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Proceedings of the 5 International Cryptology and Information Security Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 31st May – 2nd June 2016 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia Published by Institute for Mathematical Research (INSPEM) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan c Institute for Mathematical Research (INSPEM), 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in a review written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper. First Print 2016 Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing – in – Publication Data Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security (5th.: 2016: Kota Kinabalu) CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS CRYPTOLOGY 2016: Proceedings of The 5th Interna- tional Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 31st May – 2nd June 2016, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA / Editors: Amir Hamzah Abd Ghafar, Goi Bok Min, Hailiza Kamarulhaili, Heng Swee Huay, Moesfa Soeheila Mohamad, Mohamad Rushdan Md. Said, Muhammad Rezal Kamel Ariffin. ISBN 9789834406950 1. Cryptography- - Malaysia - - Congresses. 2. Computer security - - Malaysia- - Congresses. I. Amir Hamzah Abd Ghafar II. Goi Bok Min. III. Hailiza Kamarulhaili. IV. Heng Swee Huay. V. Moesfa Soeheila Mohamad. VI. Mohamad Rushdan Md. Said. VII. Muhammad Rezal Kamel Ariffin. Title.005.8072 Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 (CRYPTOLOGY2016) OPENING REMARKS First and foremost, I would like to thank the Malaysian Society for Cryptology Research (MSCR) in collabo- ration with CyberSecurity Malaysia together with uni- versities: UMS, UPM, and USM, Sabah’s Ministry of Resource Development & Information Technology and Sabah’s State Computer Service Department for their continuous efforts and commitment to host this premier event, the International Cryptology and Information Se- curity Conference for the fifth time. This biannual conference series which started in 2008 has been organized and hosted at several locations in Malaysia, beginning from Kuala Lumpur to Melaka, and then on to Langkawi and Putrajaya. This year Kota Kinabalu has been chosen as the venue. Cryptology is an area of study and research which has numerous applications especially in the area of information and communication technology. The 5th International Cryptology and Infor- mation Security Conference 2016 (Cryptology2016) is one of the many steps towards enhancing and realizing research and applications of cryptology in Malaysia through research collaboration and discussion with research counterparts from the international arena. This is an open forum, provided for contributions which cover research on the theoretical foundations, applications and any related issues in cryptology, information security and other underlying technologies. Per- taining to these challenges MSCR was formed in 2007. Since then, collaborative efforts between Malaysian cryptography centres of excellence has been galvanised and are no longer working in silo. The ministry greatly appreciates these efforts, where research activities do not only gen- erate significant impact towards the improvement of the body of cryptographic knowledge but also related to society needs, especially in the area of information security. Once again MSCR, CyberSecurity Malaysia and the above mentioned local institutions of higher learning has put in a huge effort to bring together distinguished researchers from various coun- tries as speakers and participants to share knowledge and novel ideas. We congratulate MSCR and its partners for tirelessly organizing beneficial and meaningful events that contribute to fur- ther strengthen Research and Development (R&D) in Malaysia. I would also like to take this CRYPTOLOGY2016 iii Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 (CRYPTOLOGY2016) opportunity to give special thanks to the conference corporate supporters namely Augmented Technology Sdn Bhd in supporting this event. Augmented Technology Sdn Bhd is one of the few companies in Malaysia that engage directly with the academia to enhance its competitiveness. This company has direct application of cryptography in their business products and services. I urge researchers attending this event to take this opportunity to enquire on various industrial related issues regarding cryptography. It is hoped that Augmented Technology will continue to support this conference in the future. Our keynote and invited speakers are highly distinguished researchers and are from different parts of the world. They bring with them invaluable knowledge and experience. We hope that participants will take this opportunity to interact and benefit from this conference. We would like to express our sincere appreciation and gratitude to the speakers for accepting our invitation despite their busy schedule and contributing to this meaningful event. I also note that, the participation of researchers from various cryptographic disciplines is impres- sive and this signifies the interdisciplinary nature of the topic of the conference. It is hoped that the network among researchers and institutions will grow and new research collaboration can be built. We hope that through these type of events and activities we can overcome the shortage of expertise in this area of research. I am confident that this Conference would serve as a platform to further discuss the research collaboration and afford brilliant ideas in the cryptology and information security. To all our participants, I wish you a fruitful and productive Conference. To our international participants, I wish you would take some time to travel in this country, especially in Kota Kinabalu to expe- rience and enjoy the rich Malaysian environment and warm hospitality. Thank you. DATUK SERI PANGLIMA MADIUS TANGAU Minister of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), MALAYSIA iv CRYPTOLOGY2016 Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 (CRYPTOLOGY2016) WELCOMING NOTES I am most pleased to welcome speakers from various countries across the world to the 5th International Cryptology and Informa- tion Security Conference 2016 (Cryptology2016). It is our hope that participants will grab this advantage and gain valuable expe- rience either through formal dialogue or social interaction during this intellectual congregation in order to further understand cryp- tology and its applications. Cryptography is an area of study and research that has numerous applications especially in the area of communication technology. In this respect, the conference will provide an avenue for participants to engage current topics related to research in cryptology. It is also aimed at promot- ing and encouraging exchange of ideas and at the same time identifying areas of collaborative research between local and foreign researchers. Information security has never become as important in our daily lives as we are experiencing today. We are now on the brink of experiencing cryptography and its deployment in every corner of our day to day experiences. Thus, research in this area has become so important that without continuous research in the area one would not be able to ascertain the degree of security being deployed. In this conference, we have organized 3 keynote speeches to be delivered by renowned re- searchers in their respective areas for the benefit of participants. Also, 24 papers are scheduled to be presented encompassing various areas of cryptology such as theoretical foundations, ap- plications, network security and other underlying technologies in this interesting mathematical field. I hope this conference will be bringing Malaysia one more step closer towards realizing research in theory and applications of cryptology. It goes without saying that a conference of this kind could not have been held without the com- mitted efforts of various individuals. I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate and thank everyone involved for their excellent work and in particular to Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and CyberSecurity Malaysia for taking up the challenge of organizing this conference. I would also like to thank our CRYPTOLOGY2016 v Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 (CRYPTOLOGY2016) corporate partner Augmented Technology, who has helped to realize this event. I wish all par- ticipants to have an enjoyable and beneficial event. With that, I once again thank all presenters and participants in making this conference possible and a successful event. Thank you. DATO DR HJ KAMEL ARIFFIN BIN HJ MOHD ATAN President, Malaysian Society for Cryptology Research vi CRYPTOLOGY2016 Proceedings of the 5th International Cryptology and Information Security Conference 2016 (CRYPTOLOGY2016) EDITORIAL PREFACE Since the time of Julius Caesar and possibly up until the Greek era, cryptography (a word that is derived from the Greek term cryptos) has been an integral tool for organizations (and indeed for individuals too) to ensure information that is intended only for authorized recipients remain confidential only to this set of people. Cryptography had far reaching implications for organiza- tions in the event information leakage occurred. Often referred to as the last bastion of defence after all other mechanisms had been overcome by an adversary, encrypted information would still remain useless
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