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Lyx's Figure, Table, Floats, Notes, and Boxes Manual AQUASAINS (Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Sumberdaya Perairan) (Vol 9 No. 2 Tahun 2021) DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF GASTROPODS IN KAWAL AND PENGUDANG BEACH, BINTAN REGENCY Nisha Desfi Arianti1 · Mey Krisselni Sitompul1 Ringkasan Kawal Beach and Pengudang ach and 1564 ind/m2 for Pengudang Beach are sandy beaches located in Bint- Beach. Diversity of gastropods species an Regency, Kepualauan Riau Provin- are (H’) 1,83; (E) 0,5; and (C) 0,3 for ce. The two beaches have almost si- Kawal Beach, (H’) 2,55; (E) 0,7; and milar activities, is there are fishermen (C) 0,1 for Pengudang Beach. Bray- settlements. The difference is that Ka- Curtis similarity shown is PK1-PP1=0,33; wal Beach is located around beach to- PK2-PP2 = 0,34; and PK3-PP3 = 0,15. urism activities, while Pengudang Be- This study is important in providing in- ach has no beach tourism activities. The formation on gastropods that live in the purpose of this study was to unders- Kawal dan Pengudang beach. For fu- tand how diversity and abundance gas- ture research should focus on temporal tropods in Kawal and Pengudang bea- research in more depth to provide kno- ch, then the similarity-based Bray-Curtis wledge of gastropods communities and similarity in both locations. The me- their ecological importance. thod of determining the research loca- tion at Kawal Beach and Pengudang Keywords abundance, Bintan island, diver- Beach is purposive sampling. The gas- sity, dominance, tropod samples were collecting use tran- sect with a quadrat of 1 m2 at the lo- west tide zone along 100 meters towa- PENDAHULUAN rd the sea. They were taken by hand then put into a labeled zip lock plas- Pantai Kawal dan Pengudang adalah pan- tic. Samples were then identified, docu- tai berpasir yang terletak di Kabupaten mented and their diversity and abun- Bintan, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Ke- dance were calculated. A total of 42 dua pantai tersebut dipengaruhi oleh pa- species of gastropods were identified sang surut air laut. Pada saat air su- belonging to 15 families with an abun- rut, dasar pantai bisa menjadi sangat dance index 3433 ind/m2 for Kawal Be- kering. Tarikan gravitasi bulan dan ma- tahari menyebabkan pasang naik dan 1) Universitas Karimun Jl. Canggai Putri, Kecamatan Tebing, Kabupaten Karimun turun setiap 6 jam di sebagian besar E-mail: nishadesfi[email protected] wilayah pesisir. Organisme yang hidup 950 Nisha Desfi Arianti1, Mey Krisselni Sitompul1 di zona ini harus mampu menghinda- berkembang dengan baik, dilengkapi de- ri tersapu oleh gelombang dan harus ngan tentakel dan mata. menghadapi tenggelam saat air pasang. Gastropoda sensitif terhadap perubah- Mereka juga harus bertahan hidup da- an lingkungan dan dikategorikan seba- ri perubahan tingkat salinitas saat huj- gai kelompok organisme fakultatif yang an. Untuk mengatasi tekanan gelom- dapat bertahan hidup dalam perubah- bang, sebagian besar organisme inter- an lingkungan yang sederhana. Kelim- tidal berpegangan pada sesuatu (beba- pahan dan keanekaragaman gastropo- tuan), membenamkan diri, atau bersem- da laut dipengaruhi oleh faktor biotik bunyi di cangkang pelindung. dan abiotik seperti kondisi lingkung- an, ketersediaan pangan, predasi pre- dator, dan pemukiman. Menurut pene- Pantai Kawal memiliki aktivitas wisata litian sebelumnya, derajat paparan aksi dan Pantai Pengudang memiliki akti- gelombang (Crowe et al., 2000; McQu- vitas lokal seperti mengumpulkan mo- aid and Lindsay, 2000; Zamprogno et al., luska. Pantai Kawal berada di sekitar 2012), variasi suhu (Harley et al., 2006), kawasan wisata dan Pantai Pengudang topografi pesisir (Crowe et al., 2000; merupakan kawasan nelayan pengum- Sorensen, 2012), kandungan organik da- pul moluska. Asumsi bahwa aktivitas lam sedimen (Arruda and Amaral, 2003; di sekitar pantai sedikit banyak akan Snelgrove and Butman, 1995), preda- mempengaruhi komponen-komponen yang si (Moerland et al., 2016; Morton and ada di perairan tersebut. Perubahan sa- Blackmore, 2009) dan gangguan ma- lah satu komponen di perairan akan ber- nusia (Deepananda and Macusi, 2013) pengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan merupakan beberapa parameter yang mem- kelimpahan biota di dalamnya. Peru- pengaruhi distribusi organisme pantai bahan struktur Gastropoda dapat ber- berbatu. Nassarius pullus dan Anada- upa keanekaragaman, kelimpahan, dll. ra uropigimelana merupakan sebagian Penilaian kualitas air dapat dilakukan spesies yang memiliki distribusi yang dengan 3 (tiga) cara yaitu analisis fisik, luas yang berpotensi di jadikan indika- analisis kimiawi, dan analisis biologi. tor biologis dalam penelitian mengenai Analisis biologi yang biasa digunakan adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim untuk memberikan gambaran kondisi secara mendalam. perairan adalah melihat struktur komu- nitas