Graduate School of Medical Sciences

Cornell University

Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1300 York Avenue New York, New York 10021 Telephone 212/472-5670

1976-77

Cornell University Announcements Volume 68 of the Cornell University Announce­ ments consists of fourteen catalogs, of which this is number 10 dated September 5, 1976. Publication dates: fourteen times a year (four times in August; twice in March, April, and September; once in May, July, October, and November). Publisher: Cornell University, Sheldon Court, 420 College Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14853. Second-class postage paid at Ithaca, New York. 1976-77

Calendar*

Fall Semester Registration Wednesday, September 1 —Friday, September 3 Opening Exercises, 3:00 p.m. Thursday, September 2 Orientation, 9:00 a.m. Friday, September 3 Labor Day, holiday Monday, September 6 Instruction begins for first trimester and fall semester Tuesday, September 7 End of first trimester Wednesday, November 17 Examinations for first trimester Thursday, November 18-Wednesday, November 24 Thanksgiving recess Thursday, November 25 Friday, November 26 Instruction begins for second trimester Monday, November 29 Christmas recess: Instruction suspended, 5:00 p.m. Friday, December 17 Instruction resumed, 9:00 a.m. Monday, January 3, 1977 Last day for completing all requirements for January degrees Friday, January 7 Examination for first semester Monday, January 24-Friday, January 28 Fall semester ends Friday, January 28

Spring Semester Registration Monday, January 31 Instruction begins for spring semester Monday, January 31 End of second trimester Friday, February 25 Examinations for second trimester Monday, February 28-Saturday, March 11 Instruction begins for third trimester Monday, March 14 Spring recess: Instruction suspended, 5:00 p.m. Friday, April 1 Instruction resumed, 9:00 a.m. Monday, April 11 Last day for completing all requirements for May degrees Friday, May 13 Commencement, 3:00 p.m. Wednesday, May 25 Memorial Day, holiday Monday, May 30 End of third trimester and spring semester Friday, June 3 Examinations for third trimester and spring semester Monday, June 6-Wednesday, June 8

Summer Registration for summer research Monday, June 13 Summer research period begins Monday, June 13 Last day for completing all requirements for August degrees Friday, August 19 Summer research period ends Friday, August 26

* Courses in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences are either semestral or trimestral. The calen­ dar for this school is based primarily on the academic semester but is coordinated as well with the trimestral calendar of the Medical College. The dates shown in the calendar are subject to change at any time by official action of Cornell University. In enacting this calendar, the Graduate School of Medical Sciences has scheduled classes on religious holidays. It is the intent of Senate legislation that students missing classes due to the observance of religious holidays be given ample opportunity to make up work. Announcement

Contents

2 Calendar 5 Graduate School of Medical Sciences 5 Purpose and History 5 Facilities 5 Organization of the Graduate School 6 Admission 7 Degree Requirements 9 Tuition and Fees 10 Financial Assistance 10 Student Health Service 11 Fields of Instruction 11 Instruction at the Medical College Division 23 Instruction at the Sloan-Kettering Division 28 Interdivisional Courses 29 Special Programs 33 Register 44 Aerial View of Buildings 46 Index 47 List of Announcements

The courses and curricula described in this Announcement, and the teaching personnel listed herein, are subject to change at any time by official action of Cornell University.

Cornell University

Graduate School of Medical Sciences

Purpose and History versity Medical College in 1912 in cooperation with the Graduate School of Cornell University. The Graduate School of Medical Sciences, a In June of 1950, Cornell University, in associa­ semiautonomous component of the Graduate tion with the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer School of Cornell University, provides an Research, established a new division of the environment for advanced study and research Medical College, the Sloan-Kettering Division, in specific areas of the basic biomedical for the purpose of providing additional oppor­ sciences. Graduate programs leading to the tunities for graduate study in the biomedical degree of Doctor of Philosophy are currently sciences. The resultant expansion of the offered in the Fields of Biochemistry, Biological graduate faculty and facilities on the New York Structure and Cell Biology, Biology, Biomathe­ City campus prompted the organization in matics, Biophysics, Genetics, Microbiology, January 1952 of the Graduate School of Neurobiology and Behavior, Pathology, Pharma­ Medical Sciences which has full responsibility cology, and Physiology. Certain of these for advanced general degrees granted for graduate fields also offer programs leading to study in residence at the New York City campus. the degree of Master of Science. The faculty recommends the award of advanced general Facilities degrees not only as the result of the fulfillment of certain formal academic requirements but The Medical College Division. The buildings of also as evidence of the development and the Medical College extend along York Avenue possession of a critical and creative ability in from Sixty-eighth to Seventieth Streets. They science. Proof of this ability is embodied in a contain the main library, lecture rooms, and dissertation which the candidate presents to study laboratories for the basic science depart­ the faculty as an original research contribution ments, and extensive research facilities for in the area of study. faculty and students. Freedom and independence are key qualities The Sloan-Kettering Division. The facilities of of scholarship, and graduate education at the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Cornell attempts to preserve them for teacher Research consist of the Howard Laboratory and student. Each graduate student is super­ and the Kettering Laboratory on East Sixty- vised by his or her own Special Committee, eighth Street in New York City and the Walker a small group of faculty members selected by Laboratory in Rye, New York. These provide the student. Within the broad framework of lecture and seminar rooms and well-equipped requirements for residence, examinations, and laboratories for biomedical research. thesis, and additional regulations of individual fields, the Cornell graduate student and this Special Committee are completely free to plan Organization a program of study. The Graduate School of Faculty Medical Sciences sets no overall course, credit-hour, or grade requirements. The Special The Graduate School of Medical Sciences is Committee has extraordinary independence in composed of two relatively separate divisions, guiding the student's program, and a student the Medical College Division, consisting prin­ will be recommended for a degree when­ cipally of the professorial staff of the basic ever this committee judges the student qualified. science departments of the Cornell University The opportunity for graduate study leading to Medical College, and the Sloan-Kettering advanced general degrees in the biomedical Division, consisting of the professorial staff of sciences was first offered at the Cornell Uni­ the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research.

Jacob S. Lasdon House, a student apartment residence opened for occupancy in September 1974 6 Admission

Within each of these divisions are fields or Kettering Division. All credentials must be units of graduate instruction formed by faculty received at least two months prior to enroll­ members with similar research and teaching ment, and the complete application with all interests. An individual faculty member may supporting credentials must have been approved elect to affiliate with the one or two fields by the dean at least one month prior to or units in which he or she agrees to sponsor enrollment. graduate students. Inquiries about graduate study should be General Committee addressed to the Associate Dean of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1300 The General Committee of the Graduate School York Avenue, New York, New York 10021 or of Medical Sciences is an administrative board to the Associate Director of the Sloan-Kettering whose membership has responsibility for the Division, 410 East 68th Street, New York, academic affairs of the school. The committee New York 10021. These inquiries are referred considers matters referred to it by members to the appropriate field representative or unit of the faculty and offers recommendations chairperson who then corresponds directly to the faculty on questions involving the in­ with the prospective applicant and sends terests or policies of the Graduate School of pertinent application material. This material Medical Sciences. must be completed and returned to the Office of the Associate Dean together with (1) official The General Committee is composed of the transcripts of records from all colleges and dean and the associate dean of the Graduate universities attended, (2) a statement of purpose School of Medical Sciences, the associate of graduate study, and (3) two letters of director of the Sloan-Kettering Division, one recommendation from individuals in academic elected representative from each of the fields positions who know the applicant professionally. of the Medical College Division and from each In addition, scores from the Graduate Record of the units of the Sloan-Kettering Division, Examinations may be required by individual and two student representatives elected by fields to aid in their evaluation. the graduate student body. The General Com­ mittee approves new fields, reviews the admis­ Application Fee. A nonrefundable charge of sion of students, approves students' major $10 is made for filing an application for admis­ and minor fields, reviews the curriculum of sion. each field, reviews the requirements for degrees, and acts on faculty and student The completed application and all supporting petitions. documents are reviewed by the Field (or Division) Credentials Committee. Applicants The chairperson of the General Committee is considered potentially acceptable are usually the dean, who is the academic administrative called for a personal interview. At the time of officer of the Graduate School of Medical interview, after discussing his or her interests Sciences and is also an associate dean of with the members of the field, the applicant the Graduate School of Cornell University. may tentatively select a major sponsor. If The secretary of the General Committee is the accepted by the field, an application is re­ associate dean, who is also an assistant dean turned to the associate dean who may refer of the Graduate School of Cornell University. it to the General Committee for final review and decision. A student is formally notified Admission of acceptance for study in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences by a letter from the associate dean. Applications It is the policy of Cornell University actively to For admission to the Graduate School of Medical support equality of educational opportunity. Sciences an applicant must (1) have a bacca­ No student shall be denied admission to the laureate degree or the equivalent from a college University or be discriminated against other­ or university of recognized standing, (2) have wise because of race, color, creed, religion, adequate preparation in the chosen field of national or ethnic origin, or sex. study, and (3) show promise of ability to pursue Admission policies are also in conformity with advanced study and research, as judged by the policy of New York State in regard to the his or her previous record. American ideal of equality of opportunity as Candidates may be admitted in September, embodied in the Education Practices Act. February, or July although places in the gradu­ ate programs for February and July may not Categories be available because of prior commitments to applicants for September admission. Appli­ An applicant is accepted by the Graduate cants should correspond with the respective School of Medical Sciences (1) as a degree field representatives in the Medical College candidate for the M.S. or Ph.D., or (2) as a Division or the unit chairpersons of the Sloan- provisional candidate. Degree Requirements 7

Provisional candidacy provides opportunity for serve on a Special Committee. The faculty a prospective degree candidate, whose educa­ member representing the major field usually tional preparation is difficult to evaluate, to advises the student in the other selections begin graduate studies. On the basis of the and serves as chairperson of his or her com­ record of accomplishment in the first half of mittee. At least one member of the committee the academic year, the adviser or temporary must represent a field different from the Special Committee of a provisional candidate candidate's major field. Members may agree to may recommend to the dean that (1) provisional serve temporarily during the candidate's first candidacy be changed to degree candidacy, year of residence until there has been the (2) provisional candidacy be continued for the opportunity to become acquainted with areas remainder of the academic year, or (3) pro­ of research in the fields of his or her choice. visional candidacy be terminated. A maximum On completion of this year of residence, a of one academic year in the status of provisional permanent Special Committee will be formed, candidacy is permitted and credit of a maxi­ the membership of which can be changed mum of one residence unit may be allowed with agreement of all members of the old and on petition, provided there is convincing evi­ newly formed committees and the approval of dence that performance has been of the same the dean. The members of the Special Com­ quality as that required of degree candidates. mittee decide upon the student's program of study and research and judge whether progress toward a degree is satisfactory. After consulting Degree Requirements with the other members, the chairperson of the Special Committee prepares term reports Major and Minor Fields on the candidate for submission to the dean. The members of the committee serve on all A candidate for the degree of Master of Science of the candidate’s examining committees and is required to register for study in one major they approve his or her thesis. and one minor field. Each field will determine whether two or three fields must be repre­ Registration and Course Grades sented on the Special Committee of candidates for the Ph.D. degree. Accordingly, a candidate At the beginning of each term, students are for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is required to register with the dean of the required to register for study in one major and Graduate School of Medical Sciences and to one or two minor fields. At least one of the file a Registration of Courses form indicating minors must be outside the area of the major all courses they will take. A fee of $10 is field. charged for late registration. No student may double-register for an advanced general or The Special Committee professional degree with any other school or college except the Cornell University Medical The general degree requirements of the College. Graduate School of Medical Sciences are Registration is required of those graduate stu­ minimal in order to give maximum flexibility dents who will be engaged in research during in choosing a desirable program of study. the summer. All academic courses of the The student’s program is determined with the University are open to all students of all aid and direction of a Special Committee con­ races, religions, ethnic origins, ages, sexes, sisting of at least three faculty members and political persuasions. No requirement, chosen by the student from those fields that best prerequisite, device, rule or other means shall fit his or her areas of interest. Satisfactory be used by any employee of the University to progress toward a degree is judged by.the encourage, establish, or maintain segregation committee rather than by arbitrary standards on the basis of race, religion, ethnic origin, imposed by the Graduate School of Medical age, sex, or political persuasion in any aca­ Sciences. There are no regulations of the demic course of the University. Faculty of the Graduate School of Medical All courses for which the student registers for Sciences governing the specific content of in­ credit will be entered in the official record. struction, courses, or grades to which the Grades of graduate students are reported as: Special Committee must subscribe, except those Excellent (E), Satisfactory (S), Unsatisfactory imposed by the fields. The committee is the (U), Incomplete (I), Absent (Abs), or Unofficially agent primarily responsible for the candidate's Withdrawn (W). A grade of Incomplete or development as an independent scholar and Absent cannot be changed later than one term scientist. following that in which the course was taken. No later than four weeks after enrollment, a candidate must file a statement of the major Residence and minor fields selected for study, after which the student must choose one member The Faculty of the Graduate School of Medical of the faculty to represent each field and to Sciences regards study in residence as essen­ 8 Degree Requirements

tial. Each candidate for an advanced general Sciences to fulfill the requirements of the M.S. degree is expected to complete the residence degree. No commitment can be made about requirements with reasonable continuity. A stu­ granting residence credit toward the Ph.D. dent must register each term from the time of requirements for previous study in another his or her first registration in the Graduate graduate school until after the candidate has School of Medical Sciences until the student entered into residence at the Graduate School either withdraws or completes a degree unless of Medical Sciences. At that time, the student’s granted a leave of absence. Full-time study for Special Committee may recommend acceptance one-half academic year with satisfactory accom­ of study outside the Graduate School of plishment constitutes one residence unit. Two Medical Sciences to the General Committee, units of residence are the minimal require­ which will determine the number of residence ment for the master's degree and six units are units to be awarded. No credit can be trans­ the minimum for the Ph.D. degree. However, the ferred for study undertaken as an undergraduate time necessary to obtain the degree generally or as a special student even in courses de­ exceeds the minimal requirements. A candi­ signed for graduate students. date for the Ph.D. degree must spend two of the last four units of required residence in A student, who has satisfactorily completed two successive terms on the New York City or the or more academic years of study toward the Ithaca campus of Cornell University. No more degree of M.D. at the Cornell University Medical than seven years may intervene between the College or another accredited medical school time of first registration and the completion in the United States with a curriculum equivalent of all requirements for the doctoral degree. to that of the Cornell University Medical A student must complete all requirements for College, may transfer a maximum of two units the master's degree in four years. of residence credit after passing an evaluation examination administered by a committee The graduate student who participates in teach­ appointed by the General Committee of the ing or assists in research qualifies for full Graduate School of Medical Sciences. residence credit only if these duties are in the field of the major subject and do not require Summer Research more than twenty hours per week. Part-time graduate study, if it is necessitated by off- Registration is required for the summer research campus employment noncontributory to the period whether or not this effort is to be major field of study, is not encouraged. Requests credited toward residence unit accumulation. for part-time study must be reviewed by the Students registered for summer research pay a General Committee. If permission is granted prorated tuition only if they are obtaining resi­ for part-time study, the student must be in dence credit. No degree candidate, however, residence at least half-time. is eligible for more than two residence units in The legislation with respect to eligibility of any period of twelve consecutive months. part-time students for residence units is as follows: Study in Absentia

A candidate for the degree of Ph.D. may petition Employment Residence Units Allowable Per for permission to earn residence units for study Half Academic Year away from Cornell University while regularly registered in the Graduate School of Medical Total clock Contributory Noncon- Off Sciences. A candidate to whom this privilege hours per in major field; tributory; campus has been granted may work temporarily under week on campus on campus the immediate supervision of an individual designated by his or her Special Committee, 0-10 hrs. 1 unit 1 unit % unit but the candidate’s program will continue to be 11-20 hrs. 1 unit % unit % unit directed by the committee. For study in absentia, 21-30 hrs. % unit V4 unit not more than two residence units may be (teaching) earned toward fulfillment of the minimal resi­ % -1 unit dence requirements for the degree of Ph.D. (research) A student given leave for such study must register as a candidate in absentia and pay a * Time spent assisting in research, if it is fee of $75 per semester, and may continue contributory to the major field of study, shall his or her hospitalization insurance by pay­ be credited toward allowance of a full residence ment of the annual premium directly to the unit. Student Accounting Office of Cornell University Medical College. If students in absentia take Transfer of Residence Credit advantage of local privileges such as the use of the library, desk space, Student Health No residence credit will be granted for study Service, hospitalization insurance, and Cornell outside the Graduate School of Medical housing, the fee is $400 per semester. Tuition and Fees 9

Leave of Absence languages beyond the requirements of the fields listed in this Announcement. A candidate who finds it necessary to interrupt the continuity of his or her residence must Examinations in foreign languages will be petition the dean for an official leave of absence. administered by the Office of the Dean at the This written petition must specify the term of beginning of each term. As an alternative to absence, state the reason for the requested this examination, the candidate may demon­ leave of absence, and be approved by the stu­ strate proficiency by passing the reading part dent's Special Committee. of the language qualification tests administered by the College Entrance Examination Board. A candidate who will not be in residence but will return to the Graduate School of Medical Theses Sciences to present and defend a thesis at the final examination, having completed all A principal requirement for both the M.S. and requirements for a degree except for the final the Ph.D. degrees is the presentation of a examination, must petition for a leave of thesis constituting an imaginative contribution absence. to knowledge. Ordinarily, the thesis is written On return to the Graduate School of Medical on a research topic in the candidate’s major Sciences for the final examination, the candidate field of study, under the direction of the chair­ will register as a Candidate for Degree Only person of his or her Special Committee. The and will pay a fee of $35. faculty requires that the Ph.D. thesis be pub­ lished in abstract and be recorded on micro­ Examinations film.

