As Physicians and Scientists Who Have Seen Firsthand the Value of U.S

January 31, 2017

The President The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Washington, DC, 20500

Dear Mr. President:

As physicians and scientists who have seen firsthand the value of U.S. leadership in global health, we are writing to share our insights on the impacts of the investments this country has made and the vital importance of continuing them.

The global health threats recently posed by influenza, Ebola and Zika make the increasing frequency and severity of transnational infectious disease outbreaks impossible to ignore. This pattern will continue. Addressing infectious diseases abroad is essential to protecting the American people at home and our economic interests abroad. The United States has been a longstanding leader in global health. Our country has been extraordinarily effective in improving the health of millions while advancing our global health security and strengthening our standing with international leaders and trade partners. We urge you to build on that leadership.

The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the most important and ambitious global health program ever implemented by any nation to address a single disease has had measurable impact on the lives of millions. PEPFAR supports lifesaving antiretroviral treatment for nearly 11.5 million people, has prevented two million babies from being born with HIV, and trained hundreds of thousands of health care workers in low-income countries. These remarkable achievements were made possible by the leadership and support of Administrations from both parties, by strong bipartisan Congressional support, and by scientific advances in HIV prevention and treatment developed through research supported by the National Institutes of Health. These investments have made it possible to aim for the end of AIDS as a global health threat by 2030. Still, more than 2 million new HIV infections, and more than one million deaths from HIV occur every year. If our investments are to pay off, we must continue and expand the access to services PEPFAR has provided, our partnerships with affected countries, and the work to develop more effective treatments, a vaccine, and, ultimately, a cure.

U.S. leadership against tuberculosis, now the world’s leading infectious disease killer, is equally vital. The curable, airborne disease took the lives of 1.8 million people in 2015, with an upsurge in resistant forms of infection that make successful treatment challenging and sometimes impossible, whether treatment is provided overseas or in the best facilities for tuberculosis here in the U.S. With fast-paced global travel and migration, this airborne disease is easily spread from person to person. Recently developed diagnostic tools, new medications and improved treatments offer hope where they are available. The U.S. has played a pivotal role in ensuring that these interventions reach those in need around the world so they are not needed here. Continued investments to develop and deploy new tools to prevent and cure tuberculosis hold the promise of relegating this deadly infection to history.

U.S. support and leadership have also brought major reductions in childhood illnesses and deaths from infectious diseases that include pneumonia and malaria. Greater efforts are needed to prevent newborn illnesses and death. Our support for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria continues to set the standard that unites the world in its response to three deadly diseases. In addition, U.S. strategies and resources to strengthen infection surveillance, diagnostic capacities and antibiotic drug development play a vital role in addressing antimicrobial resistance, a growing global and domestic threat that may render treatments for common infections useless, reversing many of the gains of modern medicine.

U.S.-led initiatives to advance global health security are working to develop public health infrastructures, skilled health workforces and well-equipped laboratories, to ensure that countries have the capacities to monitor, prevent, detect and respond quickly to infectious disease outbreaks before they explode into national health emergencies or global pandemics threatening the health of Americans.

The leadership of the United States through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, the United States Agency for International Development and the Department of Defense was critical in achieving control of Ebola, and in amassing the expertise to address the threats Zika poses to pregnant women and their infants. In addition to saving the lives and restoring the productivity of millions of people around the world, our investments protect U.S. diplomats, military personnel, business travelers and tourists. Our investments in global health and the reach of our scientific and technological innovations are essential to our domestic health and prosperity, our national security and economic interests, and our stature as a force for progress.

We ask that you expand all of these efforts, from increased funding for the resources and work needed to end AIDS, to empowering research and development to turn back the tide of drug-resistant infections including tuberculosis, to developing effective vaccines, and to building a legacy of innovation that will protect our nation against future infectious disease threats.

We are proud of the contributions our country has made to global health and security and stand ready to work with you and your Administration as you accelerate the work needed to build a safer and healthier world.

Sincerely,

Alabama Bernard Camins, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama at Anju Bansal, PhD, Assistant Professor, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Louise Chow, PhD, Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Scott Barnum, PhD, Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Randy Cron, MD, PhD, Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Scott Batey, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Randall Davis, MD, Professor, University of Birmingham, Alabama Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Suresh Boppana, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Jodie Dionne-Odom, MD, Assistant Professor of University of Alabama at Birmingham, Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

Alexandra Duverger, PhD, Research Associate, Peter Pappas, MD, Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham, Alabama

Ellen Eaton, MD, Assistant Professor, James Raper, PhD, Professor of Medicine & University of Alabama at Birmingham, Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Birmingham, Alabama

