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Rodrigo Marques Vieira.Pdf INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA SISTEMÁTICA DE ASILINAE LATREILLE, 1802 (DIPTERA, ASILIDAE) RODRIGO MARQUES VIEIRA Manaus, Amazonas Junho de 2013 RODRIGO MARQUES VIEIRA SISTEMÁTICA DE ASILINAE LATREILLE, 1802 (DIPTERA, ASILIDAE) Orientador: Dr. José Albertino Rafael (INPA) Coorientador: Dr. Torsten Dikow (USNM) Tese apresentada ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Entomologia. Manaus, Amazonas Junho de 2013 ii V658 Vieira, Rodrigo Marques Sistemática de Asilinae latreille, 1802 (Diptera, Asilidae) / Rodrigo Marques Vieira. --- Manaus : [s.n.], 2013. xxxii, 435 f. : il. color. Tese (doutorado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2013. Orientador : José Albertino Rafael Coorientador : Torsten Dikow Área de concentração : Entomologia 1. Asilinae Latreille. 2. Asilinae – Filogenia. 3. Asilinae – Taxonomia. 4. Ommatiinae. I. Título. CDD 19. ed. 595.770415 Sinopse: Foi feito um estudo filogenético morfológico de Asilinae e foram propostas hipóteses sobre as relações filogenéticas entre os gêneros da subfamília. Foram descritos dois novos gêneros e 14 espécies novas, além de uma revalidação de gênero, cinco combinações novas, cinco sinonímias e uma designação de lectótipo. Palavras-chave: 1. Asiloidea 2. Filogenia 3. Redescrição 4. Taxonomia 5. Apocleini. iii BANCA EXAMINADORA Dra. Rosaly Ale-Rocha Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA Dra. Lisiane Dilli Wendt Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA Dr. Ronildo Baiatone Alencar Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA Dr. Márcio Luiz Leitão Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia – INPA Dr. Paschoal Coelho Grossi Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso – UFMT iv AGRADECIMENTOS Ao INPA pela estrutura oferecida durante o desenvolvimento do projeto. Ao meu orientador Dr. José Albertino Rafael, pela confiança, conselhos, críticas construtivas, amizade e por todos os ensinamentos durante estes anos no INPA. Deixo aqui o meu “Muito obrigado!!!”. Ao meu co-orientador Dr. Torsten Dikow que desde ínicio me incentivou a encarar este trabalho. Também por me mandar espécimes de Asilinae de cada coleção que visitou e pelas diversas conversas sobre Asilidae e ensinamentos. Aos pesquisadores de Asilidae, Dr. Fritz Geller-Grimm, Dr. Jason Londt e Dr. Eric Fisher, pelas discussões sobre a escolha do grupo interno utilizado neste trabalho. Ao professor Dr. Augusto Henriques, por ter permitido o estudo do material do INPA, pelos conselhos científicos e pelo “rock and roll” em Manaus. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela concessão da bolsa de Doutorado. Aos curadores Dr. Carlos Lamas (MZUSP), Dr. James Boone (CFMNH), Dr. Freddy Bravo (MZFS); Jose Manuel Ayala-Landa, Msc. Fabio Godoi (CZPB), Dr. David Grimaldi (AMNH), Dr. David Britton (AMS), Dr. David Yeates (ANIC), Dr. Neal Evenhuis (BPMB), Dr. Norm Penny (CAS); Dr. James Liebherr e Dr. E. Hoebeke (CUIC), Dra. María Virginia Colomo (IFML), Dr. Andrew Short e Dra. Jennifer Thomas (SEMC), Dr. Christophe Daugeron (MNHN), Dr. Jason Londt (NMSA), e Dr. F. Christian Thompson e Dr. Torsten Dikow (USNM), pelo empréstimo do material examinado neste trabalho. Aos curadores Dra. Daniela Takyia (DZRJ), Dr. Francisco Limeira-de-Oliveira (CZMA), Dra. Márcia Couri e Dra. Cátia de Mello-Patiu (MNRJ), Dra. Marion Kotrba e Dieter Doczkal (ZSM), Dr. Joachim Ziegler (ZMHB), Dr. Manuel Zumbado (INBIO), Dr. Fritz Geller-Grimm (COGG), Dr. Márcio Felix e Msc. Danielle Cerri (IOC), Dr. Hans-Peter Tschorsnig (SMNS), Dr. Frank Menzel (SDEI) e Dr. Peter Senhal (NMW) por terem me recebido em suas respectivas coleções. v À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) pelo financiamento do Projeto PRONEX, Edital 016/2006, Proc. 1437/2007, o qual foi importante para a obtenção da câmera fotográfica acoplada ao estereomicroscópio, o que foi de extrema importância para a realização de fotografias utilizadas na tese. À Willi Hennig Society por permitir o acesso ao programa TNT. Ao DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst) pelo suporte durante minha estadia de dois meses na Alemanha. Ao Dr. Torsten Dikow, Chicago Field Museum of Natural History, Biodiversity Synthesis Center pelo financiamento de minha viagem para o Asiloidea Meeting em Chicago, 2012. Aos amigos do INPA e colegas de laboratório: Cínthia, Edgar, Tiago, Dr. José Wellington, Rafael, Bianca Ottoni, Luciano, Fabão, Juliana, Hugo, Jorge, André, Alex, Lisiane, Josenir, Antônio, Gil, Tamires, Valdeana, Alexandre Somavilla, Alexandre Ururahy, Mery Jouse, Willians, Priscila, Carol, Higor, pelo companheirismo, discussões