Three examinations are required by the Faculty of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences: Tuition and Fees (1) final examination for the M.S. degree, (2) examination for admission to doctoral candi­ Tuition for a student regularly matriculated in dacy, and (3) final examination for the Ph.D. the Graduate School of Medical Sciences is degree. Examinations are administered by an $4750 for the academic year and is payable Examining Committee consisting of a chair­ in either two or three equal parts, the first of person appointed by the dean, the members of which is due at initial registration. Tuition the candidate’s Special Committee, and, in includes fees for matriculation, hospitalization fields that so specify, other members of the insurance, graduation, and miscellaneous thesis faculty of the Graduate School of Medical expenses. Sciences and outside examiners designated by the field. In addition to these examinations, the A special tuition rate of $400 per semester will candidate’s major field may require a qualify­ apply to graduate students who have satis­ ing examination as part of its evaluation of the factorily completed eight or more semesters of candidate after two units of residence have graduate study at Cornell in the same doctoral been completed. program, who have no financial support or aid from the University, who have passed their For the M.S. degree the final examination may Admission to Candidacy Examination, and who be oral or both oral and written. are not taking courses or making use of class­ For the Ph.D. degree the Admission to Candi­ room or laboratory facilities. dacy Examination is both oral and written and certifies that the student is eligible to present A graduate student registered for study in a thesis to the Faculty of the Graduate School absentia pays a fee of $75 per semester. of Medical Sciences. The examination may If students in absentia take advantage of local not be taken until two units of residence credit privileges such as the use of the library, desk have been accumulated; a minimum of two space, Student Health Service, hospitalization units of residence credit is required after pass­ insurance, and Cornell housing, the fee is $400 ing this examination before the final examina­ per semester. tion can be scheduled. The final examination A graduate student who has previously ful­ for the Ph.D. degree is an oral defense of the filled all other degree requirements, who has candidate’s thesis. It must be passed within been granted a leave of absence, and who four years after completion of the required returns to the Graduate School of Medical residence units, or within seven years from the Sciences to present a thesis and to take the date of first registration, whichever is earlier. final examination must register as a Candidate for Degree Only and pay a fee of $35. Foreign Language Requirements A student who is to receive partial residence Each field of study has its own foreign lan­ credit because of employment should apply guage requirements. The student's Special for proration of tuition on forms obtainable at Committee may require knowledge of foreign the Office of the Dean. 10 Student Health Service

Any individual who owes money to the Univer­ They are continued evidence of his concern sity will not be allowed to register or reregister for students manifest during his directorship in the University, receive a transcript of his of the Sloan-Kettering Division. or her record, have his or her academic credits Two awards are available annually to students certified, be granted a leave of absence, or of the Sloan-Kettering Division: one to that have a degree conferred. student who, in the opinion of the Committee The amount, time, and manner ot payment of of the Faculty of the Sloan-Kettering Division, tuition, tees, or other charges may be changed has been most distinguished especially in the at any time without notice. qualifying examination, and one to that stu­ dent who, in the opinion of the Committee of the Faculty of the Sloan-Kettering Division, Financial Assistance has similarly been most distinguished especially in the Admission to Doctoral Candidacy Financial assistance is available to qualified Examination. applicants. Individual fields or units may offer predoctoral research fellowships, research assistantships, or teaching assistantships. These Student Health Service positions may provide a stipend in addition to tuition. Information about these positions Complete ambulatory medical care is provided may be obtained directly from the field or unit for all students enrolled in the Graduate School at the time of application. of Medical Sciences through the Personnel The fields in the Medical College Division also Health Service of the Medical Center. The have available a limited number of tuition student matriculating for the first time is re­ scholarships. quired to have a physical examination by a member of the Health Service staff. In addition, Nationwide, competitive, predoctoral fellowships the student must report for a chest X-ray are available from the National Science Foun­ examination, tuberculin test, and necessary dation and the National Research Council. immunizations. No charge is made for medical Information about these fellowships should be care through the Health Service or for any requested directly from the appropriate gov­ X-rays, laboratory tests, or procedures which ernmental agency. may be needed. Office hours are held daily from New York State residents are eligible for several 1-2 p.m. by the Health Service staff. predoctoral fellowships and for the Tuition The student is required to carry Associated Assistance Program which assists in tuition Hospital Service (Blue Cross) hospitalization payments. Application forms may be obtained insurance unless similar hospitalization insur­ from the Regents Examination and Scholarship ance is currently in effect. The cost of this Center, State Education Department, Albany, insurance for an unmarried student is included New York 12224. in the tuition fee. Spouses and dependents of Opportunity for part-time employment is often students may be covered by the hospitaliza­ available in departmental research projects or tion insurance policy for a small additional fee. other activities. Applications should be made Spouses and families of students are not eligi­ directly to individual departments. ble for care through the Personnel Health Service but will be referred to appropriate Several loan programs are available for the members of the hospital staff for medical care. use of graduate students. Under these programs, repayment of the principal amount of the A student on leave for study in absentia may loan together with the interest on the loan continue the hospitalization insurance by pay­ can be deferred until after graduation. ment of the annual premium directly to the Student Accounting Office of Cornell University Prizes Medical College, Room C-015. A student on leave of absence for reasons other The Frank Lappin Horsfall Jr. Awards are then study in absentia is not eligible to receive endowed by funds provided in memory of student health benefits. Dr. Horsfall by his many friends and family. Cornell University

Fields of Instruction

Instruction at the Students undertaking graduate study in bio­ chemistry must have a sufficiently comprehensive Medical College Division background in chemistry to pursue the pro­ posed course of study and must present Biochemistry evidence of knowledge of biology, general experimental physics, and mathematics (includ­ Faculty ing differential and integral calculus). Opportu­ nity is offered to remedy deficiencies in these E. Breslow, J. Cornell, T. Duffy, G. F. Fairolough, areas during the first year of graduate study. J. D. Gass, H, Gilder, J. Goldstein, R. H, The Graduate Record Examinations (the Apti­ Haschemeyer, B. Horecker, A. Meister, A. S. tude Test and the Advanced Test in chemistry) Posner, J. R. Rachele, R. R. Riggio, W. B. Rowe, are ordinarily required. A. L. Rubin, B. Saxena, E. T. Schubert, K. H. The language requirement for the Ph.D. and the Stenzel, S. S. Tate, P. P. Trotta, D. Wellner, M.S. degrees is proficiency in one modern K. Woods foreign language acceptable to the student's Special Committee. Proficiency in a computer Field Representative science language, as demonstrated by executing a meaningful program, may substitute for pro­ R. H. Haschemeyer, Department of Biochem­ ficiency in a foreign language. istry, Room E—129, Medical College Graduate instruction is offered leading to the Special Interests of the Faculty Ph.D. or M.S. degree. Within the framework E. Breslow: protein-protein and metal ion- of degree requirements and in consultation with protein interactions; chemistry of the the student, the course of study is planned to neurophysins fit the needs of the individual. Although formal J. Cornell: biochemistry of reproduction; protein course work is required, emphasis is placed chemistry of the placenta on research. Research opportunities exist in T. Duffy: carbohydrate and energy metabolism various areas of biochemistry including in altered functional states of brain; ammonia enzymology, structure and function of proteins detoxification and hepatic coma; effect of and nucleic acids, molecular biology, physical anoxia on the developing brain biochemistry, and the intermediary metabolism G. Fairclough: protein chemistry; clinical of amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, biochemistry and lipids. Entering graduate students usually J. Gass: mechanism of enzyme action; clinical work for short periods in several of the biochemistry laboratories of the faculty members of the field H. Gilder: metabolic response to surgery; before beginning thesis research. Students are electrolyte studies of gastric juice; studies in encouraged to choose challenging and funda­ experimental shock mental research problems that are on the J. Goldstein: role of RNA in protein synthesis; frontiers of biochemistry. fractionation of nucleic acids; role of The laboratories of the faculty members are macromolecules and protein synthesis in the equipped with virtually all of the instruments maturation of red blood cells and facilities required for modern biochemical R. Haschemeyer: structure of fibrinogen and research; thus, graduate students are instructed subunit interactions in protein and nucleo- in such methodology as chromatography, proteins; electron microscopy of enzymes and countercurrent distribution, radioactive and viruses; lipoprotein structure and function stable isotope techniques, spectrophotometry, B. Horecker: mechanism of enzyme action; electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifuga­ regulation of enzyme action; intermediary tion. metabolism of carbohydrate 12 Instruction— Medical College Division

A. Meister: enzymology; proteins and amino Kettering Divisions. Details are given on p. 28 acids under Interdivisional Courses. A. Posner: crystal chemistry; ultrastructural biochemistry; atomic structure of bone; hard Biological Structure and Cell Biology tissue chemistry J. Rachele; metabolism of amino acids, one- Faculty carbon units, and methyl groups; isotope effects R. Bachvarova, C. G. Becker, D. Bennett, R. R. Riggio: transplantation; dialysis and D. C. Brooks, J. L. German III, M. D. Gershon, biomaterials research F. G. Girgis, J. Goldstein, R. L. Greif, W. D. W. B. Rowe: amino acid metabolism; action of Hagamen, M. D. Hamburg, T. H. Meikle, Jr., methionine sulfoximine C. R. Minick, R. Nachman, T. C. Rodman, C. A. A, L. Rubin: collagen structure and function; Santos-Buch, E. T. Schubert, J. L. Sirlin, biomaterials research; dialysis; transplantation D. Soifer, M. Spiegelman, K, H. Stenzel, D. H. research Sussdorf, R. C. Swan, J. C. Weber, J. M. S. B. Saxena: chemistry, measurement, and Winterkorn mechanism of action of pituitary protein hormones Field Representative E, T. Schubert: enzyme studies of the developing kidney; investigation of renal dysfunction at D. C. Brooks, Department of Anatomy, Room enzyme level A-409, Medical College K. Stenzel: transplantation; dialysis and bio­ Graduate study in the Field of Biological materials research Structure and Cell Biology leads to a Ph.D. S. Tate: structure-activity relationships in degree and emphasizes the basic relationships enzymes; vitamin B6 enzymes between structure and function of biological P. P. Trotta: adenosine deaminase, growth and systems at all levels of organization. Thus the differentiation field is fundamentally concerned with the D. Wellner: enzyme kinetics; mechanisms of nature, development and functional modulation, enzyme action; protein structure and significance of configuration, pattern, and K. Woods: physicochemical understanding of other spatial relations in biological systems. human blood fractions; blood coagulation; The scope of interest extends from the molecular structure of antibodies level to that of the whole organism and em­ braces normal as well as pathological Courses structure. 1. General Biochemistry (Biochemistry 2A and Opportunities for research training include the 2B) Offered jointly by the faculties of the investigation of cellular fine structure using Medical College and Sloan-Kettering Divisions. such techniques as light and electron micros­ Details are given on p. 28 under Interdivisional copy, isolation and analysis of cellular sub­ Courses. tractions by differential ultracentrifugation, histochemistry, cytochemistry, and enzyme 2. Introduction to Research Experimental neuroanatomy, including the physiological biochemistry dealing with the isolation, synthesis, correlates of changing neural structure. and analysis of substances of biochemical For graduate study in the Field of Biological importance (enzymes, coenzymes, various Structure and Cell Biology, adequate under­ metabolites, and intermediates), and study of graduate preparation in biology, chemistry their properties by various chemical and (including organic chemistry), physics, and physical techniques. The student obtains this mathematics is recommended. Requirements varied research experience by spending approxi­ for admission are flexible in proportion to the mately two months in the laboratory of each of promise and accomplishments of the applicant. four faculty members of his or her choice. For Applicants are generally requested to present incoming graduate students majoring in bio­ the results of the Graduate Record Examinations. chemistry. The staff. Requirements for minor sponsorship in the 3. Selected Topics in Biochemistry Advanced Field of Biological Structure and Cell Biology study in selected topics will be offered in will be arranged with individual students, but areas such as (1) nucleic acids and protein research experience in the minor sponsor’s synthesis; (2) intermediary metabolism; laboratory is strongly encouraged. (3) kinetics and enzyme mechanism; (4) pro­ In addition to the courses offered by the field tein chemistry; and (5) structure of membranes and listed below, appropriate courses or gradu­ and the biochemistry of transport. Generally, ate students in the field are General Bio­ one or two of these courses will be offered chemistry and those courses given by the yearly in the third trimester. The staff. Field of Neurobiology and Behavior. 4. Advanced Biochemistry Offered jointly by A reading knowledge of French, German, the faculties of the Medical College and Sloan- Spanish, or Russian is desirable; proficiency Instruction— Medical College Division 13

in a foreign language may be required for E. T. Schubert: enzyme studies of the developing candidates by their Special Committee. kidney; investigation of renal dysfunction at enzyme level The field requires a qualifying examination at J. Sirlin: biology of RNA the end of the first year of residence. At the D. Soifer: structure and function of microtubules discretion of the examining committee, the M. Spiegelman: early embryonic development, qualifying examination may be written, or oral, particularly with respect to cell movement and or both. The Admission to Candidacy Examina­ cellular interactions tion required by the Graduate School of K. Stenzel: transplantation; dialysis and bio­ Medical Sciences must be taken before six materials research units of residence credit have been accumu­ D. H. Sussdorf: cellular interactions during the lated and before substantial progress has been immune response; function of the thymus made on the candidate's thesis research. The and related lymphoid tissues in development written part of the Admission to Candidacy of immunocompetence Examination shall consist of a detailed thesis R. C. Swan: fine structure of excitable cells proposal in accordance with guidelines obtain­ J. C. Weber: vitamin D and mineral metabolism able from the field representative. in hard tissue Special Interests of the Faculty J. M. S. Winterkorn: visual behavior and learning after brain lesions R. Bachvarova: molecular developmental biology C. G. Becker: cardiovascular and renal disease; Courses immunopathology 1. Introductory Microscopic Anatomy Offered D. Bennett: mammalian genetics, with special jointly by the Field of Biological Structure and reference to genetic regulation during early Cell Biology, Medical College Division, and embryonic development by the Biology Unit, Sloan-Kettering Division. D. C. Brooks: spontaneous electrical activity Details are given on p. 28 under Interdivisional of the central nervous system; brain stem Courses. influences upon the visual system during sleep and wakefulness in the cat 2. Microscopic Anatomy and Development J. L. German: clinical and laboratory investiga­ The lectures in the course in Microscopic tion in the field of human and medical Anatomy and Development offered by the genetics, particularly emphasizing cyto­ Department of Anatomy in the Medical College genetics to first-year medical students are open to M. D, Gershon: the role of monoamines and graduate students. Selected topics are pre­ the action of psychotomimetic drugs in the sented in the lectures to indicate a pattern mammalian nervous system of study and depth of analysis which the stu­ F. G. Girgis: the cranial and facial sutures, dent can be expected to apply to the informal their development, structure, and the analysis study of cells and tissues. First trimester: of sutural position; of particular interest are weeks 1-5, T 10-11, F 9-10; weeks 6-11, factors inducing chondrogenesis in the cranial T W Th 10-11. Second trimester: T Th 10-11, vault F 11-12. The staff. J. Goldstein: role of RNA in protein synthesis, fractionation of nucleic acids; role of macro­ 3. Gross Anatomy Regional anatomy is molecules and protein synthesis in the studied principally through dissection of the maturation of red blood cells human body. Supplementing this technique are R. L. Greif: physiology of the thyroid gland prosections by instructors, tutorial group dis­ and its secretion cussions, and radiographic and endoscopic W, D. Hagamen: self-stimulation, habituation, demonstrations. Enrollment is limited and stu­ and changes in affective behavior in cats; dents should consult the staff early in order artificial intelligence in computers to determine the availability of places. First and M. Hamburg: neurochemistry and regulatory second trimesters. The staff. mechanisms of the enzymes involved in 4. Seminar Seminars are scheduled on monoamine biosynthesis T. H. Meikle, Jr.: animal studies of neural selected topics in biological structure including fine structure, development, cell biology, mechanisms basic to learned behaviors, particularly visual learning neuroanatomy, and genetics. Senior members C. R. Minick: pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis of the staff and guest speakers conduct infor­ mal discussions on current research in their and hypertension; immunopathology; electron respective fields. Hours to be arranged. microscopy The staff. R. L. Nachman: biology of platelets T. C. Rodman: analytical cytology of cell nuclei; cytogenetics Biomathematics C. A. Santos-Buch: cellular biology; immuno­ Faculty pathology; cardiovascular disease; electron microscopy B. J. Flehinger, S, I. Rubinow 14 Instruction— Medical College Division

Field Representative elementary calculus. Unlimited enrollment. Offered in 1976-1977. S. I. Rubinow. S. I. Rubinow, Division of Biomathematics, Room KB 122, Kips Bay Building, Medical 2. Biomathematics Seminar Presentation of College research investigations by the staff and student reports on various topics chosen from the The Field of Biomathematics offers a wide current literature. Required of biomathematics range of opportunities for the development of majors. One hour per week; hours to be quantitative methods in the biological and arranged. The staff. medical sciences, with special emphasis on the application of mathematics. Graduate study programs leading to advanced degrees in the Genetics Field of Biomathematics are available to Faculty students whose primary interests are mathe­ matical, but who wish to concentrate on F. H. Allen, Jr., V. G. Allfrey, K. Artzt (SKD), biological or medical applications. R. Bachvarova, A. G. Bearn, D. Bennett (SKD), Graduate students are admitted to study in J. L. Biedler (SKD), E. A. Boyse (SKD), L. F. this field from a variety of educational back­ Cavalieri (SKD), R. S. K. Chaganti, B. S. Danes, grounds, including the several branches of G. Darlington, G. Dooher (SKD), J. L. German III, engineering and the physical and biological Z. Harsanyi, T. J. Kindt, G. Litman (SKD), S. D. sciences, as well as mathematics. Their pro­ Litwin, R. Norum, L. J. Old (SKD), T. C. grams of study include a thorough grounding Rodman, P. Rubinstein, S. Silagi, M. Siniscalco in mathematical methods and a particular (SKD), J. L. Sirlin biological area of interest. Field Representative Applicants are expected to support their appli­ cations with their scores on the Graduate Z. Harsanyi, Department of Microbiology, Record Examinations in both the Aptitude Test Room B-402, Medical College and Advanced Test. Academic and research training is available The thesis in biomathematics must be a chiefly in the following areas: cytogenetics, mathematical contribution toward the solution developmental genetics, genetics and cell of a problem arising in a biomedical area. differentiation, human biochemical genetics, human somatic cell genetics, immunogenetics, Graduate students in the Field of Biomathe­ microbial genetics, and nucleic acid biochem­ matics are required to obtain thorough training istry. The faculty includes members of the in linear algebra, complex variables, partial preclinical and clinical departments of the differential equations, and boundary value Medical College and faculty members of problems. In addition to other courses, an the Sloan-Kettering Division; a unique oppor­ appropriate plan of study in the relevant aspects tunity for integrating the study of genetics with of biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine other biological and medical interests is thus will be made to suit the particular area of provided. Within broad limits, students pursue application of the individual student. A pro­ their own programs according to particular gramming language such as Fortran is required interests. in lieu of a foreign language. The usual prerequisites for admission to Special Interests of the Faculty graduate study for an advanced degree in genetics are undergraduate work in chemistry B. J. Flehinger: biostatistics; medical diagnosis or biology, and courses in general genetics, with computers; clinical trials general chemistry, organic chemistry, general S. I. Rubinow: blood flow; cell proliferation; biology, general physics, and mathematics enzyme kinetics; physiological systems through calculus. Applicants are required to present Graduate Record Examinations scores Courses in the Aptitude Tests and in the Advanced Test in chemistry or biology. 1. Introductory Biomathematics I, II, and III Courses generally required of genetics majors Introduction to the use of elementary mathe­ are those numbered 1 through 5 below, and matics in various areas of medicine and biology. General Biochemistry and Microscopic Anatomy The course is divided into three parts, offered given by the Fields of Biochemistry and of separately in each trimester. Topics treated Biological Structure and Cell Biology, re­ mathematically include the simplest rate spectively. Other courses appropriate for stu­ processes in biology, cell growth, theory of dents in genetics include those numbered enzyme kinetics, compartment equations, and 6 through 10 and M olecular Genetics and transport processes, especially convection, Advanced Virology offered by the Biochemistry diffusion, and sedimentation. Two hours per Unit of the Sloan-Kettering Division and by the week; hours to be arranged. Prerequisite: Field of Microbiology, respectively. Instruction— Medical College Division 15