Karen Fowler, DrPH, Professor, University of Stewart Reid, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama James Galbraith, MD, Associate Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Michael Saag, MD, Associate Dean for Global Birmingham, Alabama Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Hanne Harbison, MSPH, MSN, Lead Nurse Practitioner, University of Alabama at Omar Sims, PhD, Assistant Professor, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Rosie Hill, PhD, Researcher, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Kristi Stringer, MA, PhD Candidate, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Craig Hoesley, MD, Professor of Medicine, Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama Jim Jian Sun, PhD, Research Associate, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Elliot Lefkowitz, PhD, Professor, University of Birmingham, Alabama Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Ashutosh Tamhane, MD, PhD, MSPH, DPH, Frances Lund, PhD, Charles H. McCauley Epidemiologist, University of Alabama at Professor and Chair Department of Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama James Tang, PhD, Professor of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, George Luo, MD, MPH, Endowed Professor, Birmingham, Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Sunnie Thompson, PhD, Associate Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Jeanne Marrazzo, MD, MPH, Professor of Birmingham, Alabama Medicine & Division Chief, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Janet Turan, PhD, Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Sue Michalek, PhD, Professor of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Bulent Turan, PhD, Assistant Professor, Birmingham, Alabama University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Zina Moldoveanu, PhD, Professor, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

David Vance, PhD, Professor, School of Rachel Gonzalez, MPH, Health Science Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Specialist, Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama Long Beach, California

Andrew Westfall, MS, Statistician, University of Shelley Gordon, MD, PhD, Infectious Diseases Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Associates, San Francisco, California

Frank Wolschendorf, PhD, Assistant Professor, Ruth Greenblatt, MD, Professor, University of University of Alabama at Birmingham, California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Birmingham, Alabama California

Arizona Michael J. Harbour, MD, Attending Physician, PACE AIDS Clinic, Santa Clara Valley Medical John Kevin Carmichael, MD, MS, FIDSA, Center, Palo Alto, California Medical Director, El Rio Special Immunology Associates, Tucson, Arizona Diane Havlir, MD, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Linda Gorgos, MD, Infectious Disease Francisco, California Physician, Special Immunology Associates, Tucson, Arizona Trevor Hawkins, MD, Senior Medical Director, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California Peter McKellar, MD, Chief of Infectious Diseases Section, Banner University Medical Maile Young Karris, MD, Assistant Professor, Center, Phoenix, Arizona University of California San Diego, San Diego, California California William Kennedy, MD, Senior Medical Ryan Anderson, MD, Graduate Student Director, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, San Assistant, University of California Berkeley, Francisco, California Berkeley, California Sebastian Kevany, MA, MPH, Adjunct Terrence F. Blaschke, MD, Professor of Professor, Trinity College Dublin and University Medicine and of Molecular Pharmacology, of California, San Francisco, California Emeritus, Stanford University, Stanford, California Nathan Kim, MD Candidate, Medical Student, University of California, San Francisco School Yvonne Bryson, MD, Distinguished Professor of of Medicine, San Francisco, California Pediatrics and Infectious Disease, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California William Klitz, MD, Research Associate, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California University of California, Berkeley, California

Lily Chattopadhyay, MD, Children’s Hospital Cynthia Lucero-Obusan, MD, Medical Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California Epidemiologist, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California Wael ElMaraachli, MD, Assistant Professor, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, Loren Miller, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine, California David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California

Kathleen Mulligan, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Samuel Tia, MD, Chief Science Officer, University of California San Francisco, San Correlia Biosystems, Inc., San Francisco, Francisco, California California

Richard Murphy, MD, Harbor University of Kelley Urry, MD, Associate Director, Insmed, California Los Angeles, Torrance, California Monterey, California

David Nguyen, MD, PhD, Fellow, Infectious Paul Volberding, MD, Professor of Medicine, Diseases, University of California San Director AIDS Research Institute, University of Francisco, San Francisco, California California San Francisco, San Francisco, California Kyle Ragins, MD, MBA, Emergency Physician, University of California Los Angeles, Los Xaviour Walker, MD, MPH, DTMH, Fellow, Angeles, California University of California Irvine, Irvine, California Sharon Reed, MD, Professor of Medicine and Pathology, University of California, San Diego Colorado Health, San Diego, California David Cohn, MD, Professor of Medicine, Michael Reid, MD, MPH, Clinical Fellow, Denver Public Health, Denver, Colorado University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California Melisa Esposti, MA, Director of Global Health Grants, Project C.U.R.E., Centennial, Colorado Douglas Richman, MD, Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Medicine Director, Center for Michelle Haas, MD, Assistant Professor of AIDS Research Florence; Seeley Riford Chair in Medicine, Denver Public Health, Denver, AIDS Research, University of California San Colorado Diego, La Jolla, California Connecticut

Hayden Rodarte, JD, Student, Yale Law School, Richard Carroll, MD, VP, Clinical Research, Alameda, California Tangen Biosciences, Inc., Branford, Connecticut

Monika Roy, MD, Infectious Disease Physician, Luke Davis, MD, Associate Professor, Yale University of California San Francisco, San School of Public Health & Yale School of Francisco, California Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Darvin Scott Smith, MD, FIDSA, Chief of Hanna Ehrlich, PhD candidate, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Associate Adjunct Clinical Professor, Kaiser Permanente and Stanford University, Redwood Gerald Friedland, MD, Professor Emeritus of City, California Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Fred Tenover, PhD, Vice President, Scientific Connecticut Affairs, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California Louis Gregory, MPH, Graduate Student, Yale Kathy Thompson, MD, Senior Physician School of Public Health, New Haven, Specialist, San Francisco Department of Public Connecticut Health, San Francisco, California

