Quand La Nominalisation Envahit La Subordination
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Incomplete Events, Intensionality, and Imperfective Aspect
SANDRO ZUCCHI INCOMPLETE EVENTS, INTENSIONALITY AND IMPERFECTIVE ASPECT* I discuss two competing theories of the progressive: the theory proposed in Parsons (1980, 1985, 1989, 1990) and the theory proposed in Landman (1992). These theories differ in more than one way. Landman regards the progressive as an intensional operator, while Parsons doesn’t. Moreover, Landman and Parsons disagree on what uninflected predicates denote. For Landman, cross the street has in its denotation complete events of crossing the street; the aspectual contribution of English simple past (perfective aspect) is the identity function. For Parsons, both complete and incom- plete events of crossing the street can be in the denotation of the base VP; perfective aspect restricts its denotation to the events that culminate. I present a version of Parsons’s theory that avoids the problems raised by Landman, in particular the problem posed for Parsons by creation verbs. The repaired version and Landman’s theory still differ in the way they analyze uninflected predicates. I present evidence from Slavic languages that both theories are needed. Finally, I discuss some evidence that may favor one or the other approach to the semantics of the English progressive. 1. THE P ROBLEM OF I NDIRECT A CCESS In the study of tense and aspect, one runs into statements of the following sort: ‘Carnap flew to the moon’ is true iff ‘Carnap fly to the moon’ is true relative to some time t < now. If ‘Terry build a house’ is true relative to an interval i, there is no proper subinterval of i relative to which ‘Terry build a house’ is true. -
A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect
Structuring Events A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect Susan Rothstein Structuring Events Explorations in Semantics Series Editor: Susan Rothstein Editorial Board Ruth Kempson, King’s College London Angelika Kratzer, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Manfred Krifka, Humboldt University; Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS), Berlin Fred Landman, Tel Aviv University Luigi Rizzi, University of Siena Robert Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute of Technology This exciting series features important new research by leading scholars in the field of semantics. Each volume focuses on a topic or topics central to the field, including dynamic semantics, aspect, focus, anaphora, and type-shifting, and offers a pedagogical component designed to introduce the topics addressed and situate the new research in the context of the field and previous research. The presentational style emphasizes student accessibility without compromising the sophistication of the research involved. Explorations in Semantics is an excellent series for students and researchers in the field, as well as scholars in adjacent areas such as syntax, philosophy of language, and computational linguistics. 1 Compositionality in Formal Semantics: Selected Papers of Barbara H. Partee Barbara H. Partee 2 Structuring Events: A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect Susan Rothstein 3 Indefinites and the Type of Sets Fred Landman 4 Focus Sensitivity: Semantics and Pragmatics David Beaver and Brady Clark 5 The Proper Treatment of Events Fritz Hamm and Michiel van Lambalgen Structuring Events A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect Susan Rothstein © 2004 by Susan Rothstein 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148–5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Susan Rothstein to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. -
Indefinites and the Type of Sets
Indefinites and the Type of Sets Fred Landman Indefinites and the Type of Sets Explorations in Semantics Series Editor: Susan Rothstein Editorial Board Ruth Kempson, King’s College London Angelika Kratzer, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Manfred Krifka, Humboldt University; Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS), Berlin Fred Landman, Tel Aviv University Luigi Rizzi, University of Siena Robert Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute of Technology This exciting series features important new research by leading scholars in the field of semantics. Each volume focuses on a topic or topics central to the field, including dynamic semantics, aspect, focus, anaphora, and type-shifting, and offers a pedagogical component designed to introduce the topics addressed and situate the new research in the context of the field and previous research. The presentational style emphasizes student accessibility without compromising the sophistication of the research involved. Explorations in Semantics is an excellent series for students and researchers in the field, as well as scholars in adjacent areas such as syntax, philosophy of language, and computational linguistics. 