Students minoring in genetics are required to patibility; genetics; immunology; immuno- take two semesters of the Genetics Seminar hematology and one additional course from the following: S. Silagi: gene action and cellular differentia­ Advanced Genetics, Advanced Microbial tion in culture Genetics, and Genetic and Biochemical Corre­ M. Siniscalco: somatic cell genetics lates of Development. A limited period of work J. Sirlin: molecular biology of brain function in the laboratory of the minor sponsor is recommended. Courses Requirements for foreign language are at the 1. Genetics Seminar The topic for fall 1976 discretion of the student's Special Committee, will be Genetics and Differentiation and for although the field recommends a reading spring 1977, Cell Genetics and Human Popula­ knowledge of French or German. tion Genetics. T 3-5. Course sponsors: The field requires an oral qualifying examina­ J. German and D. Bennett. tion at the end of the first year of residence, that the Admission to Candidacy Examination 2. Medical Genetics Conference Consists of be taken at the end of the second year of a series of conferences on topics in medical graduate work, and that the written portion genetics. Offered every two weeks throughout consist of two parts: (1) a research proposal the year. M 4. S. D. Litwin. defining the candidate's prospective thesis work and (2) answers written over a period of 3. Genetics Journal Club An informal meeting two weeks to general questions submitted by a of students and staff at which current literature committee of the field. The oral examination or research is discussed. Held every two weeks will include discussion of the specific research throughout the year. F 12. R. Bachvarova. proposal and general biological topics. 4. Advanced Genetics Designed to give the Special Interests of the Faculty student a sound background in genetic theory; an in-depth consideration of the gene as a F. H. Allen, Jr.: immunogenetics and blood unit of heredity. First semester: three hours per group serology week to be arranged. Not offered 1976-77. V. G. Allfrey: cell nucleus chemistry; chromo­ D. Bennett. somal proteins; genetic control K. Artzt: genetics of embryonal tumors 5. Advanced Microbial Genetics Z Harsanyi. R. Bachvarova: developmental molecular biology (See Microbiology). A. G. Bearn: biochemical and somatic cell genetics of man 6. Medical Genetics Lectures Lectures deal D. Bennett: mammalian developmental genetics; specifically with genetics as it pertains to immunogenetics human population and human disease, covering J. L. Biedler: cytogenetics the topics of human cytogenetics; Mendelian B. A. Boyse: mammalian immunogenetics principles in man; and gene action pertaining L. Cavalieri: DNA replication in bacteria and to gene interaction, regulation of gene activity, bacteriophage inborn errors of metabolism, Hardy-Weinberg R. Chaganti: human genetics; cell genetics equilibrium, and mutation and selection. Sec­ B. S. Danes: somatic cell genetics (with par­ ond trimester: W 3-4. D. Bennett, A. G. Bearn, ticular emphasis on human genetic metabolic B. S. Danes, J. L. German, and S. D. Litwin. errors) G. Darlington: human genetics; cell genetics 7. Clinical Cytogenetics Practical experience G. Dooher: genetics and fine structure of male in chromosome analysis in the laboratory. reproduction Introduction to tissue culture techniques. Par­ J. L, German: mammalian cell genetics and ticipation in medical genetics rounds (pediatrics). cytogenetics Review in depth of assigned subjects pertain­ Z. Harsanyi: biochemical genetics of micro­ ing to clinical problems actually encountered organisms on rounds or in the cytogenetics laboratory. T. J. Kindt: genetic control of immunoglobulin Limited to two students. Third trimester: one structure day a week for seven weeks; hours to be G. Litman: immunogenetics arranged. J, L. German. S. D. Litwin: genetics of immunoglobulins and serum proteins 8. Genetic and Biochemical Correlates of R. Norum: clinical and laboratory aspects of Development A series of lectures and student a-1-antitrypsin and its deficiency; clinical seminar-workshops that will approach embryol­ genetics ogy from both a molecular biologist's and a L. J. Old: tumor immunovirology geneticist's viewpoints. The problems of early T. C. Rodman: cytogenetics with emphasis on differentiation will be explored in the light mechanisms of genetic control of available biochemical and morphological P. Rubinstein: immunogenetics; histocom­ evidence. Selected examples of gene-environ- 16 Instruction— Medical College Division

ment interactions and drug-induced malfor­ nearby universities, will depend on the stu­ mations will be discussed. First trimester: dents' minor fields, their research activities, eleven weeks. Unlimited enrollment. R. Bach­ their individual interests, and the advice of the varova. Special Committees. Ph.D. candidates are required to be proficient 9. Introduction to Research in Genetics Stu­ in one modern foreign language acceptable to dents are offered the opportunity during their their Special Committees. first year to spend time and perform experi­ ments in each of the laboratories of the faculty Although a qualifying examination is not ordi­ members of the Field of Genetics. narily given, a student’s Special Committee has the prerogative of requiring it. The Admis­ 10. Medical Genetics Clinic Students par­ sion to Candidacy Examination is administered ticipate in the activities of the Medical Genetics by a committee consisting of a chairperson Clinic by assisting in the taking of family appointed by the dean, the student’s Special histories, construction of pedigrees, and in Committee, and three additional faculty mem­ genetic counseling. Ward rounds are carried bers in the Field of Microbiology. The written out weekly. The staff of the Division of Human portion of this examination tests for basic Genetics. facts and concepts in the candidate's areas of study and for the candidate's problem-solving Microbiology ability within and across disciplinary boun­ daries. The oral examination provides an Faculty opportunity for the student to correct deficiencies in the written examination, to be examined R. W. Dickerman, Z. Harsanyi, L. Korngold, further on general knowledge, and to discuss A. R. Neurath, W. M. O'Leary, W. F. Scherer, and be questioned on his or her planned or L. B. Senterfit, G. W. Siskind, D. H. Sussdorf, current research. M. E. Weksler, M. E. Wiebe, J. F. Woodruff Special Interests ot the Faculty Field Representative R. W. Dickerman: involvement of birds and D. H. Sussdorf, Department of Microbiology, mammals in the ecology of viruses pathogenic Room B—403, Medical College to man Z. Harsanyi: genetics of viruses; genetic con­ The Field of Microbiology offers graduate trol of enzyme structure; drug and chem­ training leading to the Ph.D. degree. Under ically induced chromosomal aberrations; special circumstances, candidacy towards the genetics of Aspergillus nidulans M.S. degree will be considered. Candidates L. Korngold: antigenic structure of immuno­ may select an area of research from such globulins and of various human tissues microbiological topics as general and medical A. R. Neurath: characterization of hepatitis bacteriology, microbial chemistry and physiology, B-associated antigens microbial genetics, immunology, and virology. W. M. O’Leary: microbial cellular composition; mechanisms of pathogenesis; microbial lipids; Prospective students should complete at the antibiotic function; instrumental characteri­ undergraduate level a minimum of one year zation of bacteria (or its equivalent) in general chemistry, organic W. F. Scherer: cell-virus relationships; virus chemistry, general physics, mathematics (in­ virulence; host defense mechanisms; ecology cluding college algebra), botany or zoology and epidemiology of arborviruses, especially (preferably both), and one semester or its mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses of equivalent of analytical or quantitative chemistry. tropical North and Central America General microbiology or bacteriology and B. Senterfit: antigenic structure of myco­ calculus are strongly recommended. Students L. plasma; pathogenesis of respiratory viral who have not completed the above require­ and mycoplasmic disease; vaccine develop­ ments may be admitted to graduate study on ment; clinical microbiology the condition that deficiencies be removed G. W. Siskind: factors involved in control of the soon after admission. Applicants are ordinarily immune response; changes in antibody required to present Graduate Record Examina­ affinity and heterogeneity with increasing tions scores for the Aptitude Tests and for the time after immunization; ontogeny and Advanced Test in chemistry or biology. genetics of heterogeneity of antibody affinity Individual programs are determined by the D. H. Sussdorf: function of the thymus and student's Special Committee, composed of related lymphoid tissues in development of faculty members representing the major and immunocompetence; immunology of the minor fields. Students majoring in microbiology athymic ('nude') mouse; immunological factors select their primary courses from those listed in carcinogenesis below. The nature and number of other courses, M. E. Weksler: lymphocyte interactions with that may be taken at this institution or at autologous cells in autoimmune and neo- Instruction— Medical College Division 17

plastic diseases; immunology of aging diagnostic laboratories of The New York Hospital. M. E. Wiebe: molecular virology; mechanism of Offered every year in the third trimester. L. B, virus replication, host cell response, viral Senterfit. interference, and viral virulence J. F. Woodruff: interactions of viruses with 4. Microbial Chemistry and Physiology Lec­ lymphocytes; immunological mechanisms in tures cover literature and methodology pertinent viral myocarditis to physicochemical properties of microorganisms and their environments, the growth and death Courses of microorganisms, chemical composition of cells and subcellular structures, nutritional Students who wish to attend any of the follow­ requirements, microbiological assay and ing courses either for credit or as an auditor auxotrophic mutants, energy metabolism, should contact the office of the Department of degradations and biosyntheses, the physiology Microbiology or the faculty member responsible of pathogenesis, and important microbial for each course well in advance of the beginning products. Laboratory sessions provide experi­ of each course. In general, as many students ence with large-scale culture and recovery of as possible are accommodated in lectures; cells, synthetic media, microbiological assay, however, participation in laboratory sections is extraction of cellular constituents, respirometry, restricted. and studies of substrate utilization employing radioactive metabolites. Minimal prerequisites 1. General Microbiology Offered by the staff are general microbiology, qualitative and of the Field of Microbiology of the Medical quantitative analysis, organic chemistry, and at College Division and of the Biology Unit of the least one semester (or its equivalent) of bio­ Sloan-Kettering Division, For details, refer to chemistry. Offered every other year in the Interdivisional Courses, p. 28. Offered in third trimester, T Th, lectures 10-11; laboratory 1976-77. D. J. Hutchison (SKD) and W. M. 2-5. Not offered in 1976-77. W. M. O'Leary. O'Leary. 5. Advanced Microbial Genetics Selected 2. Microbiology and an Introduction to In­ concepts of molecular genetics are examined fectious Disease Presented in the first and using both prokaryotic and eukaryotic micro­ second trimesters and consists of laboratory organisms as models. Topics include intra- and experiments, lectures, and group discussions. intercistronic complementation, mitotic and The laboratory work includes an introduction meiotic recombination, genetic control mech­ to the procedures used in studying micro­ anisms, gene conversion, polyploidy and organisms, experiments on various physical and aneuploidy, genetic interference, mechanisms of biological manifestations of antigen-antibody suppression, and polarity. The course is de­ reactions, the actions of chemotherapeutic signed to elucidate the genetic methods agents, a survey of the microbial flora of the available for studying hereditary material. upper respiratory and lower intestinal tracts of Offered every second year in the third trimester, healthy humans, and an intensive study of one lecture weekly. Offered in 1976-77. the causal agents of specific infections, in­ Z. Harsanyi. cluding fungi, spirochetes, rickettsiae, and viruses, as well as bacteria. The lectures are 6. Advanced Immunology The comprehensive, directed toward the development of basic two trimester lecture course is offered by concepts, particularly the principles involved in members of the staffs of the Medical College microbial growth, the principles underlying active and Sloan-Kettering Divisions. Offered every immunization, and the factors that enter into other year during the second and third host-parasite relationships. Emphasis is placed trimesters, two lectures weekly. Offered in on aspects related to the etiology, pathogenesis, 1976-77. Y, B. Kim (second trimester) and epidemiology, and prevention of infectious D. H. Sussdorf (third trimester). The laboratory disease. Special attention is also given to the course is given every third year in the third immunological principles underlying such non- trimester. Not offered in 1976-77. D. H. Sussdorf. infectious conditions as hypersensitivity, auto­ For details, refer to Interdivisional Courses, immunity, and rejection of tissue transplants. p. 28. Offered every year. W. F. Scherer. 7. Advanced Virology Presents, in lectures 3. Advanced Diagnostic Microbiology The and laboratory sessions, modern concepts and lecture and laboratory sessions acquaint the techniques of virology. Virus structure, chemical student with the procedures used in, and composition, physical and biologic properties, technique of management of, a clinical micro­ and relationships with host cells are considered biology laboratory. Emphasis is upon developing in depth. Minimal prerequisites for credit are the student's capability in the isolation and general microbiology and at least one semester rapid identification of organisms from various (or its equivalent) of biochemistry. Offered types of clinical specimens. Liberal use is made every third year. Offered in 1976-77. M. E. of clinical materials available through the Wiebe and W. F. Scherer. 18 Instruction— Medical College Division

8. The Methods and Materials of Research Neurobiology and Behavior This is intended to be an experimental and wide-ranging course presented by all the faculty Faculty of the field. It covers such diverse and essen­ tial subjects as logic and scientific method, I. B. Black, D. C. Brooks, G. Cotzias, T. Duffy, manuscript preparation, the nature and use of D. Gardner, M. D. Gershon, J. G. Gibbs, Jr., the scientific literature, scientific photography, S. Goldstone, B. Grafstein, W. D. Hagamen, evaluation and choice of equipment, national M. Hamburg, T. H. Joh, T. H. Meikle, Jr., M. A. scientific resources, and other matters yet to Nathan, M. Okamoto, V. M. Pickel, F. Plum, be determined. The purpose of this course is D. J. Reis, W. F. Riker, Jr., W. N. Schoenfeld, to provide students with some familiarity, even J. A. Sechzer, G. P. Smith, P. Stokes, J. M. S. if limited, with many subjects not covered by Winterkorn any other course and yet essential to the practicing scientist. Offered in 1976-77. W. M. Field Representative O'Leary. M. A. Nathan, Department of Neurology, Room 9. Research on Special Problems Designed KB 421, Kips Bay Building, Medical College for students in other fields who wish to obtain some significant experience in microbiological The Field of Neurobiology and Behavior pro­ research. For these students and others who vides training in the study of the nervous system. want such experience, this field offers indi­ It includes the disciplines of neuroanatomy, vidualized research on special problems. The neuroembryology, neurophysiology, neuro­ nature, complexity, and time required for pharmacology, neurochemistry, neuroendocrinol­ such research vary according to the needs and ogy, and neuropsychology and perception. desires of each student. Such experience is The program of the field emphasizes a multi­ available in each specialty covered by the disciplinary approach to the study of the nervous faculty of this field and can be arranged by system, based on the belief that future consultation of the student with the appropriate advances in our understanding of the nervous faculty member. Available each year and system will be derived from a knowledge of throughout the year. The staff. the thinking and research techniques employed by more than one discipline. Towards this end, 10. Thesis Research in Microbiology Required the program of the students entering the field of all students taking a major in microbiology. is planned in consultation with several staff Offered yearly and throughout the year. The members, and the students are expected to staff. spend some period of time working closely with members of the faculty whose interests are 11. Microbiology Seminar Reports on surveys related to theirs. In addition, there are regularly of the literature in the field and on current scheduled seminars in the field during which research. Presented by graduate students, various aspects of work in progress are faculty, and visiting scientists. Attendance is presented and discussed. By this means, the required of all students majoring or minoring in students are afforded the broadest possible view microbiology throughout their programs of of the field during their total training experi­ study. Offered yearly and throughout the year. ence. One-hour sessions on alternate weeks. L. B. The student who chooses Neurobiology and Senterfit. Behavior as a major field will be required to satisfy the requirements of the courses in 12. Clinical Microbiology Program on Ithaca neural sciences, statistics, and biomathematics, and New York Campuses During the senior and two of the following: microscopic anatomy, year of a special undergraduate study program physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. at Ithaca or during the year after receiving In addition, participation in the seminar pro­ a bachelor’s degree, the student may con­ gram is expected. While there are no language centrate on developing skills in clinical micro­ requirements, it is suggested that the student biology at the Cornell Medical School-New achieve mastery of a modern foreign lan­ York Hospital in New York City. Students will guage or a computer language. When Neuro­ participate in courses concerning microbiology, biology and Behavior is chosen as a minor an introduction to infectious diseases, diagnostic field of study, the student is required to par­ microbiology, parasitology, immunology and ticipate in the neural science course and the virology, in addition to working in the hospital seminar program as well as any additional diagnostic laboratory. This clinical microbiol­ experience which the minor adviser may suggest. ogy specialization is designed to prepare Applicants to the Field of Neurobiology and students for employment in clinical micro­ Behavior are expected to have had adequate biology laboratories. However, it could also be undergraduate training in biology, organic selected by students interested in further chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Graduate education or other careers. Record Examination scores are to be sub­ Instruction— Medical College Division 19

mitted with the application. An interview with and learning in rats and monkeys, utilizing the applicant is considered highly desirable. concepts of neuroendocrinology Deadline for submission of completed appli­ P. Stokes: endocrinology and psychobiology cation materials is February 15. J. M. S. Winterkorn: visual behavior and learn­ ing after brain lesions Special Interests of the Faculty Courses I. Black: developmental neurobiology in periphery and brain, including enzyme 1. Neurosciences This is the basic under­ regulation, trans-synaptic controls; genetic graduate medical course and is required of all influences major and minor candidates in the field. It is a D. Brooks: brain stem influence upon the broadly based course taught by members of electrical activity of the visual system during the field and introduces the student to neuro­ both sleep and waking anatomy, neurophysiology, and pertinent G. Cotzias: basic mechanism in basal ganglia neurology. Third trimester. M. Hamburg and and extrapyramidal diseases B. Grafstein. T. Duffy: carbohydrate and energy metabolism in altered functional states of brain; ammonia 2. Neurobiology Elective Each year the field detoxification and hepatic coma; effect of offers an elective course which considers anoxia on the developing brain various special aspects of neurobiology and D. Gardner: neurobiology and biophysics of behavior. In the past, the courses have invertebrate synaptic transmission explained, in depth, the synapse, the devel­ J. Gibbs: central and peripheral mechanisms opmental neurobiology, and the impact of the of feeding behavior in animals and humans environment on the nervous system. Offered in S. Goldstone: human information and processing the third trimester, two hours per week; hours to and cognitive functioning be arranged, four to twenty students. B. Graf­ B. Grafstein: growth of nerve and the transport stein and staff. of materials in axons W. D. Hagamen: self-stimulation, habituation Pathology and changes in affective behavior in cats; artificial intelligence in computers Faculty M. Hamburg: neurochemistry and regulatory mechanisms of the enzymes involved in D. R. Alonso, C. G. Becker, P. G. Bullough, monoamine biosynthesis M. H. S. Clements, J. T. Ellis, W. Insull, Jr., T. H. Joh: regulatory mechanisms for the bio­ A. Kellner, R. C. Mellors, C. R. Minick, G. E. synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters Murphy, C. K. Petito, A. M. Prince, C. A. Santos- T. Meikle: animal studies of neural mechanisms Buch, L. B. Senterfit, J. E. Seybolt, M. Susin, basic to learned behavior, particularly visual C. W. Watson, J. Woodruff learning M. A. Nathan: control of cardiovascular system Field Representative in basic reflex regulation, hypertension, and emotional behavior C. G. Becker, Department of Pathology, M. Okamoto: neuropharmacology; neuro­ Room C-444, Medical College muscular transmission; sedative-hypnotic drug dependence Pathology is the study of the causes and V. M. Pickel: immunocytochemistry of mono­ mechanisms of disease processes. The purpose amine synthesizing enzymes in development of a graduate program in pathology is to and regeneration provide individuals with a baccalaureate or F. Plum: cerebral metabolism in disease states; medical degree with a basic knowledge of central regulation systems disease processes by a study of the disciplines D. J. Reis: central neural regulation of cardio­ of anatomic and clinical pathology and by vascular function; regeneration and degenera­ learning modern techniques of biologic investi­ tion in CNS; neurobiology of central mono­ gation. It is hoped that a student completing this program will have both the information and amine neurons technical skills to make significant inquiries W. F. Riker: pharmacology and physiology of into the nature of disease processes and to neuromuscular transmission bridge the gap between classical, descriptive W. N. Schoenfeld: effects of long-term stress pathology, and such disciplines as biochem­ upon selected behavioral and physiological istry and molecular biology. systems and reinforcement schedules in behavior theory The graduate program in pathology includes the J. Sechzer: visual learning and memory in observation of diseases in their various forms adult and neonatal split-brain animals; at autopsy and in clinical laboratories and learning and memory in split-brain animals study and research in the areas of immunology G. Smith: feeding behavior, emotional behavior, and immunopathology, oncology, virology, 20 Instruction— Medical College Division

cellular biology, and electron microscopy. It mycoplasmic disease; vaccine development; may also include study in advanced mathe­ clinical microbiology matics, physiology, biophysics, pharmacology, J. E. Seybolt: exfoliative cytopathology anatomy, cytochemistry and histochemistry, M. Susin: pathology of renal disease; electron advanced biochemistry, genetics, and micro­ microscopy biology. C. W. Watson: exfoliative cytopathology J. Woodruff: virology New students are expected to have completed mathematics through integral calculus, chem­ Courses istry through organic chemistry (although physical chemistry is recommended), basic 1. General and Systemic Pathology Lectures, physics, and at least general biology. A reading practical classes, and seminars. First trimester: knowledge of at least one foreign language is M W F 9-1. Second trimester: M W 10-1, suggested but not required. For those students Th 9-1. The staff. entering the program with baccalaureate degrees only, the Graduate Record Examina­ 2. Correlative Pathology Gross and micro­ tions, including the Aptitude Tests and the scopic material is correlated and related to Advanced Test in biology or chemistry, are the disease processes. The staff. required.

