The mid-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges orogeny: a new slant on Cordilleran tectonics? I: Mexico to Nevada HILDEBRAND, Robert S.,* 1401 N. Camino de Juan, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA WHALEN, Joseph B., Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada

Supplemental File 1 Schmidt, K.L., and Paterson, S.R. 2002. A doubly vergent fan structure in the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Transpression or local complex flow around a continental margin buttress? Tectonics, 21: 1050, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1029/2001TC001353. Schmidt, K.L., Wetmore, P.H., Alsleben, H., and Paterson, S.R. 2014. Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Peninsular Ranges batholith, Baja California, Mexico: Long-lived history of a collisional segment in the Mesozoic Cordilleran arc. In Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California. Edited by D.M. Morton, and F.K. Miller, Geological Society of America Memoir 211, 645–668, doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211.

Supplemental File 2 Dickinson, W.R. 2008. Accretionary Mesozoic–Cenozoic expansion of the Cordilleran continental margin in California and Oregon. Geosphere, 4: 329–353. doi:10.1130/GES00105.1. Hildebrand, R.S. 2013. Mesozoic Assembly of the North American Cordillera: Geological Society of America Special Paper 495, 169 p.. doi:10.1130/2013.2495.

Supplemental File 3 Armin, R.A., John, D.A. 1983. Geologic map of the Freel Peak 15-minute Quadrangle, California and Nevada, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1424. Armin, R.A., John, D.A., Moore, W.J. 1984. Geologic map of the Markleeville 15-minute Quadrangle, Alpine County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map I-1474. Bateman, P.C, Lockwood, J.P., Lydon, P.A. 1971. Geologic map of the Kaiser Peak Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0894. Bateman, P.C, Wones, D.R. 1972. Geologic map of the Huntington Lake Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0987. Bateman, P.C. 1965. Geologic map of the Blackcap Mountain Quadrangle, Fresno County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0428. Bateman, P.C. 1989. Geologic map of the Bass Lake Quadrangle, west-central Sierra Nevada, California, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map, GQ-1656. Bateman, P.C., Busacca, A. J. 1982. Geologic map of the Millerton Lake Quadrangle, west-central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1548. Bateman, P.C., Busacca, A.J., Marchand, D.E., Sawka, W.N. 1982. Geologic map of the Raymond Quadrangle, Madera and Mariposa counties, California.U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1555. Bateman, P.C., Kistler, R.W., Peck, D.L., Busacca, A.J. 1983. Geologic map of the Tuolumne Meadows Quadrangle, Yosemite National Park, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1570. Bateman, P.C., Krauskopf, K.B. 1987. Geologic map of the El Portal Quadrangle, west-central Sierra Nevada, California, U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1998. Bateman, P.C., Moore, J.G. 1965. Geologic map of the Mount Goddard Quadrangle, Fresno and Inyo counties, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0429. Carr, M.D., Christiansen, R.L., Poole, F.G., and Goodge, J.W. 1997. Bedrock geologic map of the El Paso Mountains in the Garlock and El Paso Peaks 7-1/2' quadrangles, Kern County, California. United States Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2389, scale 1:24,000. Chapman, A.D., and Saleeby, J. 2012. Geologic map of the San Emigdio Mountains, southern California. Geological Society of America Map and Chart 101, doi: 10.1130/2012.MCH101. Chen, J.H., and Moore, J.G. 1982. Uranium-lead ages from the Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87: 4761– 4784, doi:10.1029/JB087iB06p04761. Clemens-Knott, D. 1992. Geologic and Isotopic Investigations of the Early Cretaceous Sierra Nevada Batholith, Tulare County, California, and the Ivrea Zone, Northwest Italian Alps: Examples of Interaction Between Mantle-Derived Magma and Continental Crust. Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 389 p. Coleman, D.S., and Glazner, A.F. 1998. The Sierra Crest magmatic event: rapid formation of juvenile crust during the Late Cretaceous in California. In Integrated Earth and Environmental Evolution of the Southwestern United States: The Clarence A. Hall Jr. Volume. Edited by W.G. Ernst and C.A. Nelson, Bellwether Publishing for the Geological Society of America, Columbia, Maryland, 253–272. Crowder, D.F, Robinson, P.T, Harris, Dahl, L. 1972. Geologic map of the Benton Quadrangle, Mono County, California, and Esmeralda and Mineral counties, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1013. Crowder, D.F., Sheridan, M.F. 1972. Geologic map of the White Mountain Peak Quadrangle, Mono County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1012. Dodge, F.C.W., Calk, L.C. 1987. Geologic map of the Lake Eleanor Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1639. du Bray, E.A., Moore, J.G. 1985. Geologic map of the Olancha Quadrangle, southern Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map MF-1734. Giusso, J.R. 1981. Preliminary geologic map of the Sonora Pass 15-minute Quadrangle, California.U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map OF 81-1170. Hildebrand, R.S., Whalen, J.B. 2017. The Tectonic Setting and Origin of Cretaceous Batholiths Within the North American Cordillera: The Case for Slab Failure Magmatism and Its Signifcance for Crustal Growth. Geological Society of America Special Paper 532, 113 p. Huber, N.K. 1968. Geologic map of the Shuteye Peak Quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0728. Huber, N.K. 1983. Preliminary geologic map of the Dardanelles Cone Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map MF-1436. Huber, N.K. 1983. Preliminary geologic map of the Pinecrest Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map MF-1437. Huber, N.K., Rinehart, C.D. 1965. Geologic map of the Devils Postpile Quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-437. John, D.A., Giusso, J., Moore, W.J., Armin, R.A. 1981. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Topaz Lake 15-minute quadrangle, California-Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map OF 81- 0273. Kistler, R.C. 1973. Geologic map of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir Quadrangle, Yosemite National Park, California, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1112. Kistler, R.W. 1966. Geologic map of the Mono Craters Quadrangle, Mono and Tuolumne counties, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0462. Krauskopf, K.B, Bateman, P.C., 1977.Geologic map of the Glass Mountain Quadrangle, Mono County, California, and Mineral County, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1099. Krauskopf, K.B. 1971. Geologic map of the Mount Barcroft Quadrangle, California-Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0960. Krauskopf, K.B. 1985. Geologic map of the Mariposa Quadrangle, Mariposa and Madera counties, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1586. Lackey, J.S., Cecil, R., Windham, C.J., Frazer, R.E., Bindeman, I.N., and Gehrels, G.E. 2012a The Fine Gold intrusive suite: The roles of basement terranes and magma source development in the Early Cretaceous Sierra Nevada batholith. Geosphere, 8: 292–313, doi:10.1130/GES00745.1. Lackey, J.S., Eisenberg, J.I., and Sendek, C.L. 2012b. Day 2: The Fine Gold intrusive suite—Records of the nascent Cretaceous arc. In Formation of the Sierra Nevada Batholith: Magmatic and Tectonic Processes and Their Tempos. Edited by V. Memeti, S.R. Paterson, and K.D. Putirka. Geological Society of America Field Guide 34, 2-1–2-23 (now supplanted by GSA Field Guide 34). Leopold, M.B. 2016. Structure, construction, and emplacement of the Late Cretaceous Sonora Pass intrusive suite: Central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. M.S. thesis. San José State University, San José, California, 100 p. Lockwood, J.P., Bateman, P.C. 1976. Geologic map of the Shaver Lake Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1271. Lockwood, J.P., Lydon, P.A. 1975. Geologic map of the Mount Abbot Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1155. Mack, S., Saleeby, J.B., and Farrell, J.E. 1979. Origin and Emplacement of the Academy Pluton, Fresno County, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 90: 633-694, doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-P2- 90-633. McKee, E.H., Nelson, C.A. 1967. Geologic map of the Soldier Pass Quadrangle, California and Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0654. Moore, J.G, Nokleberg, W.J. 1991. Geologic map of the Tehipite Dome Quadrangle, Fresno County, California.U. S. Geological Survey, Report: GQ-1676. Moore, J.G. 1978. Geologic map of the Marion Peak Quadrangle, Fresno County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1399. Moore, J.G. 1981 Geologic map of the Mount Whitney Quadrangle, Inyo and Tulare counties, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1545. Moore, J.G., Sisson, T.W. 1985. Geologic map of the Kern Peak Quadrangle, Tulare County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1584. Moore, J.G., Sisson, T.W. 1987. Geologic map of the Triple Divide Peak Quadrangle, Tulare County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1636. Nelson, C.A. 1966. Geologic map of the Blanco Mountain Quadrangle, Inyo and Mono counties, California, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0529. Nelson, C.A. 1966. Geologic map of the Waucoba Mountain Quadrangle, Inyo County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0528. Nelson, C.A. 1971. Geologic map of the Waucoba Spring Quadrangle, Inyo County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0921. Peck, D.L 2002. Geologic map of the Yosemite Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map I-2751. Peck, D.L. 1980. Geologic map of the Merced Peak Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1531. Robinson, P.T., Crowder, D.F. 1973. Geologic map of the Davis Mountain Quadrangle, Esmeralda and Mineral counties, Nevada, and Mono County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1078. Ross, D.C. 1967. Geologic map of the Waucoba Wash Quadrangle, Inyo County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-0612. Ross, D.C. 1989. The Metamorphic and Plutonic Rocks of the Southernmost Sierra Nevada, California, and Their Tectonic Framework. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1381, 159 p. Saleeby, J.B., Ducea, M.N., Busby, C.J., Nadin, E.S., and Wetmore, P.H. 2008. Chronology of pluton emplacement and regional deformation in the southern Sierra Nevada batholith, California. In Ophiolites, Arcs, and Batholiths: A Tribute to Cliff Hopson. Edited by J.E. Wright, and J.W. Shervais. Geological Society of America Special Paper 438, 397–427, doi:10.1130/2008.2438(14). Sisson, T.W, Moore, J.G. 1994. Geologic map of the Giant Forest Quadrangle, Tulare County, California, U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map, GQ-1751. Sisson, T.W., and Moore, J.G. 2013. Geologic map of the southwestern Sequoia National Park. United States Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2013-1096, scale 1:24,000. Stewart, J.H., Robinson, P.T., Albers, J.P., Crowder, D.F. 1974. Geologic map of the Piper Peak Quadrangle, Nevada-California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1186. Stone, P., Dunne, G.C., Moore, J.G., Smith, G.I. 2000. Geologic map of the Lone Pine 15' quadrangle, Inyo County, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map I-2617. Wahrhaftig, C. 2000. Geologic map of the Tower Peak Quadrangle, central Sierra Nevada, California. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map I-2697.