1 Compositionality in Formal Semantics: Selected Papers of Barbara H. Partee Barbara H. Partee 2 Structuring Events: A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect Susan Rothstein 3 Indefinites and the Type of Sets Fred Landman 4 Focus Sensitivity: Semantics and Pragmatics David Beaver and Brady Clark 5 The Proper Treatment of Events Fritz Hamm and Michiel van Lambalgen Indefinites and the Type of Sets Fred Landman © 2004 by Fred Landman 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Fred Landman to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. -
Updated: August 19Th, 2020 1 | Page Daphna Heller: Curriculum Vitae A. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION 1. PERSONAL Daphna Heller 100 S
Updated: August 19th, 2020 Daphna Heller: Curriculum Vitae A. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION 1. PERSONAL Daphna Heller 100 St. George St., Room 4088 Toronto, ON M5S 3G3 2. DEGREES Ph.D, 2005 Linguistics, Rutgers. Thesis: Identity and Information: Semantic and Pragmatic Aspects of Specificational Sentences. Supervisor: Veneeta Dayal. M.A. 1999 Linguistics, Tel Aviv University. Summa Cum Laude Thesis: The Syntax and Semantics of Specificational Pseudoclefts in Hebrew. Supervisors: Fred Landman (Tel Aviv University) Susan Rothstein (Bar Ilan University) B.A. 1996 Linguistics & Arabic Language and Literature, Tel Aviv University. Magna Cum Laude 3. EMPLOYMENT 2014- Associate Professor of Linguistics, University of Toronto. 2009-2014 Assistant Professor of Linguistics, University of Toronto. 2008-2009 Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto. Supervisor: Craig G. Chambers 2007-2008 Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester. Supervisor: Jeffery T. Runner 2004-2007 Post-doctoral Fellow, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester. Supervisor: Michael K. Tanenhaus VISITING POSITIONS 2015-2016 Visiting scholar, Department of Psychology, IDC Herzliya, Israel. 4. HONOURS 1995 Academic Excellence Award commemorating fallen Israeli soldiers, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 1995 Cited on the Dean’s list for academic achievements, Tel Aviv University, Israel. 5. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS AND ACTIVITIES 2008- Member of the Linguistic Society of America 1 | P a g e -
Iceberg Semantics for Count Nouns and Mass Nouns: Classifiers, Measures and Portions
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication Volume 11 Number: Cognitive, Semantic and Crosslinguistic Approaches Article 6 2016 Iceberg Semantics For Count Nouns And Mass Nouns: Classifiers, measures and portions Fred Landman Tel Aviv University, Israel Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/biyclc Part of the Semantics and Pragmatics Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Landman, Fred (2016) "Iceberg Semantics For Count Nouns And Mass Nouns: Classifiers, measures and portions," Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication: Vol. 11. https://doi.org/ 10.4148/1944-3676.1107 This Proceeding of the Symposium for Cognition, Logic and Communication is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Iceberg Semantics 2 The Baltic International Yearbook of called the body) a base set, a set that generates the body under the Cognition, Logic and Communication sum operation ⊔. For count nouns, the base is the set in terms of which the members of the body are counted and to which distribu- December 2016 Volume 11: Number: Cognitive, Semantic and tion takes place. In Iceberg semantics, what allows countingto be Crosslinguistic Approaches correct is the requirement on the interpretations of count nouns that the base of their interpretation is (contextually) disjoint. pages 1-48 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/1944-3676.1107 Already at this level we see two salient properties of Iceberg semantics: FRED LANDMAN - Atoms and atomicity play no role in the theory, so we can Tel Aviv University assume an unsorted interpretation domain for mass nouns and count nouns. -
Grosu and Landman 1998