Graduate students in pathology are required, 3. Forensic Pathology Courses are offered as an initial part of their program, to take the in the above by special arrangement with the course in general and systemic pathology chief medical examiner of the City of New York. offered to second-year medical students. They are required to minor in at least one and not 4. Seminars in Pathology Discussions out­ more than two other biomedical fields. Courses lining the scope of modern pathology are given in biomathematics, advanced biochemistry, weekly. These include reports on original genetics, and microbiology are also required. research by members of the staff and by visiting Additional courses not available at the Graduate lecturers. Hours to be announced. The staff. School of Medical Sciences can be taken at neighboring institutions with approval of the 5. Experimental Pathology Independent re­ Field of Pathology and the candidate's Special search projects in various areas of pathology Committee. are offered. The staff. The following courses are offered by various Special Interests of the Faculty members of the field in collaboration with faculty members of related fields. The terms and D. R. Alonso: cardiovascular pathology hours are by arrangement. C. G. Becker: cardiovascular and renal diseases; immunopathology; host-parasite relationships Immunopathology P. G. Bullough: diseases and metabolism of Cardiovascular pathology bone Autopsy pathology M. H. S. Clements: exfoliative cytopathology Orthopedic pathology J. T. Ellis: electron microscopy; kidney disease; Renal pathology and muscle diseases Gastrointestinal pathology W. Insull, Jr.: arteriosclerotic cardiovascular Neuropathology disease Surgical pathology A. Kellner: immunohematology; lipid metabolism; Cytopathology pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis Tumor pathology R. C. Mellors: studies in immunopathology Clinical biochemistry relating to the role of viruses in autoimmune Hematology and Immunohematology disease and leukemogenesis Clinical microbiology C. R. Minick: pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and hypertension; lipid metabolism; immuno­ Pharmacology pathology; electron microscopy G. E. Murphy: cardiovascular diseases; host- Faculty parasite relationships C. K. Petito: neuropathology; ultrastructure and A. Alvares, B. Berkowitz, J. H. Burns, Walter histochemistry of diseases of central nervous W. Y. Chan, D. E. Drayer, A.-R. Fuchs, R. W. system Houde, C. E. Inturrisi, A. Kappas, H. Kutt, R, Levi, A. M. Prince: virology; pathogenesis of liver M. Okamoto, M. M. Reidenberg, A. Rifkind, diseases W. F. Riker, Jr., A. K. Shapiro, A. Van Poznak C. A. Santos-Buch: cellular biology; immuno­ pathology; cardiovascular disease; electron Field Representative microscopy L. B. Senterfit: antigenic structure of myco­ M. Okamoto, Department of Pharmacology, plasma; pathogenesis of respiratory viral and Room E—411, Medical College Instruction— Medical College Division 21

In graduate training, emphasis is placed on with the fundamental concepts essential for sound basic training in general pharmacology. the evaluation of any drug. Consequently, em­ By means of individual instruction, the candi­ phasis is placed on the scientific basis of date is later afforded an exposure to several pharmacology. Prototype drugs, considered specialized aspects of pharmacology. The latter essentially systemically, serve to illustrate several part of the graduate curriculum is devoted to mechanisms and parameters of drug action. research in an area of the candidate's choice. Therapeutic applications are considered only insofar as they illustrate principles of pharma­ An adequate preliminary training in organic cology or drug hazards. Prerequisites: bio­ chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and chemistry and physiology. The staff. physiology is prerequisite to graduate work in pharmacology. Training in statistics is strongly 2. Research in Pharmacology Research recommended. opportunities may be arranged throughout the year for graduate students who are not majoring Special Interests of the Faculty in pharmacology but who wish some investi­ gative experience in the discipline. Special A. Alvares: biochemical pharmacology; drug opportunities are offered for work on the metabolism nervous and cardiovascular systems and in B. A. Berkowitz: biochemical pharmacology; biochemical and clinical aspects of pharma­ catecholamines; immunopharmacology of cology. The staff. narcotics J. J. Burns: biochemical pharmacology; drug 3. Advanced Courses and Seminars The Field metabolism of Pharmacology offers several advanced W. W. Y, Chan: renal pharmacology; endocrine courses and seminars in the areas that are of pharmacology; polypeptide pharmacology interest to the faculty of the field and the D. E. Drayer: drug metabolism graduate students. The content, the format, and A.-R. Fuchs: reproductive pharmacology the schedule of these courses are determined R, W. Houde: clinical pharmacology of the each year on the basis of the number and the analgesic drugs; development of methods of backgrounds of the interested students. The staff. evaluating the effects of drugs on subjective response Physiology C. E. Inturrisi: biochemical pharmacology; metabolism of narcotic analgesics Faculty A. Kappas: clinical pharmacology; drug metabolism, porphyrins, corticosteroids 0. S. Andersen, S. Balagura-Baruch, W. A. H. Kutt: clinical pharmacology; neuropharma­ Briscoe. W. W. Y. Chan, C. Fell, D. Gardner, cology; drug metabolism B. Grafstein, R. L. Greif, N. B. Javitt, R. Levi, R. Levi: cardiovascular pharmacology and J. E. Lewy, C. Liebow, M. Lipkin, T. M. Maack, electrophysiology; immunopharmacology A. Taylor, E, E. Windhager M. Okamoto: neuropharmacology; neuro­ muscular transmission; sedative-hypnotic Field Representative drug dependence M. M. Reidenberg: clinical pharmacology; drug T, M. Maack, Department of Physiology and metabolism Biophysics, Room D-407, Medical College A. Rifkind: clinical pharmacology; endocrine pharmacology Opportunities are offered toward the Ph.D. W. F. Riker, Jr.: general pharmacology; neuro­ degree in several areas of physiology and pharmacology; neuromuscular transmission biophysics. Ample space is available and labo­ A. K, Shapiro: clinical pharmacology; psycho­ ratories are well equipped to provide pre­ pharmacology doctoral training in a medical environment. A. Van Poznak: clinical pharmacology; pharma­ Interested individuals are urged to contact the cology of halogenated hydrocarbons; neuro­ field representative before preparing a formal pharmacology application. Letters of inquiry should include an indication of educational background and possible areas of emphasis in graduate study. Courses There has been a tendency to encourage applications from individuals who have a I. General Pharmacology The basic pharma­ probable interest in one or more of the areas cology course is offered to second-year medical of physiology represented within the field. students and to qualified graduate students. It consists of lectures, laboratory work, demon­ Formal applications should include full college strations, and seminars given during the first transcripts, at least two letters of recommenda­ and second trimesters. The purpose of these tion, and recent Graduate Record Examination exercises is to teach the principles of pharma­ scores if available. Introductory courses in cology. Detailed consideration is given to the biology, inorganic and organic chemistry, parameters of drug action to provide the student physics, and mathematics through the level of 22 Instruction— Medical College Division

differential and integral calculus are required. R. L. Greif: physiology of the thyroid gland Additional course work in these disciplines and its secretions at the undergraduate level is encouraged. N. B. Javitt: gastrointestinal and hepatic Although not required, candidates are urged physiology and pathophysiology to take the Graduate Record Examinations, R. Levi: heart eleotrophysiology; heart hyper­ since performance in these examinations is an sensitivity reactions; histamine in cardiac important factor in the selection of applicants. function Applicants with otherwise exemplary records, J. E. Lewy: development of renal function who lack certain course requirements, will be C. Liebow: pancreatic secretion considered for acceptance provided that candi­ M. Lipkin: proliferation and differentiation of dates remedy such deficiencies while in training. normal and diseased gastrointestinal cells T. M. Maack: protein transport and metabolism The course of study emphasizes the importance by the kidney of teaching and research in the preparation and A. Taylor: cellular mechanisms of action of development of individuals for careers in antidiuretic hormone physiology. This goal is achieved by a combina­ E. Windhager: renal electrolyte metabolism tion of didactic courses, seminars, and closely supervised research leading toward the prepa­ ration of a satisfactory thesis. Courses

A special program of study will be developed Students planning to register for the course in for each student in consultation with his or her Physiology and Biophysics must consult the Special Committee. In addition to the general field representative before the start of the requirements set by the Graduate School for all second trimester. Students who wish to take a fields, all candidates for the doctoral degree third-trimester course (2-8) are advised to in physiology will be expected to meet the consult the field representative no later than following specific requirements: the seventh week of the second trimester in 1. Evidence of a satisfactory background in order to assure a place in the course. neurosciences. Ordinarily, the course in neuro­ 1. Physiology and Biophysics Lectures and sciences described under the Field of Neuro­ conferences in body fluids, bioelectric phe­ biology and Behavior, or an equivalent course, nomena, circulation, respiration, and gastro­ will be taken concurrently with the course in intestinal function. Second trimester: four hours physiology and biophysics. per week. The staff. 2. Satisfactory completion of the course in physiology and biophysics, or an equivalent Lectures and conferences on kidney function, course. acid-base regulation, endocrinology, and 3. For majors and minors in the field, a metabolism; and a weekly laboratory on selected minimum of two elective courses in the field aspects of physiology. Third trimester: eleven hours per week. The staff. ordinarily will be required, in addition to the course in physiology and biophysics. 2. Respiratory and Renal Mechanisms of 4. Proficiency in reading scientific literature in Regulation of Acid-Base Balance Each ses­ one modern foreign language. sion consists of an informal lecture and a 5. Satisfactory completion of an individualized succeeding seminar discussion based on laboratory experience in an area of research assigned reading in the area of the imme­ different from that chosen for the doctoral diately preceding lecture. Third trimester: dissertation. three hours per week. Five to fifteen students.

Special Interests of the Faculty 3. Selected Topics in Endocrinology Im por­ tant scientific papers dealing with certain 0. S. Andersen: properties of cell membranes; aspects of endocrinology are distributed to the artificial lipid membranes participants one week in advance of discussion. S. Balagura-Baruch: renal metabolism and Each paper is considered in detail in a seminar transport of Krebs cycle intermediates directed by an investigator in the area under discussion. One or two preliminary orientation W. A. Briscoe: blood gas transfer in health and sessions are given by Professor Greif before disease distribution of the first scientific paper, and, W. W, Y. Chan: pharmacology of neurohypo­ if feasible, one or two laboratory days are physial hormones and related polypeptides planned. Third trimester: three hours per week. C. Fell: cardiovascular function: in particular, Six to twelve students. R. L. Greif and staff. blood flow distribution, blood volume, and blood volume distribution 4. Selected Topics in Gastrointestinal and D. Gardner: neurophysiology Hepatic Physiology and Pathophysiology B. Grafstein: nerve regeneration and transport Topics include bilirubin metabolism and ex­ of materials in nerve axons cretion, cholesterol metabolism bile salt excre­ Instruction— Sloan Kettering Division 23

tion, bile formation, esophageal motility, gastric Instruction at the function, intestinal cell turnover, absorption of fat, absorption of carbohydrate, the mal­ Sloan-Kettering Division absorption syndrome. Third trimester: two hours per week. Six to twelve students. N. B. Javitt. 1. Graduate Seminar This weekly graduate seminar is offered each year and is attended 5. Selected Topics in Respiratory Physiology by all first- and second-year students of the Topics covered include: (1) physiological division. Two or three topics are selected for anatomy of the lung; (2) logical formulation discussion each year. Topics are usually chosen and solution of clinical problems; (3) ventilation, from the following: nucleic acid and protein alveolar air diagram, nitrogen washout; (4) rele­ chemistry and biochemistry; chromosome vant lung function tests; (5) lung volumes, structure and function; special topics in bac­ effect of posture and disease; (6) diffusion, terial genetics; regulation; radiobiology; Fick equation, Bohr integration; (7) acid-base immunology; membranes, cell surfaces; mam­ considerations in blood; (8) mechanical prop­ malian and bacterial viruses. The discussion erties of lung; (9) ventilation-perfusion ratio is carried principally by graduate students and Bohr integral isopleths; (10) ecology, under the guidance of faculty members whose sealed spaces, altitude, diving; (11) lung func­ area of specialization coincides with the topic. tion in the first week of life. Students wishing From time to time outstanding authorities are to take this course must consult with Professor invited as guest speakers. In addition, students Briscoe no later than the seventh week of the in the third and later years of graduate study second trimester. Third trimester: two hours per address the seminar on the progress being week. Maximum of twelve students. W. A, made in their thesis work. Briscoe. 2. Research Colloquia Discussions of research 6. Selected Topics in Kidney and Electrolyte conducted by the faculty and literature reports Physiology and Pathophysiology Lectures, by students. seminars, and demonstrations. Topics include: (1) GFR, clearance concept, reabsorption and 3. Special Laboratory Programs Throughout secretion of electrolytes; (2) concentrating the year students may spend time in research mechanism; (3) electrophysiology of the laboratories. nephron; (4) pathophysiology of potassium; (5) renal blood flow and its intrarenal distribu­ Biochemistry tion; (6) renal physiology in the newborn; (7) control of body fluid volume and tonicity; Faculty (8) pathology of renal failure; urinary sediment; pathophysiology of renal failure; (9) radiology N. W. Alcock, L. H. Augenlicht, M. E. Balis, of the kidneys; (10) dialysis; (11) transplanta­ A. Bendich, R. S. Bockman, E. Borenfreund, tion. Third trimester: two hours per week. G. B. Brown, R. M. Burger, L. F. Cavalieri, Maximum of twelve students. E. Windhager Z. Darzynkiewicz, D. B. Donner, J. D. Fissekis, and staff. M. Fleisher, J. J. Fox, A. Giner-Sorolla, V. G. Giushko, S. Green, M. G. Hamilton, U. Hammer- 7. Special Topics in Cardiovascular Physiology ling, L. Kopelovich, W. Kreis, S. L. Marcus, Original research papers will be made available P. W. Melera, L. K. Miller, M, J. Modak, J. S. in advance of each session, and these and the Nisselbaum, B. A. Otter, J. C. Parham, general problems associated with each topic J. Roberts, B. Rosenberg, J. S. Salser, A. S. will serve as the basis for the discussion. Schneider, M. K. Schwartz, M. R. Sherman, Insofar as possible, experimental approaches V. P. Skipski, M. Sonenberg, G. Stohrer, N. I. to each problem will be demonstrated. To Swislocki, P. P. Trotta, K. A. Watanabe, S. S. some extent, choice of topics can be determined Witkin, L. C. Yip by the interests of the group. Probable topics include: (1) regulation of peripheral blood Unit Chairperson flow; (2) integrated cardiovascular responses to hypoxia; (3) pulsatile flow in arteries; (4) mea­ N. I. Swislocki, Sloan-Kettering Division, Howard Laboratory, Room 911 sures of myocardial performance; (5) blood volume, hemorrhage, and hemorrhagic shock; Opportunities are available for advanced work (6) cardiac catheterization in man, congenital and research in chemistry and metabolism, heart disease, valvular heart disease. Third bio-organic chemistry, enzymology, hormone trimester: three hours per week. Six to twelve chemistry and action, and molecular biology. students. C. Fell. Undergraduate requirements for a major in biochemistry include courses in inorganic 8. Neurobiology Elective Described under chemistry, qualitative and quantitative chemistry, courses offered by the Field of Neurobiology organic chemistry, physical chemistry, physics, and Behavior. general biology, and mathematics (through 24 Instruction— Sloan Kettering Division

calculus). Any of these requirements not com­ S. L. Marcus: biochemistry of reverse pleted at the undergraduate level must be transcriptase and DNA polymerase completed during graduate study. P. W. Melera: growth and differentiation; bio­ chemistry of RNA Graduate Record Examinations scores in both L. K. Miller: hormone receptors: bio- and the Aptitude Test (verbal and quantitative) and physicochemistry the Advanced Test in chemistry or biology M. J. Modak: DNA polymerase; reverse are required. transcriptase; oncogenic viruses Students electing biochemistry as a major or J. S. Nisselbaum: mechanism of enzyme minor subject must complete the first term of activity; isozymes the General Biochemistry course (Biochemistry B. A. Otter: synthesis of antitumor compounds 2A) and the Advanced Biochemistry course as J. C. Parham: chemical carcinogenesis; minima) requirements. photochemistry; synthesis of antitumor drugs J. Roberts: enzyme therapy and nutritional All students are required to take an oral qualify­ deprivation of neoplasms ing examination. A written examination may be B. H. Rosenberg: mechanism and control of required at the discretion of the student’s DNA synthesis Special Committee. The Admission to Candi­ J. S. Salser: biochemical and immunological dacy Examination is both written and oral. characteristics of enzymes The only language requirements are those im­ A. S. Schneider: membrane structure and posed by the student’s Special Committee. function; biopolymerspectroscopy M. K. Schwartz: antigens, hormones, and Special Interests of the Faculty enzymes in cancer detection; automated clinical biochemistry N. W. Alcock: trace metals; parenteral nutrition M. R. Sherman: mechanism of steroid hormone L. H. Augenlicht: transcriptional control, action eukaryotes V. P. Skipski: lipid metabolism and malignancy M. E. Balis: enzyme regulation; purine M. Sonenberg: mechanism of peptide hormone metabolism action; liquid control of membrane structure A. Bendich: macromolecules; biochemical and function genetics; mammalian cell transformation G. Stohrer: carcinogenesis and cell differentia­ R. S. Bookman: parathyroid action, hyper­ tion calcemia and carcinogenesis N. I. Swislocki: hormone action and plasma E. Borenfreund: biochemical genetics; chemical membranes carcinogenesis P. P. Trotta: adenosine deaminase, growth and G. B. Brown: chemical carcinogenesis; inter­ differentiation mediary metabolism K. A. Watanabe: synthesis of nucleoside anti­ R. M. Burger: cell transformation; virus-cell biotics and antimetabolites interaction S. S. Witkin: carcinogenesis and embryo- L. F. Cavalieri: reverse transcriptase; macro­ genesis molecules L. C. Yip: enzymes in purine metabolism, aging, Z. Darzynkiewicz: differentiation and carcino­ carcinogenesis genesis D. B. Donner: hormone action; cell surface Courses regulation J. D. Fissekis: structural and functional rela­ 1. General Biochemistry (Biochemistry 2A and tionships of biomolecules 2B) The course and hours are described on M. Fleisher: tumor associated antigens; clinical p. 28 under Interdivisional Courses. chemical automation J. J. Fox: development of antitumor and anti­ 2. Advanced Biochemistry The course and viral chemicals hours are described on p. 28 under Inter­ A. Giner-Sorolla: synthesis of antitumor and divisional Courses. antiviral chemical; carcinogenesis V. G. Glushko: growth hormone action; cell Biology membrane organization S. Green: isolation of tumor necrotizing factor; Faculty macrophage enzymes M. G. Hamilton: eukaryotic ribosomes; char­ J. Abbott, A. M. Albrecht, R. S. Anderson, acterization of nucleic acid and proteins D. Bennett, J. L. Biedler, A. Birnbaum, E. A. U. Hammerling: differentiation of lymphocytes; Boyse, A. T. H. Burness, P. L. Chello, Y. S. immunochemistry of T and B cells Choi, T.-C. Chou, R. G. Coffey, N. K. Day, L. Kopelovich: chromosomal proteins, nucleic S. B. Day, E. deHarven, E. E. Deschner, acids, and neoplastic transformation B. Dupont, M. G. Eisinger, D. P. Evenson, W. Kreis: biochemical pharmacology; bio­ R. B. Faanes, E. Fleissner, J. E. Fogh, G. Gold­ chemistry of macromolecules stein, P. J. Gomatos, R. A. Good, J. W. Hadden, Instruction— Sloan Kettering Division 25