sobre trabalho e pelos momentos de descontração. A Cínthia, Lisiane, Josenir, Rafael e Tiago, pelas diversas discussões sobre filogenia. Aos membros da banca examinadora ,pelas valiosas contribuições na correção da tese. Aos meus pais Fernando e Nanci, pelo amor e incentivo mesmo à distância. Meus irmãos Karla, Maria Aparecida, Diego e Edna, meus sobrinhos Victória e Diogo e a família de minha esposa Cínthia, pelos momentos de alegria nas minhas curtas visitas em Salvador. Agradecimento especial para Cínthia, por ser minha esposa, conselheira, colega de trabalho e por ser a grande incentivadora de meus projetos nestes quase 10 anos em que estamos juntos. REJEIÇÃO PARA FINS DE NOMENCLATURA ZOOLÓGICA Este trabalho, na forma em que se apresenta (tese de doutorado), não deve ser considerado como publicação válida para fins de nomenclatura zoológica. Este é o vi disclaim e dénégation mencionado no Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica (edição 1999), capítulo três, artigos 8.2 e 8.3. vii SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS ..................................................................................................... xi LISTA DE TABELAS .................................................................................................... xi ANEXOS ......................................................................................................................... xi RESUMO ......................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL .......................................................................................... 4 Classificação de Asilidae .............................................................................................. 6 CAPÍTULO 1 Filogenenia de Asilinae Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Asilidae) com base em caracteres morfológicos ................................................................................................... 8 RESUMO ......................................................................................................................... 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 10 1. INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................................... 11 2. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ........................................................................................ 19 Material examinado .................................................................................................... 19 Estudo dos espécimes ................................................................................................. 21 Método de preparação de material .............................................................................. 21 Terminologia ............................................................................................................... 22 Abreviaturas ................................................................................................................ 26 Ilustrações....................................................................................................................26 Análise filogenética .................................................................................................... 26 Escolhas dos táxons terminais .................................................................................... 26 Análise dos caracteres ................................................................................................. 40 3. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ............................................................................... 42 Análise de caracteres ................................................................................................... 42 Lista de Caracteres ...................................................................................................... 42 1. Blepharotini, nova tribo ........................................................................................ 125 viii 2. Asilini Latreille, 1802 ........................................................................................... 127 3. Apocleini Papavero, 1973 ..................................................................................... 134 4. Mallophorini, nova tribo ....................................................................................... 135 5. Proctacanthini, nova tribo ..................................................................................... 137 6. Efferiini, nova tribo ............................................................................................... 138 Classificação, sinonímias, revalidações e combinações
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