ALEXANDER GROSU AND FRED LANDMAN STRANGE RELATIVES OF THE THIRD KIND* In this paper, we argue that there are more kinds of relative clause constructions between the linguistic heaven and earth than are dreamed of in the classical lore, which distinguishes just restrictive relative clauses and appositives. We start with degree relatives. Degree, or amount, relatives show restrictions in the relativizers they allow, in the determiners that can combine with them, and in their stacking possibilities. To account for these facts, we propose an analysis with two central, and novel, features: First, we argue that the standard notion of degree (a number on a measuring scale) needs to be replaced by a notion of structured degree, which keeps track of the object measured. Second, we argue that at the CP-level of degree relatives an operation of (degree) maximalization takes place. We show that the observed facts concerning degree relatives follow from these assumptions. We then broaden the discussion to other relative clause constructions. We propose that the operation of maximalization takes place in relative clauses when the head noun is semantically interpreted CP- internally, while syntactically the CP is part of a DP that also contains CP-external material. Based on this, we argue that degree relatives form part of a linguistically coherent class of relative clause constructions – we call them maximalizing relatives – which all show restrictions similar to those observed for degree relatives, and which differ semantically (and often also syntactically) both from restrictive relative clauses and from appositives. We discuss free relatives, internally-headed relatives, and cor- relatives. -
Amount Relatives
AMOUNT RELATIVES Alexander Grosu and Fred Landman Department of Linguistics, Tel Aviv University [email protected], [email protected] word count (excluding abstract): 23,113 Abstract We introduce amount relatives by discussing three types of relatives: those with a lexically realized amount head (d-headed relatives); those without such a head, but with an amount interpretation (d-interpreted relatives); and relatives with an individual interpretation, but with the gap in a position that does not support an individual variable (ep-relatives). We discuss in some depth several diagnostic tests - proposed in and modified from Carlson 1977a - which distinguish these types of relatives from ordinary restricted relatives. We argue that together these tests justify Carlson's claim that these constructions need to be treated as a coherent subtype of relative clauses, amount relatives. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of earlier proposals for the syntax and semantics of amount relatives (Carlson 1977a, Heim 1987, Grosu and Landman 1998), and then provide a syntax and semantics for the three types of amount relatives (extending and modifying the analysis of ep-relatives in Grosu and Landman 1998, and providing detailed analyses of d-headed and d-interpreted relatives, which were barely touched on in Grosu and Landman 1998). This analysis covers more types of constructions than that in Grosu and Landman 1998, addresses a broader set of data, and links the syntax and semantics of amount relatives to recent thinking on syntactic and semantic heads in measure and classifier constructions. In an appendix we discuss the complexities arising when the gap of the amount relative is in a modal context (including problems relating to issues of relative-internal interpretation of relative-external material). -
A Quantificational Disclosure Approach to Japanese and Korean Internally-Headed Relatives
A QUANTIFICATIONAL DISCLOSURE APPROACH TO JAPANESE AND KOREAN INTERNALLY-HEADED RELATIVES Alexander Grosu Fred Landman Linguistics Department Tel Aviv University ABSTRACT Grosu 2010 (JEAL 19:231-274) argues against analyses of Japanese and Korean internally headed relative clauses in terms of discourse anaphora, and in favor of an analysis which postulates a functional category ChR in the syntax of these constructions, the semantics of which allows quantificational disclosure. The present paper constitutes a follow-up on Grosu, with the inter-related goals of (i) strengthening Grosu’s arguments against discourse anaphora approaches and in favor of a grammar-based quantificational disclosure approach, (ii) improving substantively on the syntactic and semantic characterization of the functional category ChR (Choose Role), and (iii) justifying the introduction of additional mechanisms that render that analysis adequate with respect to a substantially wider set of data types. The proposals made in the present paper strengthen Grosu’s central thesis, which is that, despite undeniable partial similarities to discourse anaphora, Japanese and Korean internally-headed relatives are bona fide relatives. The paper shows the semantic fruitfulness of this analysis by discussing a series of examples of increasing semantic complexity, and by arguing that Japanese and Korean internally-headed relatives provide striking evidence for a semantic scope mechanism that has been independently discussed in the context of the semantics of plurality and cumulative