Evelyn Hsieh, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Kenneth Winn, MHA, Director, Respiratory Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Care, Yale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut Connecticut

Albert Ko, MD, Professor and Department Delaware Chair, Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Donald Collins, MD, Pulmonary, Critical Care Connecticut and Sleep Specialist, Christiana Care, Wilmington, Delaware Joseph Lim, ScD, MD Candidate, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut District of Columbia

Kelsey Loeliger, MPhil, MD/PhD Candidate, Joel Ang, MD, Q Street Medical Associates, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Washington, District of Columbia Connecticut Amanda Castel, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Chad Marion, DO, PhD, Physician, Yale George Washington University Milken School University, New Haven, Connecticut of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia Mark Metersky, MD, Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farley R. Cleghorn, MD, Global Head, Health Farmington, Connecticut Practice, Palladium, Washington, District of Columbia Amanda Meyer, MPH, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut Lisa Fitzpatrick, MD, MPH, MPA, Medical Epidemiologist, PPH, Inc., Washington, District Katie Owers, MSc, PhD Candidate, Yale School of Columbia of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut W. David Hardy, MD, Senior Director of Tracy Rabin, MD, Assistant Professor, Yale Evidence-based Practices, Whitman-Walker University School of Medicine, New Haven, Health, Washington, District of Columbia Connecticut Nicholas Hellmann, MD, Scientific and Strategy Jeremy Schwartz, MD, Assistant Professor, Yale Advisor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia

Cynthia Shi, MSc, PhD Student, Yale Manu Kaushal, MD, Attending, Georgetown University, New Haven, Connecticut University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia Kristina Talbert-Slagle, PhD, Assistant Professor of General Internal Medicine, Senior Manya Magnus, LPN, PhD, MPH, Associate Scientific Officer, Yale University, New Haven, Professor, George Washington University, Connecticut Washington, District of Columbia

Katharine Walter, MPH, Yale University, New Lynne Mofenson, MD, Senior HIV Technical Haven, Connecticut Advisor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, District of Columbia

Stanley Reedy, MD, MPH, Public Health Georgia Physician, Retired, Washington, District of Columbia Anastasia Postoev, MD, Physician, Central Michigan University, Atlanta, Georgia Lal Sadasivan, MD, MPH, MBA, Tuberculosis Technical Director, PATH, Washington, District Susan Allen, MD, MPH, Professor, Emory of Columbia School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Carmelita Tuazon, MD, Professor, George Sara Auld, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Care Washington University Medical Center, Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Washington, District of Columbia Henry M. Blumberg, MD, Professor of Benjamin Young, MD, Senior Vice President Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, and Chief Medical Officer, International Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Association of Providers of AIDS Care, Carlos del Rio, MD, Professor, Emory Washington, District of Columbia University Rollins School of Public Health, Mary A. Young, MD, Assistant Professor of Atlanta, Georgia Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, Lytt Gardner, PhD, Epidemiologist, Alpharetta, District of Columbia Georgia

Jose M. Zuniga, PhD, President, International James M. Hughes, MD, FIDSA, Professor of Association of Providers of AIDS Care, Medicine and Public Health, Emory University, Washington, District of Columbia Atlanta, Georgia

Florida Russell Kempker, MD, MSc, Assistant Hector Bolivar, MD, Assistant Professor of Professor, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida Lauren Lambert, MPH, Epidemiologist, Atlanta, Ricardo Jose Gonzalez-Rothi, MD, Emeritus Georgia Professor of Medicine, Florida State University, William M. Shafer, PhD, Professor, Emory Tallahassee, Florida University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Vincent Hsu, MD, MPH, FSHEA, FACP, Melanie Thompson, MD, Principal Investigator, Executive Director for Infection Control, Florida AIDS Research Consortium of Atlanta, Atlanta, Hospital, Orlando, Florida Georgia

Charles D. Mitchell, MD, Professor, University Seth Walker, MD, Director, Emory Adult Cystic of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fibrosis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Florida Georgia J. Glenn Morris, Jr., MD, MPH&TM, Professor Illinois and Director, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Maximo O. Brito, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Illinois, Mobeen Rathore, MD, Professor and Director, Chicago, Illinois University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida

Mardge Cohen, MD, Physician, Stroger Indiana Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Leslie Enane, MD, Assistant Professor of Daniel Cohen, MD, Group Medical Director, Pediatrics, Indiana University School of AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana

Nancy Glick, MD, Associate Professor of James W. Smith, MD, Emeritus Professor & Medicine, Sinai Health System and Rosalind Chair, Department of Pathology, Indiana Franklin University, Chicago, Illinois University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Donald Graham, MD, Infectious Disease Specialist, Springfield Clinic, Springfield, Gregory Zimet, PhD, Professor of Pediatrics & Illinois Clinical Psychology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Daniel Johnson, MD, Professor, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Iowa