J. A. Hansen, W. D. Hardy, Jr., Y. Hirshaut, R. S. Anderson: phylogeny; immunity and J, A. Hirst, M. Hoffman, D. J. Hutchison, cancer N. Ikegami, G. Incefy, A. J. Kenyon, Y. B. Kim, D. Bennett: developmental genetics and P. W. Kincade, G. C, Koo, R. M. Krug, G. W, differentiation Litman, C. Lopez, H. Marquardt, B. M. Mehta, J. L. Biedler: somatic cell genetics and M. R, Melamed, V, Mikb, M, A, S. Moore, oncogenic potential M. J. Murphy, Jr., C. C. Muscoplat, H. F. Oettgen, A. Birnbaum: biostatistics and statistical L. J. Old, R. J. O'Reilly, R. H. F. Peterson, F. S. inference Philips, W. Prensky, P. Ralph, F. K. Sanders, E. A. Boyse: immunogenetics of the cell surface N. H. Sarkar, M. Scheid, T. M. Setcavage, A. T. H. Burness: molecular biology of RNA F. P. Siegal, M. Siniscalco, F. M. Sirotnak, tumor viruses E, M. Smithwick, C. W. Stackpole, S. S. Stern­ P. L. Chello: molecular therapeutics and berg, 0. Stutman, M. N. Teller, H. Thaler, pharmacology L. Thomas, S. S. Wachtel, M. S. Zedeck Y. S. Choi: immunobiology— tumor and lymphoid cell interactions Unit Chairperson T.-C. Chou: molecular pharmacology and enzymology E. deHarven, Sloan-Kettering Division, Kettering R. G. Coffey: regulatory and effector hormones Laboratory, Room 421 N. K. Day: comparative and developmental studies of the complement system The program in biology is oriented toward an S. B. Day: biomedical communication understanding of factors that initiate control E. deHarven: ultrastructure of cells, viruses, and and modify growth and biological develop­ cell surfaces ment. Opportunity is offered for advanced work E, E. Deschner: proliferation and differentiation and research in cell biology, cytology, genetics, of gastrointestinal epithelium immunology, microbiology, pharmacology, B, Dupont: human immunogenetics pathology, biostatistics, and virology. M. G. Eisinger: human wart virus studies Undergraduate prerequisites for a major in D. P. Evenson: ultrastructure of RNA and DNA biology include courses in inorganic chemistry, and RNA tumor virus organic chemistry, qualitative and quantitative R. B. Faanes: immunobiology; target cell- chemistry, physics (mechanics, electricity, and lymphocyte-anti body interaction magnetism; sound, heat, and light), mathe­ E. Fleissner: molecular, biological, and matics (through calculus), and general biology immunological studies of murine leukemia or zoology or botany or microbiology. Physical viruses chemistry is recommended. Any of these re­ J. E. Fogh: cancer cell biology and virology quirements not completed at the undergraduate G. Goldstein: T cells; thymopoietin level must be completed during the first year P. J, Gomatos: biochemistry and genetics of of graduate study. animal viruses and transformed cells Graduate Record Examinations in both the R. A. Good: immunobiology and cellular Aptitude Test (verbal and quantitative) and the engineering Advanced Test in biology or chemistry are J. W. Hadden: immunopharmacology required. J. A. Hansen: human histocompatibility complex; immune reconstitution Programs are determined individually on the W. D. Hardy, Jr.: feline lymphosarcoma basis of interest, training, and prior experience. (leukemia) Elective courses in basic medical sciences Y. Hirshaut: human tumor antigens include those described for the Medical College. J. A. Hirst: cellular immunity; T cell function Formal graduate courses, seminars, and and development tutorials are arranged with the faculties of the M. Hoffman: regulation of humoral immunity Sloan-Kettering Division and the Medical D. J. Hutchison: microbiology; drug resistance College Division. and cytoregulation Degree requirements include successful com­ N. Ikegami: biochemistry of viral mutants pletion of three examinations: (1) qualifying, G. Incefy: lymphocyte (T and B cells) (2) Admission to Candidacy, and (3) defense of differentiation thesis. A major and two minor subjects are A. J. Kenyon: pathogenesis of iymphoprolifera- also required. The foreign language require­ tive diseases ment will be determined by the student’s Special Y. B. Kim: ontogeny of immune systems and Committee. microbial toxins P. W. Kincade: hematopoietic differentiation; Special Interests of the Faculty immunoglobulins G. C. Koo: immunogenetics of sperm J. Abbott: differentiation and ceil surface R. M. Krug: biochemistry of transcription, antigens translation and viral replication A. M. Albrecht: folate metabolism and trans­ G. W. Litman: immunoglobulins; malignant formation and control mechanisms transformation and carcinogenesis 26 Instruction— Sloan Kettering Division

C. Lopez: immunopathology; herpes and slow examine specially prepared materials. Micro­ viruses scopes will be provided. Methods of light H. Marquardt: chemical carcinogenesis; pharma­ microscopy, autoradiography, enzymecyto- cology of antitumor agents chemistry, immunofluorescence, cytology of B. M. Mehta: quantitative microbiology; genetics tissue culture, etc. will be emphasized. Other M. R. Melamed: cytophysics and cytochemistry materials will deal with microscopic anatomy of V. Mikd: biostatistics; robust estimation normal and neoplastic tissues (i.e. liver and M. A. S. Moore: multipotential stem cells; hepatoma; white blood cells and leukemia). granulopoiesis Third trimester. E. P. deHarven, S. S. Sternberg, M. J. Murphy: erythropoietin; cell differentia­ and staff. tion C. C. Muscoplat: ontogeny, antibody formation, 3. Virology A formal course in which major hypersensitivity emphasis is placed on the basic mechanisms H. F. Oettgen: cellular immune reactions in the biology of animal viruses. The topics con­ L. J. Old: cancer immunology and immuno­ sidered include virus structure and composition: therapy assay of viruses and viral-specific products; R. J. O’Reilly: microbial immunology interaction of viruses with receptors and anti­ R, H. F. Peterson: malignancy; plasma bodies; syntheses of viral nucleic acids and membrane composition proteins and assembly of viral particles; struc­ F. S, Philips: pharmacology of antitumor and tural and functional alterations in viral-infected carcinogenic agents cells; pathogenesis of viral diseases; and viral W. Prensky: molecular cytogenetics genetics. Not offered in 1976-77. P. J. Gomatos P. M. Ralph: immunobiology, hematopoiesis, and staff. oncogenesis F. K. Sanders: molecular events in viral 4. Fundamentals of Cell Biology An inter­ infections disciplinary tutorial course designed to explore, N. H. Sarkar: morphology of RNA oncogenic at a fundamental level, those aspects of viruses cellularity that relate to the interaction be­ M. Scheid: regulation of T and B cell differentia­ tween cells and their environment. Classes will tion be led by a panel of faculty members, discus­ T. M. Setcavage: ontogeny and regulation of sion of a particular topic to be initiated by immunity an individual with a special interest in that F. P. Siegal: pathophysiology of immune subject. A pair of sessions will be held each deficiencies week. The first session each week will com­ M. Siniscalco: somatic cell genetics prise: introduction of a topic, an outline of F. M. Sirotnak: regulation; mutagenesis; points of interest and importance in that area, transport and drug action and the assignment of a reading list; the sec­ E. M. Smithwick: neutrophil function and ond will be discussion of the topic in depth. metabolism The main purpose will be to compare the way C, W. Stackpole: immunological and ultra- in which prokaryotic cells, unicellular organisms structural changes during differentiation and such as protozoa, constitutive eukaryotic cells malignant transformation of multicellular organisms, and cells in tissue S. S. Sternberg: pathology and drug toxicity culture, react to and upon their environment. 0. Stutman: cellular immunobiology; onco­ Comparisons will be made at the morphological, genesis biochemical, molecular, biological, and be­ M. N. Teller: aging; immunology; oncogenesis havioral levels. There will be discussions of H. Thaler: biostatistics; clinical trials cell replication, modes of expression of the L. Thomas: microbial toxins and mycoplasma cellular genome, and their regulation. Inter­ S. S. Wachtel: immunogenetics cellular as well as intracellular controls of M. S. Zedeck: mechanisms of chemical biochemical activities (e.g. DNA, RNA, and carcinogenesis; biochemistry of antitumor protein synthesis) and aspects of embryogenesis drugs and histodifferentiation insofar as a comparison of the above classes of cells can throw light Courses in the processes concerned. Second and third trimesters. F, K. Sanders, E. deHarven, and 1. Introductory Microscopic Anatomy The staff. course is described on p. 28 under Inter­ divisional Courses. 5. Cell Culture Techniques Short term course in tissue culture techniques for limited number 2. Microscopy for Cancer Research A labo­ of students at the Walker Laboratory in Rye. ratory course. An introduction to the biology Each course, with two students in attendance, of cancer. Various methods of light microscopy will run for a two week period. The following are primary teaching techniques. Sessions con­ two course periods are available in the fall sist of lectures and/or demonstrations, fol­ semester: September 27 through October 8, lowed by a laboratory in which students will 1976; November 29 through December 10, 1976. Instruction— Sloan Kettering Division 27

The course work will include the theoretical Graduate work is offered leading to the Ph.D. and practical aspects of tissue culture with degree in biophysics and the M.S. degree in demonstrations and practice. It will cover radiation physics. A candidate for the Ph.D. must general and special techniques as they apply to have a B.A. or B.S. degree with a major in various fields of cancer research. Methods physics, or with a major in biology, chemistry, of prevention and detection of tissue culture or mathematics and a minor in physics. A contaminants will be demonstrated. J. Fogh. candidate for the M.S. must have a B.A. or B.S. in physics from a recognized university. 6. Genetics Seminar Described on p. 15 under Graduate Record Examination scores in both the the Field of Genetics. Aptitude Test (verbal and quantitative) and the Advanced Test in physics, mathematics, 7. General Microbiology Described on p. 28 chemistry, or biology are strongly recommended. under Interdivisional Courses. Undergraduate prerequisites for the Ph.D. candidate include courses in general physics, 8. Advanced Immunology Described on p. 28 electricity and magnetism, mechanics, mathe­ under Interdivisional Courses. matics (through calculus), and thermodynamics, and acceptable laboratory experience in these 9. Biostatistics I: Introduction to Statistical subjects. Any of those requirements not Reasoning It is the aim of this course to help completed at the undergraduate level must be participants gain some insight into the theory completed during graduate study. Graduate underlying a probabilistic approach to the course work required for the Ph.D. is flexible treatment of observational or experimental data, depending upon the student’s background and and to acquaint them with the most basic basic interests but ordinarily would include techniques of statistical analysis. Prerequisite: advanced quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, elementary algebra. First trimester. V. Mikd. and nuclear physics and courses in the student's minor subjects. In addition, a month Biostatistics II: Methods of Statistical Science spent full time on a laboratory project is Application of concepts introduced in Bio­ required in each of the two minor disciplines. statistics I to the fields of experimental design, Students must pass both a qualifying exami­ curve fitting, and analysis of count data. nation covering various basic aspects of their Prerequisite: Biostatistics I or equivalent. Sec­ major and minor subjects and the Examination ond trimester. H. Thaler. for Admission to Ph.D. Candidacy. The thesis required for the Ph.D. in biophysics should Biostatistics III: Practical Data Analysis demonstrate the ability of the student to make a Discussion of actual case studies, selected thorough and original investigation in an im­ research projects of the biostatistics faculty and portant area of biophysics. There is no biomedical researchers and faculty. Prerequi­ mandatory foreign language requirement. site: Biostatistics I and II, or equivalent. Some of the research projects in biophysics V. Mikd and staff. that are pertinent to the Ph.D. program include: kinetics of the distribution of various isotope- Biostatistics Workshop Experience in the use labeled compounds in man; metabolism of of modern computing equipment for the analysis biologically important compounds in tissue of scientific data; opportunity to interact with cultures of human tumor cells and in bacteria; professional statisticians engaged in bio­ the mechanism of radiation action on bacteria medical research. Held on the premises of the and small animals, including metabolism studies Biostatistics Laboratory. Prerequisite: con­ with human and other tumors influenced by current enrollment in Biostatistics I, II, or III. radiation under different environmental condi­ One session per week: first, second, and third tions; fundamental radiobiological studies of trimesters. V. Mike and staff. mammalian cells in tissue culture, study of the early radiation-induced processes in cells using Biophysics high-intensity pulsed irradiation techniques; the investigation, using existing computer facili­ Faculty ties, of mathematical models which simulate the behavior of biological systems, e.g. the L, L. Anderson, R. E. Bigler, B. Djordjevic, proliferation of cells in human leukemia; the J. Fried, A. Gelbard, E. W, Hahn, J. H. Kim, measurement of radiation by calorimetric, T. Y. T. Kuo, J. S. Laughlin, J. M. McDonald, chemical, and solid-state techniques; the G, A, Russ, R. S. Tilbury, L, Zeitz measurement of bone mineral content in the human. Unit Chairperson A candidate for the M.S. must have a B.A. or B.S. in physics from a recognized university and L. Zeitz, Sloan-Kettering Division, Room 206K, have completed undergraduate courses in Kettering Laboratory general physics, mechanics, electronics, elec­ 28 Interdivisional Courses

tricity and magnetism, modern physics, and Courses mathematics through differential equations. The candidate is expected to satisfactorily pass 1. Radiological Physics Lectures and prob­ courses selected from some of the following lems. A series of hourly lectures and assigned subjects: physics, biophysics, biology, radio- problems in applied mathematics, fundamentals biology, biochemistry, and biomathematics and of radiation physics, X-ray and radium treat­ must minor in one of those subjects other ment planning, diagnostic X-ray principles, than physics. The thesis subject must be in the radiation protection, and uses of radioactive field of radiation physics and must represent a isotopes. comprehensive study demonstrating a thorough knowledge of the chosen subject. A final oral 2. Radiobiology A semester course in funda­ examination will be given, primarily on the mental radiobiology dealing with the effects of subject of the thesis and may be preceded by radiation on cells, viruses, and macromolecules, a written examination covering the fundamental as well as on whole animals. The course also principles of the course work. There is no covers areas of radiation physics and radiation mandatory foreign language requirement. chemistry pertinent to radiobiology.

The course of study leading to the M.S. degree 3. Advanced Biophysics Laboratory courses in radiation physics trains physicists in the in each of the topics of radiation biophysics. various aspects of production, measurement, and application of radiation to various medical 4. Biophysics Colloquia Reports on research and biological problems. These problems par­ in progress by faculty and outside lecturers. ticularly involve the use of radiation in the Required for majors in biophysics. diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A variety of radiation sources is available, capable of generating photons and electrons with energies Interdivisional Courses ranging from 5 Kev to 25 Mev and with electron dose-rates up to 10'4 rads per second. 1. General Biochemistry (Biochemistry 2A Experience also is provided in the handling and 2B) Offered by the staff of the Field of and use of many different radioisotopes. The Biochemistry, Medical College Division, and of magnitude and variety of facilities and unique the Biochemistry Unit, Sloan-Kettering Division. radiation projects at the Sloan-Kettering Institute This is an introductory course designed to and the Memorial Hospital are particularly provide the student with a knowledge of the pertinent for training in this area. An important fundamentals of biochemistry and an apprecia­ feature is the coexistence of fundamental tion of the molecular basis of biological phe­ research and practical and clinical applications nomena. Graduate students in biochemistry are in the same center. required to pass this course (or its equivalent) prior to pursuing advanced courses. Fall tri­ Special Interests of the Faculty mester: M T Th F 2-3. Winter trimester: T Th F 2-3. E. Breslow, J. D. Gass, L. Kopelo- L. L. Anderson: radiation dosimetry vich, and staff. R. E. Bigler: in vivo neutron activation analysis B. Djordjevic: radiobiological mechanisms in 2. Advanced Biochemistry A graduate course synchronous cells in biochemistry is offered jointly by the faculties J. Fried: kinetics of cellular proliferation of the Medical College Division and the Sloan- Kettering Division. In each trimester, two lec­ A. S. Gelbard: enzymatic synthesis of com­ tures are given each week. It is not essential pounds labeled with short-lived isotopes that students take the course in any particular E. W. Hahn: cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia sequence. The following subjects will be con­ on neoplastic cells sidered at an advanced level, with particular J. H. Kim: mechanisms in combined use of attention to contributions of recent research. hyperthermia and systemic chemotherapy Winter trimester— Physical Biochemistry: T. Y. Kuo: fast neutron beams: quality and Methodology. R. S. Bockman and staff. Spring dosimetry trimester— Cellular Regulation and Control. J. S. Laughlin: metabolic studies with radio­ A. Bendich and staff. nuclide labeled compounds J. M. McDonald: computerized data taking 3. General Microbiology Offered by the staff and analysis concerned with short half-life; of the Field of Microbiology of the Medical cyclotron produced isotopes College Division and of the Biology Unit of the G. A. Russ: chemistry and metabolism of Sloan-Kettering Division. Intended to provide a short-lived labeled compounds general knowledge of the subject for students R. S. Tilbury: radiopharmaceuticals for use in minoring in microbiology and for nonminors nuclear medicine who want a background in the subject. It is L. Zeitz: mechanisms of damage and repair in not intended primarily for students majoring mammalian cells in the subject who already have an extensive Special Programs 29

background from undergraduate study. This course is designed for graduate students Aspects of microbiology covered include funda­ and consists of lectures and laboratory exer­ mental procedures, microbial growth and cises on cell structure and the organiza­ physiology, genetics, immunology and serology, tion and development of tissues and organs. virology, plant and animal pathogens, and Selected concepts of fine structure, processes applied microbiology. Auditors from all fields of differentiation, and genetic regulation are and units are welcome. D. J. Hutchison and presented. A microscope slide collection, pre­ W. M. O’Leary. senting tissues and organs in a variety of physiological and developmental states, as 4. Advanced Immunology Lectures, discus­ well as correlative electron micrographs are sions, and assigned readings will cover: provided for individual study in the laboratory. properties of antigens and antibodies; mech­ This course is given during the first trimester anism of antibody formation; phylogeny and and, together with Fundamentals of Cell Biology ontogeny of the immune system; structural and (second and third trimesters) and Microscopy functional aspects of the immune system; for Cancer Research (third trimester), con­ effector mechanisms of antibody- and cell- stitutes a sequence of courses which introduces mediated immunity; complement and other many of the methods of microscopic analysis. amplification systems; mechanisms of immune Students must provide their own compound injuries; regulation and control of the immune microscopes through their departments or response; genetics and immunology of trans­ sponsors. Lectures, two hours per week, and plants and tumors. Laboratory work will include laboratory, three hours per week; hours to the isolation, purification, quantitation, and be arranged. M. Spiegelman, G. Dooher, characterization of antibodies; the critical D. Bennett, and E. P. deHarven. measurement of antigen-antibodies reactions, and the dynamics of the in vivo antibody re­ sponse. The laboratory course is given every Special Programs third year. Not offered in 1976-77. D. H. Sussdorf. Minimal prerequisites are: introductory im­ Ph.D.-M.D. Program munology (as given in courses in general microbiology) and at least one semester (or Students enrolled in the Graduate School of its equivalent) of biochemistry. The lecture Medical Sciences are eligible for admission course is offered every second year during the into the Ph.D.-M.D. -Program, jointly sponsored second and third trimesters. Offered in 1976-77 by the Medical College and the Graduate School as follows: second trimester, two lectures of Medical Sciences. This program is designed weekly, Y. B, Kim and staff; third trimester, for those few graduate students whose teaching two lectures weekly, D. H. Sussdorf and staff. and research goals require the acquisition of the M.D. degree in addition to the Ph.D. degree. 5. The History and Philosophy of Science The program is not designed as an alternate This course is intended to familiarize both path for students who have the M.D. degree as graduate and medical students with the basic their primary goal, but who have not been nature of that method of thinking and doing accepted by a medical school. Those who called science, and with its long development know, at the time of application to Cornell, that from magic to its present multidisciplinary they wish to pursue a course of study leading state. The course begins with a consideration to both degrees should apply to one of the of the philosophical basis and tenets of M.D.-Ph.D. programs of the Medical College modern science. Following this essential intro­ described below. Only students enrolled in the duction, the progressive and intermingled Graduate School of Medical Sciences, or development of the various subdivisions of accepted for enrollment, are eligible for ad­ science is discussed against the background mission to the Ph.D.-M.D. Program at Cornell of other contemporary historical events. Both University Medical College. successful and unsuccessful schools of scien­ tific thought will be covered, the latter including Requirements for Admission alchemy, spontaneous generation, and phlogiston. Various presentations will be made Applications to this program are ordinarily made by panels of speakers drawn from several immediately upon completion of the first year disciplines. Class discussion and student of study in the Graduate School of Medical participation are encouraged. Third Trimester. Sciences, although more advanced students W. M. O’Leary and faculty from the Depart­ may be considered. The deadline for applica­ ments of Biochemistry, Medicine, Microbiology, tion is July 1. and Psychiatry. To apply, the student must submit to the 6. Introductory Microscopic Anatomy Offered Ph.D.-M.D. Committee of the Graduate School by the staff of the Field of Biological Structure of Medical Sciences: and Cell Biology, Medical College Division, 1. A completed application for admission with and of the Biology Unit, Sloan-Kettering Division. advanced standing to Cornell University Medical 30 Special Programs