Supplemental File 4 Alasino, P.H., Ardill, K., Stanback, J., Paterson, S.R., Galindo, C., and Leopold, M. 2019. Magmatically folded and faulted schlieren zones formed by magma avalanching in the Sonora Pass Intrusive Suite, Sierra Nevada, California. Geosphere, 15: 1677–1702, doi.org/10.1130/GES02070.1. Clemens-Knott, D. 1992. Geologic and Isotopic Investigations of the Early Cretaceous Sierra Nevada Batholith, Tulare County, California, and the Ivrea Zone, Northwest Italian Alps: Examples of Interaction Between Mantle-Derived Magma and Continental Crust. Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 389 p. du Bray, E.A. 2007. Time, space, and composition relations among northern Nevada intrusive rocks and their metallogenic implications. Geosphere, 3: 381–405. doi:10.1130/GES00109.1. Hirt, W.H. 2007. Petrology of the Mount Whitney Intrusive Suite, eastern Sierra Nevada, California: Implications for the emplacement and differentiation of composite felsic intrusions. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119: 1185–1200. doi.org/10.1130/B26054.1. Memeti, V. 2009. Growth of the Cretaceous Tuolumne Batholith and Synchronous Regional Tectonics, Sierra Nevada, CA: A Coupled System in a Continental Margin Arc Setting. Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 282 p. Sisson, T.W., Grove, T.L., and Coleman, D.S. 1996. Hornblende gabbro sill complex at Onion Valley, California, and a mixing origin for the Sierra Nevada batholith. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 126: 81–108, doi:10.1007/s004100050237. Van Buer, N.J., and Miller, E.L. 2010. Sahwave batholith, NW Nevada: Cretaceous arc flare-up in a basinal terrane. Lithosphere, 2: 423–446, doi:10.1130/L105.1.

Supplemental Figure 4 Memeti, V. 2009. Growth of the Cretaceous Tuolumne Batholith and Synchronous Regional Tectonics, Sierra Nevada, CA: A Coupled System in a Continental Margin Arc Setting. Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 282 p.