Janak Koirala, MD, Professor and Division Jeffery L. Meier, MD, Associate Professor, Chief, Southern Illinois University, School of University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Medicine, Springfield, Illinois Kansas Richard Novak, MD, Professor and Head, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Thomas A. Moore, MD, Clinical Professor of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita Campus, Wichita, Kansas Carol Olson, MD, Infectious Diseases Consultant, Sapphire Oak Consultants, LLC, Louisiana Lindenhurst, Illinois Pierre Buekens, MD, PhD, Professor, Tulane Vidhya Prakash, MD, Associate Professor, University, New Orleans, Louisiana Southern Illinois University, Department of Lori A. Gordon, MD, Clinical Assistant Medicine, Springfield, Illinois Professor, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Shuvani Sanyal, MD, Physician, University of Orleans, Louisiana Illinois, Chicago, Illinois Susan McLellan, MD, MPH, Associate Usha Sigamonym, MD, Self-employed, Professor, Tulane University School of Chicago, Illinois Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana

Vidya Sundareshan, MD, MPH, Associate Russell Van Dyke, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Professor, Southern Illinois University, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana Springfield, Illinois Maine

Sarang Thaker, MD, MS, Physician, University Shulamith Bonham, MD, Physician, St. Mary's of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois Health Center, Lewiston, Maine

Laura Nelsen, MD, Physician, Pathology Associates PC, Augusta, Maine

Maryland Craig Hendrix, MD, Director, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins Claudia Garcia Diaz, MS Nursing, MBA, Johns University, Baltimore, Maryland Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland Christopher Hoffmann, MD, Associate Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Stefan Baral, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Michael Horberg, MD, MAS, FACP, FIDSA, Robert Bollinger, MD, MPH, Professor, Johns Executive Director Research, Community Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Benefit, and Medicaid, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Kevin Burns, MD, MPH, Physician, Johns Medical Group, Rockville, Maryland Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Petros Karakousis, MD, Associate Professor of Baltimore, Maryland Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Larry Chang, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Jeanne Keruly, MS, CRNP, Assistant Professor Maryland of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, John Cmar, MD, Director, Division of Infectious Baltimore, Maryland Diseases, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Peter Kilmarx, MD, Infectious Disease Baltimore, Maryland Physician, Bethesda, Maryland

Wendy Davis, EdM, Senior Research Associate, Nicole Kingsland, MSN Candidate, Johns Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Hopkins University School of Nursing, Health, Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland

Kelly Dooley, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Steve Kuo, MD, PhD, President, YMCK Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of International Consultants, Rockville, Maryland Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Carl Latkin. PhD, Professor, Johns Hopkins Susan Dorman, MD, Professor of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, International Health, Johns Hopkins University Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Gregory Lucas, MD, PhD, Professor of Jason Farley, PhD, MPH, ANP-BC, FAAN, Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, AACRN, Associate Professor, Nurse Maryland Practitioner, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Justin Charles McArthur, MBBS, MPH, Professor and Director, Department of Kevin Fennelly, MD, MPH, Physician, Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of American Thoracic Society, Rockville, Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Maryland Kenrad Nelson, MD, Professor of Meagan Fitzpatrick, PhD, Postdoctoral Fellow, Epidemiology, International Health and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Medicine, Johns Hopkins Schools of Public Baltimore, Maryland Health and Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Thomas Quinn, MD, Director of Global Health, Joshua Barocas, MD, Massachusetts General Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Baltimore, Maryland Erin Bassett, MD, Family Medicine Resident, Jessica Rosen, MD, Staff Physician, Dennis Greater Lawrence Family Health Center, Avenue Health Center, Silver Spring, Maryland Lawrence, Massachusetts

Ruwaida Salem, MPH, Science Editor, Johns Ingrid Bassett, MD, MPH, Associate Professor Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland Boston, Massachusetts

Cynthia L. Sears, MD, Professor of Medicine, Kirthana Beaulac, PharmD, Tufts Medical Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Center, Boston, Massachusetts Baltimore, Maryland Lisa Bebell, MD, Assistant in Medicine, Judy Stone, MD, Infectious Disease Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Author, Contributor to Forbes, Cumberland, Massachusetts Maryland Suze Berthold-Avignon, Computer Engineering, Jessica Taaffe, PhD, Principal Consultant, Staff Admin, Massachusetts General Hospital, Global Renaissance Enterprises, Silver Spring, Boston, Massachusetts Maryland Seth Bloom, MD, PhD, Clinical and Research Kawsar Talaat, MD, Associate Scientist, Johns Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Maryland Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts David Thomas, MD, Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Adeline Boatin, MD, MPH, Instructor, Harvard Maryland Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Meklit Workneh, MD, Fellow, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Tyler Bold, MD, Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts

Kevin L. Ard, MD, MPH, Instructor in Daniel Bourque, MD, Infectious Diseases Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts

Amy Barczak, MD, Assistant Professor, Stephanie Buss, MD, Physician, Beth Israel Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts

Elizabeth Barnett, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Nirma Bustamante, MD, International Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Emergency Medicine Fellowship, Brigham and Massachusetts Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Stephen B. Calderwood, MD, Professor and Lisa Cosimi, MD, Assistant Professor, Harvard Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, Brigham and Women's Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Paul Currier, MD, MPH, Attending Physician, Mary Carson, MD, Physician, Beth Israel Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Scott Dryden-Peterson, MD, MSC, Instructor, Kara Carter, PhD, Head of Antiviral Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts Caitlin Dugdale, MD, Infectious Disease Alison Case, MD, Resident Physician, Greater Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lawrence Family Health Center, Lawrence, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts

Jaclyn Chai, MPH, Administrative Director, Maha Farhat, MD MSc, Assistant Professor, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Massachusetts Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Richard Channick, MD, Associate Professor of Huma Farid, MD, Instructor, OB/GYN, Harvard Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Donna Fisher, MD, Chief, Division of Pediatric Richelle Charles, MD, Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases, Baystate Children's Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Hospital, Baystate Health, Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts Pooja Chitneni, MD, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Kenneth Freedberg, MD, Professor of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Diana Clarke, MD, Pediatric HIV Esther Freeman, MD, PhD, Director, Global Pharmacotherapy Specialist, Boston Medical Health Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Center, Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts

KC Coffey, MD, MPH, Physician, Rajesh Gandhi, MD, Director, HIV Clinical Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Services and Education, Massachusetts General Massachusetts Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

William Coleman, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Patricia E. Garrett, PhD, Principal Investigator, Chemistry, Wellesley College, Shrewsbury, Senior Scientist, Immunetics, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts

Ellen Cooper, MD, Professor of Pediatric Jeffrey Gelfand, MD, Clinical Professor of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts

Benjamin Gewurz, MD, PhD, Assistant Robert N. Husson, MD, Senior Physician, Professor, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Professor, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Boston, Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Marcia Goldberg, MD, Professor of Medicine, Jacob Johnson, MD, Physician, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Mark A. Kelley, MD, Director Faculty Robert Goldstein, MD, PhD, Massachusetts Leadership, Department of Medicine, General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Annekathryn Goodman, MD, Gynecologic Oncologist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Arthur Y. Kim, MD, Associate Professor of Boston, Massachusetts Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Corey Hardin, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Hsiaohsuan Kuo, PhD, Research Fellow, Ragon Boston, Massachusetts Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Patricia Henwood, MD, Instructor in Emergency Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Daniel Kuritzkes, MD, Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases and Professor of Medicine, Martin S. Hirsch, MD, Massachusetts General Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Robert Hoffman, MD, Distinguished Professor Regina LaRocque, MD, MPH, Assistant of Health Science, Bay Path University, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Longmeadow, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts

Kelly Holland, MD, Family Physician, Lynn Jacob Lazarus, MD, PhD, Fellow in Infectious Community Health Center, Lynn, Massachusetts Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Michael D. Hughes, MD, Professor of Boston, Massachusetts Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Philip Lederer, MD, Physician, Harvard Medical Research, Harvard TH Chan School of Public School, Boston, Massachusetts Health, Boston, Massachusetts Jean C. Lee, PhD, Associate Professor in Rocio Hurtado, MD, Director, Mycobacterial Medicine in Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Center - ID Division, Massachusetts General Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts

Sadia Hussain, MD, Infectious Diseases Fellow, Cammie Lesser MD, PhD, Associate Professor Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Medicine in Microbiology, Harvard Medical Massachusetts School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Alyssa Letourneau, MD, MPH, Infectious Anne Neilan, MD, Instructor of Medicine, Disease Physician, Massachusetts General Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Sandra Nelson, MD, Massachusetts General Julie Levison, MD, Instructor in Medicine, Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Michelle Niescierenko, MD, MPH, Director Global Health, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Sean Levy, MD, MS, Pulmonary and Critical Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Care Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Kelli O'Laughlin, MD, MPH, Assistant Jonathan Li, MD, Assistant Professor of Professor of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Medical School,, Brigham and Women's Massachusetts Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Mathias Lichterfeld, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Molly Paras, MD, Physician, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Fong Liu, MD, MPH, Instructor, Attending Cassandra Pierre, MD, Medical Director, Physician, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Infectious Disease Clinic, Boston Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Center, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Rebeca Plank, MD, MPH, Physician, Harvard Shahin Lockman, MD, Associate Professor, Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard TC Chan School of Philip Ponce, MD, Physician, Massachusetts Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Kate Long, MSPH, Doctoral Student, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Clemens Probst, BS, Researcher, Massachusetts Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Lynn Matthews, MD, Assistant Professor, Alexander Rabin, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Care Fellow, Massachusetts General Hospital, Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts Kenneth McIntosh, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Rod Rahimi, MD, PhD, Graduate Assistant in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rose Molina, MD, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Boston, Massachusetts Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Arjun Rangarajan, MBBS, MPH, Project Manager, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Joia Mukherjee, MD, MPH, Associate Professor Boston, Massachusetts of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Krishna Reddy, MD, Instructor in Medicine, Laura Vinue-Santolalla, MD, Research Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Associate, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts

Brian Russo, MD, Research Fellow, Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts Massachusetts

Paul Sax, MD, Clinical Director, Division of Rochelle Walensky, MD, Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Mark Seidner, MD, Assistant Professor of Ana Weil, MD, Physician, Massachusetts Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Scott Weiner, MD, Physician, Brigham and Leonard Sicilian, MD, Clinical Director, Adult Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Cystic Fibrosis Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Amanda Westlake, MD, Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Laura Smeaton, MS, Senior Biostatistician, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Blair Wylie, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Boston, Massachusetts Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Nicholas Somerville, MD, EIS Officer, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts Xu Yu, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Elizabeth Stier, MD, Associate Professor, Boston, Massachusetts Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Kimon Zachary, MD, Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Xiaoming Sun, PhD, Postdoctoral Fellow, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Emily Zern, MD, Physician, Massachusetts Hospital, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts Michigan