College (obtainable from the Medical College University Medical College, (2) medical stu­ Admissions Office); dents already matriculated at the Medical 2. A plan of graduate study incorporating all College, and (3) resident physicians in hospitals required course work of the first two years of the affiliated with the Medical College. Medical College curriculum and endorsed by the student's Special Committee; Entering Medical Students 3. Evidence of successful completion of at least two major medical school basic science The applicant to this program for entering courses (anatomical sciences, biochemistry, medical students must apply to both the Cornell microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, physi­ University Medical College and the Graduate ology); School of Medical Sciences and be accepted 4. Two letters of evaluation from faculty of under the admissions procedures of both the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. schools. The Ph.D.-M.D. Committee of the Graduate The purpose of this program is to expose the School of Medical Sciences will review the student to both medical and graduate disci­ students' credentials and will select from among plines from the outset. The student spends the the applicants those students to be considered first two years as a medical student studying by the Committee on Admissions of Cornell the basic medical sciences and attending University Medical College, Only applicants regular graduate seminars. The summer months who are found to be acceptable for admis­ are spent in the laboratory learning experi­ sion to Cornell University Medical College by mental techniques and doing research. The third, its Committee on Admissions, after review of the fourth, and fifth years of the student's pro­ application and a personal interview, will be gram are spent as a full-time graduate student accepted into the Ph.D.-M.D. Program. Final and are devoted exclusively to laboratory decisions will be made before August 15. research and writing the thesis. The sixth year of the program is spent as a medical student Degree Requirements in clinical study. This six-year program repre­ Students accepted in this program must fulfill sents the minimum time required to satisfy the following requirements before admission to residence requirements of both the M.D. and the third year clinical curriculum of the Ph.D. degrees at Cornell University. Medical College: Ordinarily an entering medical student accepted 1. Complete all required graduate courses and into the M.D.-Ph.D. program will initially the remainder of the first two years of the register in both the Cornell University Medical medical curriculum. The students must satisfy College and the Graduate School of Medical the academic requirements of the medical cur­ Sciences. For the first and second years of the riculum as these are determined by each of the program, the student ordinarily will maintain departments of the first two years. registration as a full-time medical student and 2. Pass the Admission to Candidacy Examina­ be granted an administrative leave of absence tion required by the Graduate School of from the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. Medical Sciences. The student may accumulate residence credit 3. Complete the dissertation research; present in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences and successfully defend an original thesis at for full-time graduate study during the summer. the final examination for the Ph.D. degree. After satisfactory fulfillment of the required During the third and fourth years of the M.D.- clinical rotations of the Cornell third-year Ph.D. program, a student ordinarily will be medical curriculum, these students may receive registered as a full-time graduate student and credit for their graduate studies to satisfy the will be granted an administrative leave of elective requirements of the fourth-year medical absence from the Medical College. While curriculum and will then be recommended registered in the Graduate School of Medical for award of the M.D. degree by Cornell Sciences, the student will be subject to the University. tuition schedule of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. In general, a student will be While registered as a graduate student in the registered in both the Cornell University Ph.D.-M.D. program the student is subject Medical College and the Graduate School of to the tuition schedule of the Graduate School Medical Sciences during the last year of study of Medical Sciences. Upon completion of the for the Ph.D., which in most cases will be the requirements for the Ph.D. degree, the student fifth year of the program. During the final year is registered in the Medical College and is of the program, usually the sixth year, a subject to the tuition schedule of the Cornell student will be registered only in the Cornell University Medical College. University Medical College. M.D.-Ph.D. Program A student in the M.D.-Ph.D. program is liable for tuition to the school in which registered. Programs of study leading to the Ph.D. degree During the year in which the student is regis­ are available to (1) students entering Cornell tered in both the Cornell University Medical Special Programs 31

College and the Graduate School of Medical degree is granted at the end of that year. Sciences, the student will be liable for half Research in the area of the Ph.D. thesis topic the tuition to each school. is begun during the fifth year. A two-year period of full-time research is a realistic minimum Matriculated Medical Students estimate for the time required to execute the experimental and theoretical work necessary A medical student enrolled in the Cornell to fulfill the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. University Medical College may interrupt medical studies at any time to pursue full-time graduate Resident Physicians study leading to the Ph.D. degree. The student must fulfill all regular requirements of the The resident physician may enroll in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. A maxi­ Graduate School of Medical Sciences as a mum of two residence credits for basic science full-time graduate student working toward the course work taken in the medical curriculum Ph.D. Part-time graduate study is not permitted. can be granted toward the Ph.D. degree after A maximum of two residence credits for the student passes an evaluation examination. medical school course work in the basic sciences can be granted toward the residence A medical student who elects to begin graduate requirements of the Ph.D. degree after the work leading to the Ph.D. degree in the senior student passes an evaluation examination. year of medical school may register in both the Cornell University Medical College and Prospective applicants to these programs should the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. communicate with the associate dean of the The student begins his or her graduate didactic Graduate School of Medical Sciences. work during that year, and, ordinarily, the M.D.

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University Administration

Dale R. Corson, President of the University Faculty David C. Knapp, University Provost William G. Herbster, Senior Vice President Professors Mark Barlow, Jr., Vice Provost W, Donald Cooke, Vice President for Research Vincent G. Allfrey, Visiting Professor of Genetics. June M. Fessenden-Raden, Vice Provost B.S. 1943, City College of New York; M.S. William D. Gurowitz, Vice President for 1948, Ph.D. 1949, Columbia University Campus Affairs M. Earl Balis, Professor of Biochemistry. B.A. Robert T. Horn, Vice President and Chief 1943, Temple University; Ph.D. 1949, Univer­ Investment Officer sity of Pennsylvania Samuel A. Lawrence, Vice President for Alexander G. Bearn, Professor of Medicine. Administration M.B., B.S. 1946, M.D. 1951, University of E. Hugh Luckey, Vice President for Medical London Affairs Carl G. Becker, Professor of Pathology. B.S. Robert M. Matyas, Vice President for Planning 1957, Yale University; M.D. 1961, Cornell and Facilities University Paul L. McKeegan, Vice Provost Aaron Bendich, Professor of Biochemistry. B.S. Arthur H. Peterson, University Treasurer and 1939, City College of New York; Ph.D. 1946, Chief Fiscal Officer Columbia University Richard M. Ramin, Vice President for Dorothea Bennett, Professor of Biology. A.B. Public Affairs 1951, Barnard College; Ph.D. 1956, Columbia Byron W, Saunders, Dean of the University University Faculty Allan Birnbaum, Visiting Professor of Bio­ Neal R. Stamp, University Counsel and statistics. A.B. 1945, University of California Secretary of the Corporation at Los Angeles; Ph.D. 1954, Columbia University Edward A. Boyse, Professor of Biology. B.S. Graduate School of 1952, M.D. 1957, University of London William A. Briscoe, Professor of Medicine. Medical Sciences B.A. 1939, M.A. 1941, B.M., B.Ch. 1942, Administration D.M. 1951, Oxford University Dana C. Brooks, Professor of Anatomy. B.E.E. Dale R. Corson, President of the University 1949, M.D. 1957, Cornell University George B. Brown, Professor of Biochemistry. E. Hugh Luckey, Vice President for Medical B.S. 1934, Illinois Wesleyan University; Ph.D. Affairs William W. Lambert, Dean of the Graduate 1938, University of Illinois School John J. Burns, Adjunct Professor of Pharmacol­ Thomas H. Meikle, Jr., Dean of the Graduate ogy. B.S. 1942, Queens College; M.A. 1948, School of Medical Sciences; Associate Dean Ph.D. 1950, Columbia University of the Graduate School Liebe F. Cavalieri, Professor of Biochemistry. Julian R. Rachele, Associate Dean of the B.S. 1943, Ph.D. 1945, University of Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Pennsylvania Assistant Dean of the Graduate School Walter W. Y. Chan, Professor of Pharmacology. Robert A. Good, Director, Sloan-Kettering B.A. 1956, University of Wisconsin; Ph.D. Division 1961, Columbia University Dorris J. Hutchison, Associate Director, Yong S. Choi, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1961, Sloan-Kettering Division Seoul National University (Korea); M.S., Ph.D. 34 Register

1965, University of Minnesota D.V.M. 1957, Ph.D. 1961, University of George C. Cotzias, Professor of Neurology. Minnesota M.D. 1943, Harvard University Yoon B. Kim, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1958, Stacey B. Day, Professor of Biology. M.D. 1955, School of Medicine, Seoul National University Royal College of Surgeons (Ireland); Ph.D. (Korea); Ph.D. 1965, University of Minnesota 1964, McGill University (Canada); D.Sc. 1971, John S. Laughlin, Professor of Biophysics. A.B. University of Cincinnati 1940, W illamette University; Ph.D. 1947, Etienne P. deHarven, Professor of Biology. University of Illinois M.D. 1953, Universite Libre de Bruxelles Alton Meister, Israel Rogosin Professor of John T. Ellis, Professor of Pathology. B.A. Biochemistry. S.B. 1942, Harvard University; 1942, University of Texas; M.D. 1945, North­ M.D. 1945, Cornell University western University Robert C. Mellors, Professor of Pathology. Betty J. Flehinger, Adjunct Professor of Bio­ A.B. 1937, M.A. 1938, Ph.D. 1940, Western mathematics. A.B. 1941, Barnard College; Reserve University; M.D. 1944, Johns Hopkins M.A. 1942, Cornell University; Ph.D. 1960, University Columbia University C. Richard Minick, Professor of Pathology. Jack J. Fox, Professor of Biochemistry. A.B. 1939, B.S. 1957, University of Wyoming; M.D. 1960, Ph.D. 1950, University of Colorado Cornell University James L. German III, Clinical Professor of Malcolm A. S. Moore, Professor of Biology. Anatomy. B.S. 1945, Louisiana Polytechnic M.B. 1963, B.A. 1964, D. Phil. 1967, M.A. Institute; M.D. 1949, Southwestern University 1970, University of Oxford (England) Michael D. Gershon, Visiting Professor of George E. Murphy, Professor of Pathology. Anatomy. B.A. 1958, M.D. 1963, Cornell A.B. 1939, University of Kansas; M.D. 1943, University University of Pennsylvania Gideon Goldstein, Professor of Biology. M.B., Ralph L. Nachman, Professor of Medicine. B.S. 1959, M.D. 1963, Ph.D. 1967, University A.B. 1953, M.D. 1956, Vanderbilt University of Melbourne (Australia) Lloyd J. Old, Professor of Biology. B.A. 1955, Sanford Goldstone, Professor of Psychology in M.D. 1958, University of California Psychiatry. B.S. 1947, City College of New William M. O'Leary, Professor of Microbiology. York; Ph.D. 1953, Duke University B.S. 1952, M.S. 1953, Ph.D. 1957, University Peter J. Gomatos, Professor of Microbiology. of Pittsburgh S.B. 1950, Massachusetts Institute of Tech­ Frederick S. Philips, Professor of Pharmacology. nology; M.D. 1954, Johns Hopkins University; B.A. 1936, Columbia University; Ph.D. 1940, Ph.D. 1963, Rockefeller University University of Rochester Robert A. Good, Professor of Pathology. B.A. Fred Plum, Anne Parrish Titzell Professor of 1944, M.B. 1946, M.D. 1947, Ph.D. 1947, Neurology. B.A. 1944, Dartmouth College; University of Minnesota M.D. 1947, Cornell University Bernice Grafstein, Professor of Physiology. Aaron S. Posner, Professor of Biochemistry. B.A. 1951, University of Toronto; Ph.D. 1954, B.S. 1941, Rutgers University; M.S. 1949, McGill University (Canada) Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn; Ph.D. 1954, Roger L. Greif, Professor of Physiology and University of Lidge (Belgium) Biophysics. B.S. 1937, Haverford College; Julian R. Rachele, Professor of Biochemistry. M.D. 1941, Johns Hopkins University B.A. 1934, M.S. 1935, Ph.D. 1939, New York Wilbur D. Hagamen, Professor of Anatomy. University B.S. 1945, Baldwin-W allace College; M.D. Marcus M. Reidenberg, Professor of Pharmacol­ 1951, Cornell University ogy. B.S. 1954, Cornell University; M.D. Bernard L. Horecker, Adjunct Professor of 1958, Temple University Biochemistry. B.S. 1936, Ph.D. 1939, Univer­ Donald J. Reis, Professor of Neurology. A.B. sity of Chicago 1953, M.D. 1956, Cornell University Dorris J. Hutchison, Professor of Microbiology. Walter F. Riker, Jr., Professor of Pharmacology. B.S. 1940, Western Kentucky State College; B.S. 1939, Columbia University; M.D. 1943, M.S. 1943, University of Kentucky; Ph.D. 1949, Cornell University Rutgers University Albert L. Rubin, Professor of Biochemistry in Norman B. Javitt, Professor of Medicine. A.B. Surgery. M.D. 1950, Cornell University 1947, Syracuse University; Ph.D. 1951, Uni­ Sol I. Rubinow, Professor of Biomathematics. versity of North Carolina; M.D. 1954, Duke B.S. 1944, City College of New York; M.S. University 1947, Brown University; Ph.D. 1951, University Attallah Kappas, Professor of Pharmacology. of Pennsylvania A.B. 1947, Columbia University; M.D. 1950, F. Kingsley Sanders, Professor of Cell Biology. University of Chicago B.A. 1939, Ph.D. 1942, Oxford University Aaron Kellner, Clinical Professor of Pathology. Charles A. Santos-Buch, Professor of Pathology. B.A. 1934, Yeshiva College; M.S. 1936, A.B. 1953, Harvard University; M.D. 1957, Columbia University; M.D. 1939, University of Cornell University Chicago Brij B. Saxena. Professor of Endocrinology in Alan J. Kenyon, Professor of Biology. A.B. 1954, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Ph.D. 1954, Uni- Register 35

versity of Lucknow (India); Dr, rer. nat. 1957, Alvito P. Alvares, Adjunct Associate Professor of University of Muenster; Ph.D. 1961, University Pharmacology. B.Sc. 1957, University of of Wisconsin Bombay (India); M.S. 1961, University of William F. Scherer, Professor of Microbiology. Detroit; Ph.D. 1966, University of Chicago M.D. 1947, University of Rochester Daniel R. Alonso, Associate Professor of William N. Schoenfeld, Clinical Professor of Pathology. M.D. 1962, University of Cuyo Psychology in Psychiatry. B.S. 1937, City Sulamita Balagura-Baruch, Associate Professor College of New York; A.M. 1939, Ph.D. 1942, of Physiology, M.D. 1959, University del Valle Columbia University (Colombia); Ph.D. 1963, Cornell University Morton K. Schwartz, Professor of Biochemistry. Barry A. Berkowitz, Adjunct Associate Pro­ B.A. 1948, Lehigh University; Ph.D. 1952, fessor of Pharmacology. B.S. 1964, North­ Boston University eastern University; Ph.D. 1968, University of Arthur K. Shapiro, Clinical Professor of Pharma­ California cology in Psychiatry. B.S.S. 1951, City College June L. Biedler, Associate Professor of Biology. of New York; M.D. 1955, University of Chicago A.B. 1947, Vassar College; Ph.D. 1959, Cornell Selma Silagi, Professor of Genetics in University Obstetrics and Gynecology. A.B. 1936, Ira B. Black, Associate Professor of Neurology. Hunter College; Ph.D. 1961, Columbia Uni­ A.B. 1961, Columbia College; M.D. 1965, versity Harvard University Marcello Siniscalco, Professor of Biology. M.D. Ellen Borenfreund, Associate Professor of 1948, University of Naples (Italy) Biochemistry. B.S. 1946, Hunter College; Julio L. Sirlin, Professor of Anatomy. D.Sc. 1953, Ph.D. 1957, New York University University of Buenos Aires (Argentina) Esther M. Breslow, Associate Professor of Francis M. Sirotnak, Professor of Microbiology. Biochemistry. B.S. 1953, Cornell University; B.S. 1950, University of Scranton; Ph.D. 1954, M.S. 1955, Ph.D. 1959, New York University University of Maryland Peter Bullough, Associate Professor of Pathol­ Gregory W. Siskind, Professor of Medicine. ogy. M.D. 1956, Liverpool University (England) B.A. 1955, Cornell University; M.D. 1959, Alfred T. H. Burness, Associate Professor of New York University Cell Biology. B.Sc. 1955, Ph.D. 1959, Liverpool Gerard P. Smith, Professor of Psychiatry University (England) (Behavioral Science). B.S. 1956, St. Joseph’s B. Shannon Danes, Associate Professor of College; M.D. 1960, University of Pennsylvania Medicine. B.A. 1948, Mount Holyoke; M.A. Martin Sonenberg, Professor of Biochemistry, 1949; University of Texas; Ph.D. 1952, State B.S. 1941, University of Pennsylvania; M.D. University of Iowa; M.D. 1962, Columbia 1944, Ph.D. 1952, New York University University Kurt H. Stenzel. Professor of Biochemistry in Noorbibi K. Day, Associate Professor of Biology. Surgery. B.A. 1954, New York University; B.A. 1956, M.A. 1960, Trinity College (Ireland); M.D. 1958, Cornell University Ph.D. 1967, McGill University (Canada) C. Chester Stock, Professor of Biochemistry. Eleanor E. Deschner, Associate Professor of B.S. 1932, Rose Polytechnic Institute; Ph.D. Biology. B.A. 1949, Notre Dame of Staten 1937, Johns Hopkins University Island; M.S. 1951, Ph.D. 1954, Fordham Osias Stutman, Professor of Biology. B.A. 1950, University Colegio Nacional Sarmiento (Argentina); Robert W. Dickerman, Associate Professor of M.D. 1957, Buenos Aires University Medical Microbiology. B.S. 1951, Cornell University; School (Argentina) M.A. 1953, University of Arizona; Ph.D. 1961, Roy C. Swan, Joseph C. Hinsey Professor of University of Minnesota Anatomy. A.B. 1941, M.D, 1947, Cornell Thomas E. Duffy, Associate Professor of Bio­ University chemistry in Neurology; Assistant Professor Lewis Thomas, Professor of Biology. B.S. 1933, of Biochemistry (Neurology). B.S, 1962, Princeton University; M.D. 1937, Harvard Loyola College; Ph.D. 1967, University of University; M.A. 1969, Yale University Alan Van Poznak, Professor of Pharmacology; Maryland Professor of Anesthesiology. A.B. 1948, M.D. Bo Dupont, Associate Professor of Biology. 1952, Cornell University M.D. 1966, University of Arhus (Denmark) Erich H. Windhager, Professor of Physiology. Colin Fell, Associate Professor of Physiology. M.D. 1954, University of Vienna (Austria) A.B. 1951, Antioch; M.S. 1953, Ph.D. 1957, Wayne State University Associate Professors John D. Fissekis, Associate Professor of Bio­ chemistry. B.S. 1954, University of Athens Alberta M. Albrecht, Associate Professor of (Greece); Ph.D. 1960, University of Texas Microbiology. B.S. 1951, Seton Hall College; Jurgen E. Fogh, Associate Professor of Micro­ Ph.D. 1961, Rutgers University biology. M.D. 1949, University of Copenhagen Fred H. Allen, Jr., Clinical Associate Professor (Denmark) of Pediatrics. A.B. 1934, Amherst College; Anna-Rita Fuchs, Adjunct Associate Professor M.D. 1938, Harvard University of Reproductive Biology in Obstetrics and 36 Register

