A We the People initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities THE WEST and the SH A PING of A MER ICA FORT WORTH ~ JUNE 3–6, 2007 LUBBOCK ~ JUNE 10–13, 2007 Humanities Texas, the state affiliate of the National Endowment for "e Amon Carter Museum delivers enlightening experiences, the Humanities, conducts and supports public programs in history, focused on its collection and exhibitions of outstanding American art, IN S TITUT ES FO R T E X A S T E ACHER S literature, philosophy, and other humanities disciplines. "ese programs that offer visitors fresh insights into this country’s strengthen Texas communities and ultimately help sustain representative fascinating social and cultural identity. democracy by cultivating informed, educated citizens. www.cartermuseum.org www.humanitiestexas.org Texas Christian University delivers a world-class, value-centered Committed to teaching and the advancement of knowledge, university experience. A TCU education is more than the sum of semester Texas Tech University, a comprehensive public research university, hours. It is a complete experience that grows from the university’s mission provides the highest standards of excellence in higher education, statement: “to educate individuals to think and act as ethical leaders and fosters intellectual and personal development, and stimulates responsible citizens in the global community.” meaningful research and service to humankind. www.tcu.edu www.ttu.edu Partners Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway !e Fort Worth Public Library Foundation !e National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame American Wind Power Center and Museum Buddy Holly Center Past Humanities Texas teacher institutes Institute on Congress Gateway on the Gulf: Southwest Vistas: and American History Galveston and American Immigration "e Border in American History 1845 – 1915 SPONSORED BY HUMANITIES TEXAS TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Cover: Cliffs of Green River, by !omas Moran, 1874. Oil on canvas, 25⅛ x 45⅜ in. Collection of the Amon Carter Museum, THE AMON CARTER MUSEUM Fort Worth, Texas, 1975.28. Courtesy Amon Carter Museum. Texas Christian University Humanities Texas Texas Tech University System Board of Trustees 2006–07 2007 Board of Directors Board of Regents J. Luther King Jr., Fort Worth (Chairman) Joseph R. Krier, San Antonio (Chair) L. Frederick “Rick” Francis, El Paso (Chair) Clarence Scharbauer III, Midland (Vice Chairman) Norma E. Cantú, San Antonio (Vice Chair) J. Frank Miller III, Dallas (Vice Chair) Allie Beth Allman, Dallas Julius Glickman, Houston (Secretary) Larry K. Anders, Dallas Peter L. Bermont, Coral Gables, Florida Janie Strauss McGarr, Dallas (Treasurer) C. Robert “Bob” Black, Horseshoe Bay Robert A. Buschman, San Antonio Jo Anne M. Christian, Austin (Past Chair) F. Scott Dueser, Abilene Brenda A. Cline, Fort Worth Gary M. Bell, Lubbock Mark Griffin, Lubbock Ronald W. Clinkscale, Fort Worth Leslie D. Blanton, Houston Ebtesam Attaya Islam, Lubbock J. Kelly Cox, Midland Albert S. Broussard, College Station Daniel “Dan” T. Serna, Arlington Lou Hill Davidson, Washington, D.C. Jackson V. Curlin, El Paso Windy Sitton, Lubbock John F. Davis III, Dallas Maceo C. Dailey Jr., El Paso Bob L. Stafford, Amarillo THE WEST A. R. “Buddy” Dike, Fort Worth Virginia Dudley, Comanche Kay Fortson, Fort Worth Juliet V. García, Brownsville Chancellor Marcia Fuller French, Midland Miguel Gonzalez-Gerth, Austin Kent Hance and the Alan D. Friedman, Dallas Robert J. Kruckemeyer, Houston Charlie L. Geren, Fort Worth William S. Livingston, Austin President Nick A. Giachino, Chicago, Illinois Nancy Cain Marcus, Dallas Jon Whitmore SH APING Kenneth J. Huffman, New York, New York Adair Margo, El Paso Mark L. Johnson, Fort Worth "omas R. Mitchell, Laredo Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs Ann M. Jones, Albany Kit T. Moncrief, Fort Worth William M. Marcy of AMER ICA J. Roger King, Fort Worth Bettye Nowlin, Austin G. Malcolm Louden, Fort Worth Tessa Martinez Pollack, San Antonio Senior Vice Provost for Academic Affairs Mary Ralph Lowe, Fort Worth Bill Ratliff, Mount Pleasant James Eastgate Brink Kade L. Matthews, Clarendon Linda A. Valdez, Rockport Kit T. Moncrief, Fort Worth Abraham Verghese, San Antonio !e West and the Shaping of America FOR T WOR TH ~ JUNE 3–6, 2007 Ronald C. Parker, Dallas Mary L. Volcansek, Fort Worth Project Directors Roger A. Ramsey, Houston George C. Wright, Prairie View Alwyn Barr, Professor of History LUBBOCK ~ JUNE 10 –13, 2007 Jerry J. Ray, Austin Gary M. Bell, Dean, Honors College Amy Roach, Fort Worth Board Alumni Co-Chairs Paul H. Carlson, Professor of History Joan G. Rogers, Fort Worth J. Sam Moore Jr., El Paso Gary Edson, Executive Director, INS T I T U T ES FOR T E X AS T E ACHERS