Virginia Triant, MD, Assistant Professor of Marilynn R. Fairfax, MD, PhD, Physician, Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Detroit, Michigan

Gustavo Velasquez, MD, MPH, Associate Dana Kissner, MD, MS, Medical Director, TB Physician, Division of Infectious Diseases, Control & Prevention for Detroit and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Washtenaw County; Wayne State University & Massachusetts University of Michigan Schools of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Cheryl Moyer, PhD, MPH, Associate Director, Shirley Delaire, MD, Assistant Professor, Global REACH, University of Michigan, Ann University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Arbor, Michigan Nebraska

Rosemary Olivero, MD, Section Chief, Pediatric Alison Freifeld, MD, Professor, Infectious Infectious Diseases, Helen DeVos Children's Diseases, University of Nebraska College of Hospital of Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska Michigan Kari Neemann, MD, Assistant Professor of Minnesota Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Andrew Badley, MD, Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Stephen Obaro, MD, PhD, Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Kiran Belani, MD DTM&H, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Consultant, Children’s Hospitals of Kari Simonsen, MD, Associate Professor of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Patricio Escalante, MD, MSc, Assistant Professor, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota New Jersey

Alan Lifson, MD, MPH, Professor, University Richard H. Ebright, PhD, Board of Governors, of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey Alexa A. Pragman, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota, Bruce Fisher, MD, Clinical Professor of Minneapolis, Minnesota Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey Missouri Sandra Palleja, MD, Physician, Independent, Daniel Hoft, MD, PhD, Professor and Director, Bridgewater, New Jersey Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Mukul Patel, PhD, Senior Research Scientist, Missouri Hep ID, LLC, Edison, New Jersey

Frederick Kuhlmann, MD, Instructor in Lee Reichman, MD, MPH, Professor of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Missouri Newark, New Jersey

Carole McArthur, MD, PhD, Professor, Kelly Speich, MD, Physician, Cooper Medical University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas School of Rowan University, Camden, New City, Missouri Jersey

Nebraska New Mexico

Aileen Aldrich, MD, Pediatric Infectious Joel Gallant, MD, Medical Director of Specialty Diseases Fellow, University of Nebraska Services, Southwest CARE Center, Santa Fe, Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska New Mexico

Bruce Williams, MD, Professor, University of Ruby Fayorsey, MD, MPH, Associate Research New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico Scientist, Columbia University, New York, New York New York Marc Foca, MD, Associate Professor of Judith Aberg, MD, George Baehr Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount New York, New York Sinai, New York, New York Ross Hill, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Elaine Abrams, MD, Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Emeritus, SUNY Downstate Medical Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, Center and Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York New York

Victor Sta. Ana, MD, Family Physician, Institute Bruce Hirsch, MD, Assistant Professor of for Family Health, New York, New York Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New Anjoli Anand, MD, MPH, Attending Physician, York Mount Sinai St Luke's-Mount Sinai West, New Yael Hirsch-Moverman, PhD, MPH, Assistant York City, New York Professor in Epidemiology, Mailman School of Makini Chisolm-Straker, MD, MPH, Assistant Public Health at Columbia University, New Professor of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School York, New York of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New Andrea Howard, MD, MS, Associate Professor York of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Eric Cioe-Pena, MD, MPH, Director of Global Health Columbia University, New York, New York Health, Northwell Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York Jessica Justman, MD, Associate Professor of Michael Cynamon, MD, Infectious Disease Medicine in Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York Physician, VA Medical Center, Syracuse, New York Michael Keefer, MD, Professor of Medicine, Felicia Dworkin, MD, Deputy Director, Medical University of Rochester School of Medicine & Affairs, Bureau of TB Control, New York City Dentistry, Rochester, New York Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, Robert Lenox, MD, Medical Director of Queens, New York Onondaga County Health Department TB Tanya Ellman, MD, MS, Instructor in Clinical Clinic, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York Walter Ian Lipkin, MD, Director, Center for Wafaa El-Sadr, MD, Professor of Epidemiology Infection and Immunity, and John Snow Professor of Epidemiology, Columbia and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, University, New York, New York New York

Joel Ernst, MD, Professor, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

Theresa Mack, MD, MPH, Medical Director, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, Mt. Sinai Doctors Faculty Practice, New York, New York New York North Carolina Luis Marcos, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Stony Brook University, Laura Bachmann, MD, MPH, Professor, Wake Stony Brook, New York Forest University Health Sciences, Winston- Salem, North Carolina Andy Miller, MD, Assistant Attending Physician, Hospital for Special Surgery, New Abby Bender, MD, Family Medicine York, New York Practitioner, Piedmont Health Services, Durham, North Carolina Sharon Nachman, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York Myron S. Cohen, MD, Director, University of North Carolina Institute for Global Health and Georgina Osorio, MD, MPH, Assistant Infectious Diseases, The University of North Professor in Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North New York Carolina

Lucy B. Palmer, MD, Associate Professor, Robert Comer, MD, Infectious Disease Stony Brook University SUNY, Stony Brook, Physician, Cone Health, Winston-Salem, North New York Carolina