Gynecology. M.Sc. 1955, University of Helsinki M.D. 1954, University of Zurich; Ph.D. 1957, (Finland) University of Basle (Switzerland) William A. Gibbons, Visiting Associate Professor Robert M. Krug, Associate Professor of Micro­ of Biochemistry. B.Sc. 1958, University of biology. B.A. 1961, Harvard University; Ph.D. Edinburgh (Scotland); M.Sc. 1960, University 1966, Rockefeller University of Alberta (Canada); Ph.D. 1964, University Henn Kutt, Associate Professor of Pharmacology. of Sheffield (England) M.D. 1950, University of Frankfurt (Germany) Helena Gilder, Associate Professor of Bio­ Roberto Levi, Associate Professor of Pharma­ chemistry in Surgery; Assistant Professor of cology. M.D. 1960, University of Florence Biochemistry. A.B. 1935, Vassar College; (Italy) M.D. 1940, Cornell University John E. Lewy, Associate Professor of Pediatrics. Alfredo Giner-Sorolla, Associate Professor of B.A. 1956, University of Michigan; M.D. 1960, Biochemistry. M.S. 1944, University of Tulane University Valencia (Spain); Ph.D. 1958, Cornell Martin Lipkin, Associate Professor of Medicine. University A.B. 1946, M.D. 1950, New York University Fakhry Girgis, Associate Professor of Anatomy. Gary W, Litman, Associate Professor of Biology. M.B., B.Ch. 1949, Cairo University (Egypt); B.A, 1967, Ph.D. 1972, University of Minnesota Ph.D. 1957, Queen's University (Belfast) Stephen D. Litwin, Associate Professor of Jack Goldstein, Associate Professor of Bio­ Medicine. B.A. 1955, Brooklyn College; M.D. chemistry. B.A. 1952, Brooklyn College; 1959, New York University M.N.S. 1957, Ph.D. 1959, Cornell University Thomas M. Maack, Associate Professor of Saul Green, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Physiology. M.D. 1962, University of Sao Paulo B.S. 1948, City College of New York; Ph.D. (Brazil) 1952, State University of Iowa Hans W. J. Marquardt, Associate Professor of John W. Hadden, Associate Professor of Pharmacology. M.D. 1964, University of Biology. B.A. 1961, Yale University; M.D. Cologne (Germany) 1965, Columbia University Thomas H. Meikle, Jr., Associate Professor of Mary G. Hamilton, Associate Professor of Bio­ Anatomy. A.B. 1951, M.D. 1954, Cornell chemistry. B.A. 1947, University of Buffalo; University Ph.D. 1961, Cornell University Myron R. Melamed, Associate Professor of Rudy H. Haschemeyer, Associate Professor of Biology. B.S. 1947, Western Reserve Uni­ Biochemistry. B.A. 1952, Carthage College; versity; M.D. 1950, University of Cincinnati Ph.D. 1957, University of Illinois Valerie Mikd, Associate Professor of Bio­ Raymond W. Houde, Associate Professor of statistics in Public Health. B.A. 1956, Pharmacology. A.B. 1940, M.D. 1943, New Manhattanville College; M.S. 1959, Ph.D. York University 1967, New York University William Insull, Jr., Associate Professor of Jerome S. Nisselbaum, Associate Professor of Pathology. B.S. 1945, University of Michigan; Biochemistry. B.A. 1949, University of M.D. 1949, Johns Hopkins University Connecticut; Ph.D. 1953, Tufts College Herbert F. Oettgen, Associate Professor of Charles E. Inturrisi, Associate Professor of Biology. M.D. 1951, University of Cologne Pharmacology. B.S. 1962, University of (Germany) Connecticut; M.S. 1965, Ph.D. 1967, Tulane Michiko Okamoto, Associate Professor of University Pharmacology. B.S. 1954, Tokyo College of Tong Hyub Joh, Associate Professor of Neuro­ Pharmacy; M.S. 1957, Purdue University; biology in Neurology. B.S. 1953, Seoul Ph.D. 1964, Cornell University National University (Korea); M.S., University James C. Parham, Associate Professor of of Missouri; Ph.D. 1971, New York University Biochemistry. B.S. 1959, Bates College; Jae Ho Kim, Associate Professor of Biophysics. Ph.D. 1963, Duke University M.D. 1959, Kyungpook National School of Alfred M. Prince, Clinical Associate Professor Medicine (Korea); Ph.D. 1963, State Univer­ of Pathology. A.B. 1949, Yale University; M.A. sity of Iowa 1951, Columbia University; M.D. 1955, Thomas J. Kindt, Adjunct Associate Professor of Western Reserve University Medicine (Human Genetics). B.A. 1963, Robert R. Riggio, Associate Professor of Bio­ Thomas More College; Ph.D. 1967, University chemistry. B.A. 1954, Dartmouth College; M.D. of Illinois 1958, New York University Samuel Koide, Visiting Associate Professor of Joseph Roberts, Associate Professor of Bio­ Pharmacology. B.S. 1945, University of chemistry. B.Sc. 1959, University of Toronto; Hawaii; M.D. 1953, M.S. 1954, Ph.D. 1960, M.S. 1962, University of Wisconsin; Ph.D. Northwestern University 1964, McGill University (Canada) Leonhard Korngold, Associate Professor of Toby C. Rodman, Associate Professor of M icrobiology in Surgery (Orthopedics). B.A. Anatomy. B.S. 1937, Philadelphia College of 1947, Brooklyn College; M.Sc. 1948, Ph.D. Pharmacy and Science; M.S. 1961, Ph.D. 1950, Ohio State University 1963, New York University Willi Kreis, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Barbara H. Rosenberg, Associate Professor of Register 37

Biochemistry. B.S. 1950, Ph.D. 1962, Cornell Pharmacology. B.S. 1961, Brooklyn College of University Pharmacy; Ph.D. 1965, University of Michigan Pablo Rubinstein, Visiting Associate Professor Louis Zeitz, Associate Professor of Biophysics. of Genetics. Ph.D. 1964, Universidad de Chile A.B. 1948, University of California; Ph.D. (Chile) 1962, Stanford University Nurul H. Sarkar, Associate Professor of Biology. B.S. 1957, M.S. 1960, Ph.D. 1966, University Assistant Professors of Calcutta (India) Jeri A. Sechzer, Associate Professor of Psy­ Joan Abbott, Assistant Professor of Biology. chology in Psychiatry. B.S. 1956, New York B.A. 1954, Connecticut College; M.A. 1957, University; M.A. 1961, Ph.D. 1962, University of Washington University; Ph.D. 1965, University Pennsylvania of Pennsylvania Laurence B. Senterfit, Associate Professor of Nancy W. Alcock, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Microbiology. B.S. 1949, M.S. 1950, University chemistry. B.S. 1949, University of Tasmania; of Florida; Sc.D. 1955, Johns Hopkins Ph.D. 1960, University of London (England) University Olaf S. Andersen, Assistant Professor of John F. Seybolt, Clinical Associate Professor of Physiology. Candidatus Medicinae, 1971, Pathology. B.S. 1938, Yale University; M.D. University of Copenhagen (Denmark) 1943, Cornell University Lowell L. Anderson, Visiting Assistant Professor Vladimir P. Skipski, Associate Professor of Bio­ of Biophysics. B.S. 1953, Whitworth College; chemistry. M.S. 1938, Kiev University; Ph.D. 1958, University of Rochester Aspirantura 1941, Institute of Experimental Robert S. Anderson, Assistant Professor of Biology and Pathology (Kiev); Ph.D. 1956, Biology. B.S. 1961, Drexel University; M.S. University of Southern California 1968, Hahnemann Medical College; Ph.D. Elizabeth M. Smithwick, Associate Professor of 1971, University of Delaware Biology. B.S. 1948, M.D, 1955, University of Karen Artzt, Assistant Professor of Genetics. Wisconsin B.A. 1964, Ph.D. 1972, Cornell University Stephen S. Sternberg, Associate Professor of Leonard H. Augenlicht, Assistant Professor of Pathology. B.A, 1941, Colby College; M.D. Biochemistry. B.A. 1967, SUNY Binghamton; 1944, New York University Ph.D. 1971, Syracuse University Myron Susin, Clinical Associate Professor of Rosemary F. Bachvarova, Assistant Professor of Pathology. B.A. 1956, Augustana College; Genetics. B.A. 1961, Radcliffe College; Ph.D. M.D. 1960, University of Illinois 1966, Rockefeller University Dieter H. Sussdorf, Associate Professor of Rodney E. Bigler, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Microbiology. B.A. 1952, University of Kansas physics. B.S. 1966, Portland State University; City; Ph.D. 1956, University of Chicago Ph.D. 1971, University of Texas Norbert I. Swislocki, Associate Professor of Richard S. Bockman, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. B.A, 1956, Ph.D. 1964, Uni­ Biochemistry. B.A. 1962, Johns Hopkins versity of California University; M.D. 1967, Yale University; Ph.D. Ann G. Taylor, Associate Professor of Physi­ 1971, Rockefeller University ology. B.A. 1949, Somerville College Richard M. Burger, Assistant Professor of (England); M.A. 1956, B.M. 1956, B.Ch., Biochemistry. B.A, 1962, Adelphi College; 1956, Oxford University (England) Ph.D. 1969, Princeton University Roy S. Tilbury, Associate Professor of Bio­ R. S. K. Chaganti, Visiting Assistant Professor physics. B.S. 1955, London University of Genetics. B.S. 1954, M.S. 1955, Andhra (England); Ph.D. 1963, McGill University University (India); Ph.D. 1964, Harvard (Canada) University Kyoichi A. Watanabe, Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Ph.D. 1963, Hokkaido University Paul L. Chello, Assistant Professor of Biology. (Japan) B.A. 1964, Johns Hopkins University; Ph.D. John Weber, Associate Professor of Anatomy. 1970, University of Vermont B.A. 1961, D.D.S. 1965, Columbia University Ting-Chao Chou, Assistant Professor of Pharma­ Daniel Wellner, Associate Professor of Bio­ cology. B.S. 1961, Kaohsiung Medical chemistry. A.B. 1956, Harvard University; College (Taiwan); M.S. 1965, National Taiwan Ph.D. 1961, Tufts University University; Ph.D. 1970, Yale University Marc E. Weksler, Associate Professor of Medi­ Margaret H. S. Clements, Assistant Professor cine. B.A. 1958, Swarthmore College; M.D. of Pathology. B.A. 1951, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O. 1962, Columbia University 1956, Dublin University (Ireland) Jack F. Woodruff, Associate Professor of Ronald G. Coffey, Assistant Professor of Biol­ Pathology. B.A. 1958, University of Massa­ ogy. B.S. 1958, Colorado State University; chusetts; M.D. 1962, Temple University Ph.D. 1963, Oregon State University Kenneth R. Woods, Associate Professor of James S. Cornell, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Biochemistry. B.A, 1948, Arizona State Uni­ chemistry. B.S. 1969, Michigan State Uni­ versity; Ph.D. 1955, University of Minnesota versity; Ph.D. 1973, University of California at Morris S. Zedeck, Associate Professor of Los Angeles 38 Register

Gretchen Darlington, Assistant Professor of ington University; V.M.D. 1966, University of Genetics. B.A. 1964, University of Colorado; Pennsylvania M.A. 1966, Ph.D. 1970, University of Michigan Zsolt P. Harsanyi, Assistant Professor of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Assistant Professor of M icrobiology. B.A. 1965, Amherst College; Biochemistry. M.D. 1960, Academy of Medi­ Ph.D. 1970, Albert Einstein College of cine, Warsaw (Poland); Ph.D. 1965, Medicine Academy of Medicine and Polish Academy Yashar Hirshaut, Assistant Professor of Biology. of Sciences (Poland) B.A. 1959, Yeshiva University; M.D. 1963, Bozidar Djordjevic, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Albert Einstein College of Medicine physics. M.S. 1952, University of Belgrade; Michael Hoffman, Assistant Professor of Biology. Ph.D. 1960, Rutgers University M.D. 1966, Universitaet Tubingen (Germany) Gerald B. Dooher, Assistant Professor of Nobuko Ikegami, Assistant Professor of Micro­ Anatomy. B.A. 1965, Rutgers University; biology. B.S. 1951, M.D. 1955, D.S.M. 1960, M.A. 1967, Ph.D. 1971, Columbia University Osaka University (Japan) Dennis E. Drayer, Assistant Professor of Genevieve Incefy, Assistant Professor of Biology. Pharmacology. B.S. 1966, Brooklyn College; B.Sc. 1959, M.Sc. 1960, Ph.D. 1964, Ohio Ph.D. 1971, University of Delaware State University Magdalena G. Eisinger, Assistant Professor of Paul W. Kincade, Assistant Professor of Biology. D.V.M. 1962, Agricultural University Biology. B.S. 1966, M.S. 1968, Mississippi Kosice (Czechoslovakia) State University; Ph.D. 1971, University of Donald P. Evenson, Assistant Professor of Alabama Biology. B.A. 1964, Augustana College; Ph.D. Gloria C. Koo, Assistant Professor of Biology. 1968, University of Colorado B.A. 1965, Goshen College; Ph.D. 1970, Ronald B. Faanes, Assistant Professor of Biology. Temple University B.A. 1964, M.S. 1968, Ph.D. 1970, University Levy Kopelovich, Assistant Professor of Bio­ of Minnesota chemistry. B.S. 1958, Hebrew University Gordon F. Fairclough, Assistant Professor of (Israel); Ph.D. 1962, University of California Biochemistry. B.A. 1960, Ph.D. 1966, Yale Charles Liebow, Assistant Professor of Physiol­ University ogy. A.B. 1966, New York University; D.M.D. Martin Fleisher, Assistant Professor of Biochem­ 1970, Harvard University; Ph.D. 1973, istry. B.A. 1958, Harpur College; Ph.D. 1966, University of California New York University Carlos Lopez, Assistant Professor of Biology. Erwin Fleissner, Assistant Professor of Micro­ B.A. 1965, M.S. 1966, Ph.D. 1970, University biology. B.A. 1957, Yale University; Ph.D. of Minnesota 1963, Columbia University Bipinchandra M. Mehta, Assistant Professor of Jerrold Fried, Assistant Professor of Biophysics. Microbiology. B.Sc. 1955, B.Sc. 1957, Ph.D. B.S. 1958, California Institute of Technology; 1963, Bombay University (India) Ph.D. 1964, Stanford University Peter W. Melera, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Daniel Gardner, Assistant Professor of Physiol­ ogy. A.B. 1966, Columbia College; Ph.D. 1971, chemistry. A.A.S. 1963, State University of New York University New York at Cobleskill; B.S.A. 1965, Ph.D. Jerald D. Gass, Assistant Professor of Bio­ 1969, University of Georgia chemistry. B.S. 1957, University of Oklahoma; Martin J. Murphy, Jr., Assistant Professor of A.M. 1962, Harvard University; Ph.D. 1969, Biology. B.S. 1964, Regis College; M.S. 1967, Cornell University Ph.D. 1969, New York University Alan S. Gelbard, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Catherine Mytilineou, Visiting Assistant Professor physics. B.S. 1955, Brooklyn College; M.S. of Neurology. B.S. 1958, University of Athens 1956, University of Massachusetts; Ph.D. (Greece); M.S. 1961, American University of 1959, University of Wisconsin Beirut (Lebanon); Ph.D. 1969, Medical College James G. Gibbs, Jr., Assistant Professor of of Virginia Psychiatry. B.S. 1960, Trinity College; M.D. Marc A. Nathan, Assistant Professor of Neuro­ 1964, Medical College of South Carolina biology in Neurology. B.S. 1960, Washington Martin D. Hamburg, Assistant Professor of State University; M.S. 1962, Ph.D. 1967, Anatomy. B.A. 1965, New York University; University of Washington Ph.D. 1969, University of Michigan A. Robert Neurath, Visiting Assistant Professor Ulrich Georg Hammerling, Assistant Professor of Microbiology. Dipl.lng. 1957, Slovak of Biochemistry. B.A. 1959, Freie Universitat Institute of Technology in Bratislava Berlin; M.A. 1961, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat; (Czechoslovakia); Ph.D., The Institute of Ph.D. 1965, Max-Planck-lnstitut f. Immuno- Technology, Vienna (Austria) biologie (Germany) Robert A. Norum, Assistant Professor of Medi­ John A. Hansen, Assistant Professor of Biology. cine. B.A. 1964, North Dakota State Univer­ B.A. 1965, University of Minnesota; M.D. 1970, sity; M.D. 1968, Johns Hopkins University Stanford University Richard J. O'Reilly, Assistant Professor of William D. Hardy, Jr., Assistant Professor of Biology. A.B. 1964, College of the Holy Cross; Biology. A.A. 1960, B.S. 1962. George Wash­ M.D. 1968, University of Rochester Register 39

Brian A. Otter, Assistant Professor of Bio­ Paul P. Trotta, Assistant Professor of Bio­ chemistry. B.Sc. 1962, Ph.D. 1965, University chemistry. A.B. 1964, Columbia University; of Bristol (England) Ph.D. 1968, Downstate Medical Center Robert H. F. Peterson, Assistant Professor of Stephen S. Wachtel, Assistant Professor of Microbiology. B.S. 1959, Elizabethtown Biology. A.B. 1959, Kenyon College; Ph.D. College; Ph.D. 1970, University of Kansas 1971, University of Pennsylvania Carol K. Petito, Assistant Professor of Pathology. Carolyn W. Watson, Clinical Assistant Professor B.S. 1963, Jackson College; M.D. 1967, of Pathology. B.A. 1945, Hollins College; Columbia University M.D. 1949, University of Maryland Virginia Pickel, Assistant Professor of Neurology. Michael E. Wiebe, Assistant Professor of Micro­ B.S. 1965; M.S. 1967, University of biology. B.A, 1965, Sterling College; Ph.D. Tennessee; Ph.D. 1970, Vanderbilt University 1971, University of Kansas Wolf Prensky, Assistant Professor of Biology. Jacqueline M. S. Winterkorn, Assistant Pro­ B.S, 1953, Cornell University; M.S. 1957, fessor of Anatomy. A.B. 1967, Barnard Ph.D. 1961, University of Illinois College; Ph.D. 1974, Cornell University Peter Ralph, Assistant Professor of Biology. Steven S. Witkin, Assistant Professor of Bio­ B.A. 1958, Yale University; M.A. 1960, chemistry. B.A. 1965, Hunter College; M.S. University of California, Berkeley; Ph.D. 1967, University of Connecticut; Ph.D. 1970, 1968, Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of California Arleen B. Rifkind, Assistant Professor of Pharma­ Lily C. Yip, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. cology; Assistant Professor of Medicine. Ph.D. 1965, University of Cincinnati B.A. 1960, Bryn Mawr College; M.D. 1964, New York University Degree Recipients 1975-1976 W. Bruce Rowe, Assistant Professor of Bio­ chemistry. B.S. 1957, Colorado State Univer­ Doctors of Philosophy sity; M.S. 1959, Ph.D. 1966, University of Rochester Michael Ian Bernhard, B.S. 1966, Tufts Uni­ Josephine Salser, Assistant Professor of Bio­ versity; M.S. 1969, New York University; Ph.D. chemistry. B.S. 1950, University of the 1976, Cornell University. Major: biology. Philippines; Ph.D. 1955, Radcliffe College Roslyn Heights, New York Margrit Scheid, Assistant Professor of Biology. Norman Robert Boisse, B.S. 1970, University M.D. 1970, Physiologisches Institut der Freien of Connecticut School of Pharmacy; Ph.D. Universitat Berlin (Germany) 1976, Cornell University. Major: pharmacol­ Allen S. Schneider, Assistant Professor of ogy. Old Orchard Beach, Maine Biochemistry. Ph.D. 1968, University of Dorothy Buchhagen, B.S. 1966, Columbia Uni­ California versity; Ph.D. 1975, Cornell University. Merry R. Sherman, Assistant Professor of Major: biochemistry. New York, New York Biochemistry. B.A. 1961, Wellesley College; Roberta Barnes Carey, B.S. 1971, William Smith M.A. 1963, Ph.D. 1966, University of California College; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. (Berkeley) Major: microbiology. Wallingford, Pennsyl­ Edward T. Schubert, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry in Pediatrics. B.S. 1949, M.S. vania 1952, Ph.D. 1959, Fordham University Maria Theresa Caserta, B.A. 1970, Fordham Frederick P. Siegal, Assistant Professor of University; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Biology. A.B. 1961, Cornell University; M.D. Major: biological structure and cell biology. 1965, Columbia University Woodside, New York David Soifer, Visiting Assistant Professor of Chen-jung Hsu Chen, B.S. 1966, National Anatomy. B.S. 1961, Columbia University; Taiwan University; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell Uni­ Ph.D. 1969, Cornell University versity. Major: biochemistry. Chung-ching, Martha Spiegelman, Assistant Professor of China Anatomy. B.A. 1958, Albertus Magnus Col­ Linda Winsor DeLap, B.S. 1970, Michigan State lege; Ph.D. 1970, Columbia University University; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Christopher W. Stackpole, Assistant Professor of Major: biochemistry. Fanwood, New Jersey Biology. B.A. 1965, W illiams College; Ph.D. Cheryl Fay Dreyfus, B.S. 1967, University of 1969, Tulane University Vermont; M.S. 1969, Ph.D. 1976, Cornell Gerhard Stohrer, Assistant Professor of Bio­ University. Major: biological structure and chemistry. Ph.D. 1965, Freie Universitat cell biology. Woodbridge, New Jersey (Berlin) Ellen Duffy, A.A. 1958, Mercy College; B.A. Suresh S. Tate, Assistant Professor of Bio­ 1959, Manhattanville College; M.S. 1962, chemistry. B.Sc. 1958, M.Sc. 1960, University Catholic University of America; Ph.D. 1975, of Baroda; Ph.D. 1963, University College, Cornell University. Major: biology. Dobbs (London) Ferry, New York Morris N. Teller, Assistant Professor of Biology. Polly Rose Etkind, A.B. 1966, Goucher College; B.S. 1940, Brooklyn College; Ph.D. 1948, Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Major: biology. University of Minnesota Elmira, New York 40 Register