bentik. Salah satu komunitas he- Beberapa kasus pemanenan gastropo- wan bentik yang dapat digunakan se- da untuk dikonsumsi banyak terjadi di bagai bioindikator di dalam air adalah beberapa daerah seperti di Pantai Na- Gastropoda. Gastropoda merupakan sa- sese Kepulauan Fuji (Suratissa and Ra- lah satu moluska yang menyusun ko- thnayake, 2017) hal ini memungkink- munitas bentik di perairan yang berge- an akan menimbulkan bahaya jika ak- rak menggunakan otot perut, mengala- tivitas ini terus menerus dilakukan tan- mi torsi dan sistem cangkang, bentuk pa adanya kebijakan yang mengatur. Per- cangkangnya kerucut bengkok. Badan aturan pemanenan pada ukuran terten- gastropoda sangat bervariasi dalam ben- tu terhadap kerang dan gastropoda yang tuk dan ukurannya. Gastropoda memi- akan melakukan pembenihan sangat di- liki cangkang berulir tunggal, kepala perlukan untuk keberlanjutan stok pe- Diversity and abudance gastropods Bintan 951 manenan. Filipina dianggap sebagai Ne- pu memberikan tempat berlindung (ce- gara yang sangat beragam dalam hal lah bebatuan / dibawah bebatuan). moluska, akan tetapi penelitian tentang Namun meskipun semua penelitian ter- keanekaragaman moluska di Pulau Min- sebut difokuskan pada keanekaragman danao masih sangat sedikit (Jumawan gastropoda, tetap menjadi tantangan uta- et al., 2015). ma untuk dikaji. Karena perubahan iklim Hal lain yang mempengaruhi keaneka- terus terjadi di bumi dan masing-masing ragaman hayati adalah pencemaran mi- daerah memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda- nyak dari buangan kapal dapat meng- beda sesuai dengan aktivitas yang ter- ancam moluska dan fauna lainnya. Pem- dapat dilokasi penelitian. Saat ini pe- buangan limbah (minyak) secara terus nulis tertarik menlakukan kajian atau menerus dapat mempengaruhi keane- penelitian di Pantai Kawal dan Pantai karagaman hayati, mempengaruhi ke- Pengudang. Karena secara lokasi, pan- sehatan penduduk, dan berpotensi un- tai ini sama-sama berada di Kabupa- tuk ekowisata (Dolorosa and Dangan- ten Bintan, tetapi memiliki karakteris- Galon, 2014). Hal ini dapat mengindi- tik yang berbeda. Penulis melakukan kasikan status pencemaran habitat. Di kajian mengenai keanekaragaman dan sisi lain, gastopoda memang model yang kelimpahan pada kedua pantai tersebut baik untuk menemukan pencemaran yang dengan harapan dapat menjadi infor- terjadi di laut karena variasi pencemar- masi dalam menentukan kebijakan pe- an akan tercermin pada bentuk cang- lestarian lingkungan di kedua lokasi. kang (Primost et al., 2015). Pantai Kawal merupakan pantai berba- MATERI DAN METODE tu. Pantai berbatu dikatakan salah sa- tu kawasan yang berbahaya dan rumit Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal di antara ekosistem laut di dunia. Per- 20 Juli hingga 20 Agustus 2020 pada tama, area ini terpapar udara langsung dua pantai di Kabupaten Bintan yaitu pada saat surut, sehingga berdampak pantai Kawal, dan pantai Pengudang (Gam- pada faktor lingkungan lainnya seperti bar 1). Masing-masing lokasi terdiri da- suhu salinitas, pH dan kandungan ok- ri 3 (tiga) stasiun dimulai dari bibir pan- sigen. Selain itu juga, organisme di pan- tai kearah laut. Parameter fisik dan ki- tai berbatu ini akan mendapatkan pe- mia perairan yang diukur meliputi su- ngaruh dari angina kencang dan debur- hu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), dan sali- an ombak, serta efek pengeringan yang nitas. Pengukuran parameter suhu, pH, diakibatkan paparan sinar matahari (Alyak- oksigen terlarut menggunakan multime- rinskaya, 2004; Sorensen, 2012), angin ter (Lovibond Senso Direct), salinitas dan tingginya salinitas serta adanya or- menggunakan Handrefraktometer (Ata- ganisme darat yang bersifat predator, go). hanyalah faktor kondisi lingkungan pen- Pengambilan sampel gastropoda meng- dukung yang tidak dapat diprediksi pa- gunakan transek dengan ukuran kua- da lingkungan ini (Smith, 2013). Ter- drat 1m2, sampel kemudian dimasukk- lepas dari kondisi yang ekstrem terse- an ke dalam plastik ziplock yang te- but, pantai berbatu selalu dipenuhi de- lah diberi label. Sampel gastropoda di- ngan hewan invertebrata karena mam- tempatkan di kotak pendingin sebelum 952 Nisha Desfi Arianti1, Mey Krisselni Sitompul1 Indeks kemiripan spesies Gastropoda diukur menggunakan Bray-Curtis yang menstandarkan metrik Manhattan se- hingga memiliki range dari 0 (similar) hingga 1 (dissimilar) n ∑i=1 jYi j −Yik BC = 100 1 − n (5) ∑i=1 (Yi j −Yik) dimana, B= ukuran ketidaksamaan Bray- Curtis; Yi j-Yik=Jumlah individu dalam spesies i di setiap sampel (j, k); n = Gambar 1 Peta Lokasi Penelitian, Pantai Kawal dan jumlah spesies dalam sampel Pantai Pengudang Kabupaten Bintan dikeluarkan untuk identifikasi. Selan- HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN jutnya, sampel gastropoda diidentifika- si berdasarkan morfologi menggunak- Pantai Kawal memiliki karakteristik ber- an WoRMS (World Register of Mari- pasir
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