Miriam Rabkin, MD, MPH, Associate Professor Coleen Cunningham, MD, Professor of of Medicine & Epidemiology, Columbia Pediatrics, Vice-Chair Research, Duke University Mailman School of Public Health, University Medical Center, Durham, North New York, New York Carolina

Bruce Rector, MD, Co-Chair DFA PVAC, William G. Gardner, MD, Faculty Member, Private, New York, New York Southern Regional AHEC, Duke Family Medicine Residency, Fayetteville, North Beth Rubenstein, PhD, MPH, MBA, Senior Carolina Research Associate, Columbia University, New York, New York Jeff Hatcher, MD, FACP, Medical Director of Regional Center for Infectious Disease, Cone Sarah Schlesinger, MD, Senior Attending Health, Greensboro, North Carolina Physician, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York Christopher Hurt, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of North Carolina Institute Neil Schluger, MD, Professor of Medicine, for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York Chapel Hill, North Carolina

William Valenti, MD, Senior Vice-President, Samuel Katz, MD, Professor & Chair Emeritus, Trillium Health, Rochester, New York Duke University Medical School, Durham, Geoffrey Weinberg, MD, Professor of Pediatrics North Carolina in Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester

David Margolis, MD, Professor of Medicine, Oregon UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Richard Bryant, MD, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Julie Nelson, MD, Assistant Professor, Portland, Oregon University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina James E. Leggett, MD, Physician, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health & Michelle Ogle, MD, Medical Director, Warren- Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Vance Community Health Center, Inc., Henderson, North Carolina David Lewinsohn, MD, PhD, Professor, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon David Piet, MA, MPH, Consultant and Retired FSO from USAID, Pittsboro, North Carolina Melissa Nyendak, MD, MHS, Associate Professor of Medicine, Oregon Health & Cheryl Stroud, DVM, PhD, Executive Director, Science University, Portland, Oregon One Health Commission, Apex, North Carolina Pennsylvania Ronald Swanstrom, MD, Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Erika Aaron, MD, Assistant Professor, Drexel North Carolina University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ohio Carlos Diazgranados, MD, Senior Director Barbara Gripshover, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Pennsylvania Cleveland, Ohio Marla Gold, MD, Dean Emerita, Drexel Michael Lederman, MD, Professor of Medicine, University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio Robert Gross, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Gary Richardson, MSW, ACSW, LAPSW, Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Government, Painesville, Ohio Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Mark Rood, MD, Family Medicine Research Parvathi Kumar, MBBS FAAP, Pediatric Fellow, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Infectious Disease, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania Paul Spearman, MD, Director, Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital John McGinniss, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Care Fellow, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Oklahoma Liliane Min, MD, Physician, Bryn Mawr Douglas A. Drevets, MD, DTM&H, FIDSA, Medical Specialists Association, Bryn Mawr, Professor and Chief, Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Michael Sofia, MD, Chief Scientific Officer, Timothy Minniear, MD, Pediatrician, Arbutus Biopharma, Inc., Doylestown, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Pennsylvania Tennessee

Kathleen Squires, MD, Professor of Medicine Anna Person, MD, Assistant Professor of and Director, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Center, Nashville, Tennessee Pennsylvania Susannah Spero, MSN (RN/FNP) Candidate, Puerto Rico Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee William Rodriguez, MD, Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Puerto Rico School Timothy Sterling, MD, David E. Rogers of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Rhode Island Sten H. Vermund, MD, Director, Vanderbilt E. Jane Carter, MD, Associate Professor of Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode University Medical Center, Nashville, Island Tennessee

Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH, Professor of Texas Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Veronica Brito, MD, Physician, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas Gail Skowron, MD, President, Infectious Disease Management Partners, Tufts University Scott Evans, MD, Associate Professor, School of Medicine, West Greenwich, Rhode University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Island Center, Houston, Texas

South Carolina George Samuel, MD, CM, MSc., Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of North James McTigue, PhD, Epidemiology, Chief Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, Scientist USPHS Office of Surgeon General Texas (Retired), US Public Health Service and University of South Carolina School of Public Jeffrey Starke, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Health, Columbia, South Carolina Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

Tennessee Linda Yancey, MD, Physician, West Houston Infectious Disease, Houston, Texas Natasha Halasa, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee Utah

Paul Jacob, MD, MPH, Clinical Fellow, Harry Rosado-Santos, MD, Associate Professor, Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Nashville, Tennessee Lake City, Utah

Emily Thorell, MD, MSCI , Director, David Wheeler, MD, Managing Partner, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and Infectious Diseases Physicians, Inc., Annandale, Assistant Professor Pediatric Infectious Virginia Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Washington

Vermont Benjamin Anderson, MD, Professor of Surgery and Global Health Medicine, University of Jeffrey R. Stall, MD, Senior Physician, Washington, Seattle, Washington Castleton Family Health Center, Bomoseen, Vermont Jared Baeten, MD, PhD, Professor and Vice Chair, University of Washington, Seattle, Virginia Washington