Ann Jane Feeney, B.A. 1970, Newton College; Micah Dembo, B.S. 1972, Allegheny College. Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Major: biology. Major: biomathematics. Philadelphia, Penn­ East Weymouth, Massachusetts sylvania Dana Merriman Fowlkes, A.B. 1971, Colgate 'K hatch ik M. Deuvletian, B.S. 1967, M.S. 1969, University; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. American University of Beirut. Major: micro­ Major: microbiology. Hamilton, New York biology. Beirut, Lebanon Ellyn Jan Glazer, B.A. 1966, Brooklyn College; Mark D. Dibner, B.A. 1973, University of Penn­ Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Major: pathol­ sylvania. Major: neurobiology and behavior. ogy. Brooklyn, New York West Orange, New Jersey Edward Dallas Hall, B.S. 1972, Mount Union 'Eugene A. DiPaola, B.S. 1974, Manhattan College; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. College, Riverdale, New York. Major: genetics. Major: pharmacology. Alliance, Ohio Boston, Massachusetts Bonnie Jean Mathieson, B.S. 1967, University Julie Eiseman, B.S. 1969, University of Michigan; ot Illinois; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. M.S. 1971, Michigan State University. Major: Major: biology. Palo Alto, California pharmacology. New York, New York Jeffrey Bryan Stevens, B.S., M.S. 1970, Michigan Ronald Ellis, B.A. 1974, University of Chicago. State University; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell Uni­ Major: biology. Boston, Massachusetts versity. Major: biochemistry. Essexville, Emilio A. Emini, B.S. 1975, Manhattan College, Maryland Bronx, New York. Major: microbiology. New Laura Mary Tarantino, B.S. 1968, College York, New York Misericordia; Ph.D. 1976, Cornell University. Arthur Englard, B.S. 1971, Brooklyn College. Major: biochemistry. Exeter, Pennsylvania Major: biology. Brooklyn, New York Leonard Estis, B.S. 1971, University of Pitts­ Students 1976-1977 burgh. Major: biochemistry. King of Prussia, Pennsylvania Candidates for the Degree of Stephen Fink, B.A. 1972, Trinity College. Doctor of Philosophy Major: neurobiology and behavior. North Haven, Connecticut Mary E. Aberlin, B.A. 1967, Trinity College; 'Jane Ellen Fisher, B.S. 1974, University of M.A. 1970, University of California. Major: Maryland. Major: genetics. Lanham, Maryland biology. San Jose, Costa Rica 'Rosanne Gaylor, B.S. 1974, Marymount Man­ Geoffrey Allan, B.Sc. 1974, School of Pharmacy, hattan. Major: biology. Glendale, New York Sunderland Polytechnic. Major: pharmacol­ Jamshid B. Ghahremani, M.A. 1975, University ogy. Newcastle, England of California, Los Angeles. Major: neuro­ Margaret J. Arny, B.A. 1971, Earlham College. biology and behavior. Los Angeles, California Major: biology. Madison, Wisconsin Gad Gilad, B.Sc. 1971, Tel Aviv University. Madelyn M. Baran, B.A. 1972, Emmanuel Major: neurobiology and behavior. Tivon, College. Major: genetics. Lawrence, Massa­ Israel chusetts 'S helley M. Gordon, B.S. 1970, University of 'John R. Barbour, B.S. 1971, Trinity College. Michigan. Major: genetics. Syracuse, New Major: neurobiology and behavior. Glen Head, York New York Susan S. Gottesman, B.S. 1973, New York Steven L. Bernstein, B.Sc. 1975, Philadelphia University. Major: biology. Bronx, New York College of Pharmacy and Science. Major: Dennis J. Grab, A.B. 1969, Hunter College. neurobiology and behavior. Philadelphia, Major: biology. Brooklyn, New York Pennsylvania Robert S. Greenfield, B.A. 1971, SUNY at Jane W. Caldwell, B.S. 1969, Salem College. Buffalo. Major: biochemistry. East Meadow, Major: genetics. New York, New York New York Theresa A. Calvelli, B.S. 1971, Marymount 'G eorge R. Henderson, B.S. 1967, St. Lawrence College. Major: biology. Dobbs Ferry, New University; M.A. 1970, SUNY at Binghamton, York Major: physiology. Johnson City, New York Udom Chantharaksri, B.S. 1970, M.S. 1972, Carolyn W. Herz, A.B. 1973, Smith College. Mahidol University (Thailand). Major: pharma­ Major: genetics. New York, New York cology. Bangkok, Thailand Kristin R. Hinds, B.S. 1972, University of David Chess, B.S. 1973, Brooklyn College. Maryland. Major: genetics. Wheaton, Maryland Major: biochemistry. Brooklyn, New York Thomas P. Hopp, B.S. 1972, University of Michael Chopan, B.A. 1971, University of Washington. Major: biochemistry. Seattle, Pennsylvania. Major: biology. State College, Washington Pennsylvania W. Harry Horner, B.A. 1973, W ashington and Myung Hee Chun, B.A. 1968, Seoul National; Jefferson College. Major: physiology. Allison M.S. 1970, Rutgers University. Major: genetics. Park, Pennsylvania Seoul, Korea Dorina M. lacino, B.A. 1973, Queens College. Maureen A. Costello, B.S. 1972, Fordham Uni­ Major: physiology. Forest Hills, New York versity. Major: biological structure and cell biology. Northport, New York ' Student on leave of absence Register 41

Lorraine M. laoovitti, B.S. 1973, Monmouth neurobiology and behavior. New York, New College. Major: biological structure and cell York biology. North-Narberth, Pennsylvania Marvin Medow, B.A. 1974, Herbert H. Lehman Carolyn Jahn, B.A. 1973, Northwestern Uni­ College. Major: physiology. Monsey, New York versity. Major: genetics. Riverside, Illinois James A. Meserow, A.B. 1973, Princeton Uni­ James C. Jenson, B.A. 1969, Macalester College. versity. Major: biochemistry. Chicago, Illinois Major: biology. Mamaroneck, New York Marian B. Meyers, A.B. 1959, Barnard College. Lois Jerabek, B.A. 1964, Clark University; M.S. Major: biochemistry. Harrison, New York 1967, Syracuse University. Major: micro­ James S. Michaelson, B.A. 1970, Brandeis biology. Mt. Kisco, New York University. Major: biology. Waltham, Massa­ Valerie Johnson, B.S. 1971, University of chusetts California. Major: physiology. Yuba City, Charles R. Middaugh, B.S. 1973, University of California California. Major: biochemistry. San Jose, Gene M. Jonakait, A.B. 1968, Wellesley College; California M.A. 1969, University of Chicago. Major: Leslie Morioka, B.A. 1968, Barnard College. biological structure and cell biology. Brooklyn, Major: genetics. Honolulu, Hawaii New York Mary R. Motyl, B.S. 1972, City College of New Walt A. Kagan, B.A. 1971, Harvard University. York. Major: microbiology. Long Island City, Major: biology. New York, New York New York George E. Karpinsky, B.Sc. 1968, McGill Uni­ Mary A. O'Connell, B.S. 1975, College of versity. Major: microbiology. New York, St. Vincent. Major: biology. Scarsdale, New New York York Mohamed Khan, B.S. 1967, M.S. 1970, Iowa Mary D. Oldewurtel, B.S. 1974, Mary Washington State University. Major: biology. New York, College, Major: biochemistry. Baltimore, New York Maryland •Verne F, King, B.A. 1969, Oklahoma City Donald J. Oral, B.A. 1974, Queens College. University. Major: physiology. New York, Major: microbiology. Flushing, New York New York Christopher Paige, B.S. 1974, University of Scott Koenig, B.A. 1973, Cornell University. Notre Dame. Major: biology. Bethlehem, Major: biology. Forest Hills, New York Pennsylvania Jeffrey Kurland, B.S. 1972, SUNY at Buffalo. Bette A. Pancake, B.A. 1966, Ohio Wesleyan Major: biology. Westbury, New York University; M.S. 1975, Cornell University. Paul A. LeBlanc, B.S. 1972, Boston College, Major: microbiology. Mountain Lakes, New Major: microbiology. Worcester, Massachu­ Jersey setts Fabio Pedrosa, B.Sc. 1969, Universidade Chl-Ho Lee, B.S. 1967, Kaohsiung Medical Federal Rural (Rio de Janeiro); M.Sc. 1970, College; M.S. 1972, University of Tokyo. Instituto de Bioquimica (Parana). Major: Major: pharmacology. Taitung, Taiwan biochemistry. Curitiba, Brazil John A. Lewis, A.B. 1971, Harvard University. Lawrence M. Pfeffer, B.S. 1972, SUNY at Albany. Major: biology. Providence, Rhode Island Major: biochemistry. Bronx, New York Dennis Lorenz, B.A. 1972, George Washington Fred H. Pruslin, B.A. 1973, Yeshiva University. University. Major: neurobiology and behavior. Major: microbiology. Flushing, New York N. Valley City, North Dakota Joan Rankin, B.S. 1960, Westminster College; Marianna C. Loudis, B.S. 1975, Marymount M.A. 1970, Hofstra University. Major: genetics. Little Neck, New York Manhattan College. Major: microbiology. Jamaica, New York Patricia Rao, B.A. 1974, University of Rochester. Major: microbiology. Albany, New York Susan Lundt, B.A. 1967, Mount Holyoke College. Jon M. Richards, B.S. 1975, University of Illinois. Major: biochemistry. New York, New York Major: biochemistry. Des Plaines, Illinois Terry R. Magnuson, B.S. 1972, University of Susan Ritterstein, B.A. 1972, University of Redlands. Major: biology. Lakewood, Ohio Maryland. Major: biochemistry. Baltimore, Laurence Manber, B.S. 1972, Stevens Institute Maryland of Technology. Major: biological structure and Florence Rollwagen, B.S. 1966, Maryville cell biology. New York, New York College; M.S. 1968, Fairleigh Dickinson. Dwight W. Martin, B.S. 1970, Hofstra Univer­ Major: biology. Ridgewood, New Jersey sity. Major: biochemistry. Centereach, New Margery J. Ross, B.A. 1973, University of York California, San Diego. Major: biology. Salinas, Donald S. Masters, A.B. 1973, The Johns California Hopkins University. Major: biochemistry. Constance D. Rothermel, M.S. 1967, University Santa Barbara, California of North Carolina. Major: microbiology. John McGovern, B.A. 1974, SUNY at Purchase. New York, New York Major: neurobiology and behavior. Massa- 'A lic e Roy, B.S. 1973, University of Maine. pequa Park, New York Major: genetics. Biddeford, Maine Irvine G. McQuarrie, B.S. 1961, University of W illiam O. Sandals, B.S. 1975, C. W. Post Utah; M.D. 1965, Cornell University. Major: College. Major: biology. Coram, New York 42 Register

'Savvas Saragas, B.A. 1973, New York Univer­ M.S. 1970, University of W ashington. Major: sity. Major: pharmacology. Rhodes, Greece biophysics. Seattle, Washington Nancy R. Schneider, B.A. 1963, Ohio Wesleyan James Zazra, B.S. 1972, Illinois Institute of University; M.A. 1964, University of Michigan. Technology. Major: biochemistry. Chicago, Major: genetics. New York, New York Illinois Steven Schonberg, B.S. 1973, Brooklyn College. Major: genetics. Brooklyn, New York Candidates for the Degree of Master of Science Joseph R. W. Schuh, B.S. 1973, Manhattan College. Major: biochemistry. Jackson Heights, 'M ary E. Masterson, B.A. 1970, College of New New York Rochelle. Major: biophysics. Jackson Heights, Rise Schwab, B.S. 1971, SUNY at Stony Brook. New York Major: biology. Jackson Heights, New York 'V incent M. Parisi, B.S. 1969, Rensselaer Ronald D. Sekura, B.S. 1968; M.S. 1970, Polytechnic Institute; M. Phil. 1971, Yale Pennsylvania State University. Major: bio­ University. Major: radiation physics. Hamden,- chemistry. Manville, New Jersey Connecticut Mason M. Shen, B.S. 1968, National Taiwan Normal University; M.S. 1971, South Dakota Entering Students 1976 University. Major: biochemistry. Kensington, California Terri A. Binder, B.S. 1976, Cornell University. David H. Sherr, B.S. 1973, Brandeis University. Major: microbiology. Framingham, Massachu­ Major: microbiology. Worcester, Massachu­ setts setts Jeffrey Allen Bluestone, B.S. 1974, M.S. 1976, Lien Shou, B.S. 1962, M.S. 1968, National Rutgers University. Major: biology. Old Bridge, Defense Medical Center (Taipei). Major: New Jersey microbiology. Tzu-Gei, Chekiang Robin E. Cohen, B.S. 1976, State University of 'Rosem ary Soave, B.S. 1970, Fordham Uni­ New York at Stony Brook. Major: biology. versity. Major: biochemistry. New York, Bronx, New York New York Michael P. Davey, B.S. 1976, Manhattan C ol­ 'Mary Solanto, A.B. 1973, Princeton University. lege, Riverdale, New York. Major: micro­ Major: neurobiology and behavior. Pelham biology. Clark, New Jersey Manor, New York Vishnu Deonarine, B.S. 1976, Manhattan Linda Specht, A.B. 1973, Mt. Holyoke College. College. Major: biological structure and cell Major: neurobiology and behavior. New biology. Trinidad, West Indies Hartford, New York Doris Louise Edwards, A.B. 1974, Mount Holyoke Alan J. Strohmayer, B.S. 1969, SUNY at New College. Major: neurobiology and behavior. Paltz. Major: neurobiology and behavior. Corning, New York White Plains, New York Domenick J. Falcone, B.A. 1975, Queens Col­ Bauer E. Sumpio, M.A. 1974, Johns Hopkins lege. Major: biological structure and cell University. Major: physiology. Man, West biology. Flushing, New York Virginia Daniela Sylvia Gerhard, B.A. 1976, Barnard Christine E. Swenson, B.A. 1975, Middlebury College. Major: biochemistry. Flushing, College. Major: microbiology. Wantagh, New New York York Elena M. Grau, B.S. 1976, Jacksonville Uni­ versity. Major: biochemistry. Jacksonville, Hazel H. Szeto, B.S. 1972, Indiana University. Florida Major: pharmacology. Hong Kong Marquis Z. Hodes, A.B. 1973, Indiana University, Frank Traganos, B.S. 1969, City College of New Bloomington; M.S. 1976, Indiana University, York; M.A. 1973, Hunter College. Major: Indianapolis. Major: biology. Indianapolis, biology. Seaford, New York Indiana Sonia Urmacher, Licentiate 1973, Central Peter H. Hsu, B.A. 1976, University of California, University of Venezuela. Major: microbiology. San Diego. Major: neurobiology and behavior. Caracas, Venezuela Del Mar, California Chung-Lieh Wang, B.S. 1968, National Taiwan Nam Doll Huh, B.S. 1974, Yonsei University, University; M.A. 1971, Washington University. Seoul, Korea. Major: biology. Seoul, Korea Major: biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan Rae J. Jacobs, B.S. 1975, Rutgers University; Mark Whitnall, A.B. 1973, Brown University. RN 1960, Bellevue School of Nursing. Major: Major: neurobiology and behavior. Ridgewood, biology. New York, New York New Jersey Althea B. Kintanar, B.S. 1976, University of Theodore Wlodkowski, B.S. 1973, Manhattan the Philippines. Major: biology. Manila, College. Major: microbiology. Staten Island, Philippines New York Jacki Kornbluth, B.S. 1976, Cornell University. Kuo Chung Wu, B.S. 1966, Chung Hsing Uni­ Major: genetics. Brooklyn, New York versity; M.S. 1971, St. Joseph's College. Janice A. Kotch, B.A. 1976, University of New Major: biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan Hampshire. Major: pathology. New Canaan, Andrew Yen, B.A. 1969, Haverford College; Connecticut Register 43

John Strathern MacGregor, B.A. 1974, San Ms.C. 1974, Azarabadegan University. Major: Diego Community College. Major: biochem­ biochemistry. Shiraz, Iran istry. San Diego, California Doris R. Seuffert, B.S. 1975, College of Mt. Elizabeth W. Newcomb, B.S. 1966, University of St. Vincent, Riverdale, New York. Major: Massachusetts, Amherst; M.S. 1971, Kansas microbiology. Glendale, New York State University. Major; microbiology. New Elizabeth Sturm, B.A. 1975, Hofstra University. York, New York Major: biological structure and cell biology. Carolyn L. Olson, B.A. 1976, Cornell University. Thornwood, New York Major: biology. Syosset, New York Chi-Layi Tsay, M.D. 1976, National Taiwan Elizabeth A. Peterson, A.A. 1973, Nassau University. Major: biochemistry. Taipei, Community College; B.A. 1976, Queens Col­ Taiwan lege. Major: biology. Flushing, New York Jason G. Umans, B.S. 1976, Rensselaer Poly­ Glenn F. Pierce, B.A. 1976, Case Western technic Institute. Major: pharmacology. Reserve University. Major: biology. Cleveland, Cedarhurst, New York Ohio Miryam Z. Wahrman, B.A. 1976, Hunter C ol­ Hassan V. Prabhakar, B.S. 1972, The National lege. Major: biochemistry. New York, New College, Bangalore University; M.S. 1975, York C. W. Post College. Major: biochemistry. Li-An Yeh, B.S. 1973, National Taiwan Uni­ Bangalore, India versity; M.S. 1976, Kent State University. Ali M. Saboori, Bs.C. 1969, Pahlavi University; Major; biochemistry. Taipei, Taiwan

Cornell University Medical College

1 Anatomy Building 2 William Hale Harkness Medical Research Building 3 Samuel J. Wood Library and Research Building 4 Biochemistry-Pharmacology Building 5 Olin Hall 6 Livingston Farrand Apartments 7 Lasdon House

The New York Hospital

8 The New York Hospital 9 Payne Whitney Psychiatry Clinic 10 Nurses’ Residence 11 Payson House

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

12 Old Memorial Hospital Building 13 Memorial Hospital 14 Sloan House 15 Winston House Sloan-Kettering Institute 16 Kettering Laboratory 17 Howard Laboratory 18 The Ewing Pavillion of Memorial Hospital

19 Rockefeller University Cornell University

Index

Admissions, 6 Health service and medical care, 10 Announcements, list of, 47 Major and minor fields, 7 Biochemistry: Medical College Division, 11; M.D.-Ph.D. program, 30 Sloan-Kettering Division, 23 Microbiology, 16 Biological Structure and Cell Biology, 12 Biology, 24 Neurobiology and Behavior, 18 Biomathematics, 13 Biophysics, 27 Pathology, 19 Pharmacology, 20 Courses: Interdivisional, 28; Medical College Ph.D.-M.D. program, 29 Division, 11; Sloan-Kettering Division, 23 Physiology, 21 Prizes, 10 Degree requirements, 7 Provisional candidates, 6

Examinations, 9 Registration, 7 Expenses, 9 Requirements: degree, 7; residence, 7

Facilities: Medical College Division, 5; Special Committee, 7 Sloan-Kettering Division, 5 Special programs, 29 Faculty, 33 Students, register of, 40 Financial assistance, 10 Study in absentia, 8 Foreign language requirements, 9 Theses, 9 General Committee of the School, 6 Transfer of residence credit, 8 Genetics, 14 Tuition and fees, 9 Grades, 7 List of Announcements

Following is a list of Announcements published by Cornell University to provide information on programs, faculty, facilities, curricula, and courses of the various academic units.

Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell College of Architecture, Art, and Planning College of Arts and Sciences: Introduction Graduate School of Business and Public Administration Engineering at Cornell Graduate Study in Engineering and Applied Sciences General Information* Graduate School School of Hotel Administration Human Ecology: College Choice School of Industrial and Labor Relations: ILR at Cornell Graduate Study at ILR Law School Medical College (New York City) Graduate School of Medical Sciences (New York City) Cornell University-New York Hospital School of Nursing (New York City) Officer Education (ROTC) Summer Session New York State College of Veterinary Medicine * The Announcement of General Information is designed to give prospective students pertinent information about all aspects and academic units of the University. In addition to the Announcements listed above, the University publishes a master catalog of University courses, Cornell University: Description of Courses. Requests for the publications listed above should be addressed to Cornell University Announcements Edmund Ezra Day Hall Ithaca, New York 14853. (The writer should include a zip code.)

Office of Publications 976 2.5M Hu