Matthew K. Rose, Fort Worth Ellen C. Temple, Lufkin Museum of Texas Tech University Billy Rosenthal, Fort Worth Jorge Iber, Chair, Department of History Patricia Penrose Schieffer, Washington, D.C. Executive Director Monte L. Monroe, Southwest Collection Archivist FINAL REPORT Edgar H. Schollmaier, Fort Worth Michael L. Gillette Jim Pfluger, Executive Director, Jan Tucker Scully, Fort Worth National Ranching Heritage Center Sarah Hales Smith, Austin !e West and the Shaping of America Project Director William E. Tydeman, Codirector, Southwest Roy C. Snodgrass III, Austin Eric Lupfer, Director of Grants and Education Collection/Special Collections Library William E. Steele III, Fort Worth Lissa Wagner, Midland F. Howard Walsh Jr., Fort Worth Roger Williams, Austin Rick L. Wittenbraker, Houston John Wooldridge, Houston Robert J. Wright, Dallas Amon Carter Museum SPONSORED BY Board of Trustees 2007 HUMANITIES TEXAS Chancellor TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY Victor Boschini Robert M. Bass, Fort Worth Bradford R. Breuer, San Antonio TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs Michael Conforti, Williamstown, Massachusetts THE AMON CARTER MUSEUM Nowell Donovan Walker C. Friedman, Fort Worth John P. Hickey Jr., Milwaukee, Wisconsin Executive Director, Center for Texas Studies Karen Johnson Hixon, San Antonio Mary L. Volcansek, Professor of Political Science Mark L. Johnson, Fort Worth Carter Johnson Martin, Fort Worth A We the People initiative of the !e West and the Shaping of America Project Director Richard W. Moncrief, Fort Worth National Endowment for the Humanities Todd M. Kerstetter, Associate Professor of History Stephen P. Smiley, Dallas Benjamin F. Stapleton, New York, New York Ruth Carter Stevenson, Fort Worth Nenetta Carter Tatum, Fort Worth William E. Tucker, Fort Worth Alice L. Walton, Mineral Wells Director Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication Ron Tyler do not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. 2 FINAL REPORT 3 THE WEST AND THE SHAPING OF AMERICA In June 2007, Humanities Texas partnered with Texas Christian University, Texas Tech University, and the Amon Carter Museum to hold “The West and the Shaping of America,” a pair of residential teacher institutes in Fort Worth and Lubbock exploring the history and culture of the American West, as well as the region’s impact on the nation’s emergence. #"$,(306/% Since 2004, Humanities Texas has held residential summer institutes for Texas teachers with the support of the National Endowment for the Humanities We the People initiative. The 2004 “Institute on Congress and American History,” organized in partnership with the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, the National Archives and Records Administration, and The University of Texas at Austin’s College of Liberal Arts and Center for American History, explored Congress’s role in the pivotal events of U.S. history. The following year, Humanities Photographs by Texas collaborated with the Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum to hold “Gateway Julia Aguilar, Michael L. Gillette, on the Gulf: Galveston and American Immigration, 1845–1914,” which examined the Artie Limmer, Sarah Hymes, history of nineteenth-century U.S. immigration from the perspective of Galveston, the Eric Lupfer, and Katie Rush. “Ellis Island of the West.” In 2006, Humanities Texas partnered with the University of Houston and the Stacy Hricko (Pottsboro), University of Texas at El Paso to hold “Southwest Vistas: The Border in American History.” Amy Thurman (Fort Worth), An exploration of the history and culture of the U.S.-Mexico border, “Southwest Vistas” Through these institutes, Humanities Texas has established a reputation among Lubbock institute and Judith Trevino (Edinburg) represented a significant expansion of Humanities Texas’s educational programs, as it the state’s classroom teachers for holding intellectually stimulating summer programs. participants gather at (l to r) participate in a primary included two teacher institutes—one in Houston, the other in El Paso, both sharing the Participants work closely with leading scholars, as well as colleagues from around Texas, Lubbock Lake Landmark, source workshop in Fort Worth. same curricular goals. exploring topics central to the state’s humanities curricula. Evaluations have been an archaeological site superlative, with many teachers reporting that they returned home inspired to share what with evidence of nearly they learned with students and colleagues. 12,000 years of human habitation on the 130(3".%&7&-01.&/5 Southern High Plains. Initial planning for “The West and the Shaping of America” began in 2005, after Humanities Texas invited universities around the state to propose ideas for collaborative institutes exploring