Muluken Aseresa, MD, MPH, Senior Technical Ruanne Barnabas, MBChB, Assistant Professor, Advisor for TB and HIV/AIDS, Management University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia Stephen Bezruchka, MD, MPH, Senior Lecturer, Rebecca Dillingham, MD, MPH, Associate Departments of Global Health & Health Professor, University of Virginia, Services,, University of Washington, Seattle, Charlottesville, Virginia Washington

Richard L. Guerrant, MD, Thomas H. Hunter Frederick Buckner, MD, Professor, University Professor of International Medicine and of Washington, Seattle, Washington Founding Director Center for Global Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Monica Campo, MD, MPH, Acting Assistant Charlottesville, Virginia Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Ronald Karpick, MD, Inaugural President, National Society of TB Clinicians, Falls Church, Corey Casper, MD, MPH, Founding Director, Virginia Program in Global Oncology and Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Antonia Kwiecien, Bachelor of Science Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, (Pharmacy), Senior Technical Advisor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Management Sciences for Health, Alexandria, Virginia Connie Celum, MD, Professor of Global Health & Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Christopher Moore, MD, Associate Professor, Washington University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Michael Chung, MD, MPH, Associate Stephanie Mullen, Senior M&E Advisor, John Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Snow Inc., Arlington, Virginia Washington

Kelly Thibert, DO, MPH, National AMSA James Cowan, MD, MPH, MBA, Acting President, American Medical Student Instructor, University of Washington, Seattle, Association, Sterling, Virginia Washington

Karen D. Cowgill, PhD, MSc, Assistant Rachel Bender Ignacio, MD, MPH, Instructor Professor of Epidemiology, University of and Attending Physician, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington

Kristina Crothers, MD, Professor of Medicine, David Katz, MD, Instructor, University of University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington

Alison Drake, PhD, Assistant Professor, Roxanne Kerani, PhD, Research Assistant University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Kristie Ebi, PhD, Professor, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Mari Kitahata, MD, MPH, Professor and Seattle, Washington Director of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Carey Farquhar, MD, MPH, Professor, Associate Chair, University of Washington, David Koelle, MD, Professor, University of Seattle, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington

Nicole Frahm, MD, Associate Member, Fred Pamela Kohler, PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Washington Sylvia LaCourse, MD, MPH, Acting Instructor, David Fredricks, MD, Professor, University of University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington W. Conrad Liles, MD, PhD, Associate Chair and Adam Geballe, MD, Professor, Fred Hutchinson Professor of Medicine, University of Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington

Lorenzo Giacani, PhD, Assistant Professor, Jennifer Lund, PhD, Associate Member & University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Professor, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Virginia Gonzales, MSW, MPH, EdD, Senior Washington Lecturer, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington John Lynch, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Geoffrey S. Gottlieb, MD, PhD, Professor, Washington University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Raymond Scott McClelland, MD, MPH, Simon Hay, DSc., Professor, Department of Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Seattle, Washington

Joshua Hill, MD, Acting Assistant Professor, Mary Anne Mercer, DrPH, Senior Lecturer, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington University of Washington, Seattle, Washington James I. Mullins, PhD, Professor, University of Kevin Hybiske, PhD, Assistant Professor, Washington, Seattle, Washington University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Holly Novack, MD, Resident Physician, Jennifer Slyker, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Kayode K. Ojo, PhD, Research Assistant David Smith, PhD, Professor of Global Health, Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Institute for Health Metrics & Evaluation, Washington Seattle, Washington

Rena Patel, MD, MPH, Instructor, University of Joanne Stekler, MD, Associate Professor of Washington, Seattle, Washington Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Steven Pergam, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Pat Totten, PhD, Research Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Lucy A. Perrone, MSPH, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, T Tony Trinh, MD, MPH, Infectious Diseases Washington Consultant, Polyclinic, Seattle, Washington

James Pfeiffer, PhD, Professor, University of Marvin Turck, MD, Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington

Paul Pottinger, MD, Associate Professor of Wesley C. Van Voorhis, MD, PhD, Chief Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Washington, Seattle, Washington Director, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Meena Ramchandani, MD, Acting Instructor, Seattle, Washington University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Brad Wagenaar, PhD, Acting Instructor, Alison Roxby, MD, MSc, Assistant Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Anna Wald, MD, Professor, University of Marla Salmon, ScD, MS, BSN, BA, Professor, Washington, Seattle, Washington Nursing and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Judd Walson, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Christopher Sanford, MD, MPH, DTM&H, Associate Professor, Family Medicine, Global Judith N. Wasserheit, MD, MPH, Professor & Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Chair, Department of Global Health, Professor Washington of Medicine

John Scott, MD, MSc, Associate Professor, Beth Shoshana Zha, MD, PhD, University of University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Washington, Seattle, Washington

Chetan Seshadri, MD, Assistant Professor, West Virginia University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Judith Feinberg, MD, Professor of Medicine, Javeed Shah, MD, Assistant Professor, West Virginia University School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Morgantown, West Virginia

Melanie Fisher, MD, Professor of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia

Wisconsin

Carlos E. Figueroa Castro, MD, Assistant Professor, Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

James Conway, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Toi Pedrick, DVM, Director, Citizen, Madison, Wisconsin

James M. Sosman, MD, Professor of Medicine and Infectious Disease, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin