2 AQS Objective.

All diffusion tubes measuring NO2 concentrations in the North Kesteven District were well below the annual mean NO2 AQS objective.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 19 North Kesteven District Council

Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations

Figures D 1, D1.1, D1.2 - Maps of Diffusion Tube Locations: North of the District

Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescott Street London, E1 8HG

Location

North Kesteven District Council

Title

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites: North of the District

By Approved JD HS Scale Job Ref Not To Scale 6477668 Date Figure No.

June 2018 D1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 20 North Kesteven District Council

Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescott Street London, E1 8HG

Location

North Kesteven District Council

Title

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites: North of the District

By Approved JD HS Scale Job Ref

Not To Scale 6477668 Date Figure No. June 2018 D1.1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 21 North Kesteven District Council

Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescott Street London, E1 8HG

Location

North Kesteven District Council

Title

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites: North of the District

By Approved JD HS Scale Job Ref Not To Scale 6477668 Date Figure No.

June 2018 D1.2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 22 North Kesteven District Council

Figure D 2 & D2.1 - Maps of Diffusion Tube Locations: North Sleaford

Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescott Street London, E1 8HG

Location

North Kesteven District Council

Title

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites: North Sleaford

By Approved JD HS Scale Job Ref Not To Scale 6477668 Date Figure No. June 2018 D2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 23 North Kesteven District Council

Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescott Street London, E1 8HG

Location

North Kesteven District Council

Title

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites: North Sleaford

By Approved JD HS Scale Job Ref Not To Scale 6477668 Date Figure No. June 2018 D2.1

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 24 North Kesteven District Council

Air Quality Bureau Veritas 5th Floor 66 Prescott Street London, E1 8HG

Location

North Kesteven District Council

Title

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites: North Sleaford

By Approved JD HS Scale Job Ref Not To Scale 6477668 Date Figure No. June 2018 D2.2

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 25 North Kesteven District Council

Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E 1 - Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective12 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year

12 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air Quality Annual Status Report

AQS Air Quality Strategy

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

EU European Union

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 27 North Kesteven District Council

References  Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16). May 2016. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland.

 Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16). May 2016. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland.

 North Kesteven District Council 2016 Updating and Screening Assessment.

 North Kesteven District Council 2017 Annual Progress Report.

 National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet, version 03/18 published in March 2018

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