K. K. Beuermann Twoplanetsorbiting theformed recently post Planetary Systems post of Systems Planetary Pons Planetary systems K. Beuermann of post common 7 M. R. Schreiber envelope , D. Ruhr binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin 1 , , J. Buhlmann The The giantplanetorbiting the cataclysmic binaryDP Leonis 1 7 , , F. V. Hessman , , H. Schmülling 4 , , W. Kley 2 , , J. Diese Institut für AstrophysikGöttingen 7 5 1 1) G , , A. D. Schwope , V. V. S. Dhillon , , , S. Dreizler 7 öttingen, 2) Warwick, öttingen,3) Austin, 4) Valparaiso,5) 2) Warwick, , , S. Dreizler 6) Sheffield 7) Göttingen 8) Potsdam (MPG), AIP A&A 521,(2010) L60 A&A 526, 53 (2011) Stefan Dreizler 1 Based on 6 , , T. R. Marsh , , S. P. Littlefair 1 8 , , F. V. Hessman , , T. Sorge - common envelope binaries envelope common - commonenvelopeSerpentisbinary NN 7 2 , , L. Ulrichs , , S.G. Parsons 6 , , C.M. Copperwheat 1 , , T. - O. O. Husser Tübingen 7 , , D. E. Winget 2 , , D.E. Winget , 1 , , G. F. Miller 2 , , J. J. Hermes 3 and K. I. Winget 3 , , G. F. Miller 3 , , N. Nickol 3 3 , 3 7 , , R. Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • Post common enevelope binaries Interpretation Detection PCEB – – – – – mechanism Real motion Apparent periods biased effect Eclipse envelope result variation from , - towards beating time with companions method period of spiraling , the gravitational variation : magnetic massive between primary variation in by secondary companions braking the : activity+orbital waves third light body , ..... , - Applegate’s travel in the , with apsidal time RG rotation long Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • Post common enevelope binaries Candidates Candidates Systems – – – – – – – – – GK Vir DE CVn HU Aqr DP HS0705 V471 Tau QS Vir NN Ser HW Vir with companions (Parsons (Parsons et al. 2010) Two ? 6 M BD+?? M 47 + ? M 60 + 6 M 7+2 M 19 + 9 M jup jup jup jup jup jup jup jup jup jup (Schwartzet al.2009) (Beuermannet 2011)al (Qian et al.2010) (Kaminskial. et 2007) (Parsons et al. 2010) (Beuermannet al.2010) (Lee et al. 2009) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Eccentricity Period 0.39 6.1 28   2 yr 0.5  0.13 DP Leo M jup jup (Primary 0.6+ (Primary 0.1 M 8.2  0.4 AU sun ) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • Timing accuracy of ~1sec accuracy Timing spot accretion of contribution Varying +spot accretion stream +photosphere DP Leo Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin NN Ser Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin NN Ser Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • • NN NN Two (0.535+0.111 Binary – – – – – – – – – – – M a P e M a P e Reduced P Pdot c d d c d c c Ser Ser d c :P [A.U.] [A.U.] [ sin sin i [ sin i sin [ stable [ The 2+2 years d < - c d 10 M M ] ]  - Jupiter Jupiter 2 13 2+2 2+2 (GR (GR angular ] ] 2.24 3.39 7.75 0.20 6.89 5.38 15.50  0.90 ≈ 2:1 - solutions 0 Body Solutions ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.38 0.10 0.35 0.02 0.54 0.20 0.45 M momentum sun , P=3.1h, T=57kK) , P=3.1h, ( grid 1.61 3.07 6.69 0.22 5.93 5.65 16.73  0.91 ≈ 5:2 ( 0 loss ± ± ± ± ± ± search ± ± 0.27 0.13 0.40 0.02 0.40 0.06 0.26 15%) OK) ) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin   • • • binaries of MS measurements time eclipse baseline PCEs around planets binary to circum due Existence likely circum proto binary Circum evolution and formation of planet picture to complete systems binary in Planets PLATO high - precision, un precision, - binary planet around MS around planet binary EB planets in Plato - interrupted, long interrupted, - planetary disks, no disks, but planetary - - Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • Number of targets: ASASof targets: Number companion of mass Minmum  – – 1000 in potential PLATO1000 inpotentialField infield KEPLER180 binaries 10000 closebinaries Estimates of harvest  (RA=11h, (RA=11h, DEC= factor factor 10 more - 63) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • • Complements TTV,TDV Complements Benefit Challenges via Targets – – – – – – Host characterization from Hostfrom fits star LC characterization rotation stellarSlight asynchronous Stellar variability Falsefrom positivestransit search classificationVariability Input catalog Implementation Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • Large discovery space discovery Large of class planets a different Probing method Complementing Conclusion Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin A school … project Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • VLT imaging, spectroscopy spectroscopy VLT imaging, P PG1550+131 orb Haefner et al. 1989 = 3.12 hr hr = 3.12 NN Serpentis (Haefner et al.(Haefner et MCCP) 1989; (Wilson et al.(Wilson 1986) (H aefner et al. aefner 2004) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin i M M a sec WD = 89.6 M = 0.111 M = 0.535 R = 0.934 Orbital Parameters ° Parsons Parsons et al. 2010a    Age of WD ~ 10 Age ofWD~ D T WD = pc 512 = 57,000 K = 57,000 6 yr yr Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin P = 7.6 years, a < 3.3 A.U., M = 11 M Eclipse Eclipse Timing Residuals Qian et al. 2009 Jupiter Lijiang U Bialkow VLT MCCP ltra C am Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • VLT point suspicious VLT point ephemeris linear fit with No satisfactory rejected solution Planetary Eclipse Eclipse Timing Residuals Parsons Parsons et al. 2010b Lijiang U Bialkow VLT MCCP ltra C am Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • Trailed FORS images images FORS Trailed Revisiting Revisiting the VLTObservations 1125.7462 secs ( ± (Haefner et al. (Haefner 2004) 0.2 secs !) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin MONET/North Observations Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Timing Timing Residuals MONET Lijiang Bialkow U VLT MCCP ltra C am Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • • What the timingvariations are not Not due to apsidal motion apsidal to Not due mechanism Applegate’s to Not due activity stellar Not dueto profile eclipse complicated to Not due – – – – – – – Period would be ~0.4 years Variation of the FWHM not seen Amplitude Precession of periastron due to tides Needs too much energy (Chen 2009) Time scale on decades or longer changes within the secondary Spin - orbit orbit coupling due to magnetic cycles and radius  t = P bin e bin = 3577 s e bin OK with e bin ~0.01 Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin McDonald McDonald Observations Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin UltraCam UltraCam Observations Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Model Model #1 :3rdBody a = 6.9 A.U., M = 8.4 P = e22.6 years, > 0.65 M Jupiter Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Model Model #2 :2 Bodies Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • • • NN Serc NN Serb search) (grid solutions 2+2 Two stable Binary – – – – – – – – – – – M a P e M a P e Reduced P Pdot < b c c c b c b b c b :P [A.U.] [years] [years] [A.U.] sin sin i [M sin i sin [M [years] The 2+2 c - 10  - Jupiter Jupiter 2 13 (GR (GR angular momentum loss OK) ] ] 2.24 3.39 7.75 0.20 6.89 5.38 15.50  0.90 ≈ 2:1 - 0 Body Solutions ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.38 0.10 0.35 0.02 0.54 0.20 0.45 1.61 3.07 6.69 0.22 5.93 5.65 16.73  0.91 ≈ 5:2 ( 0 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.27 0.13 0.40 0.02 0.40 0.06 0.26 15%) Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Orbital Histories of NNSerA,B Red Giant Envelope 0.7 A.U. 0.9 A.U. Envelope Common Ejection Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • 1st Generation (circumbinary): 1st Generation System Star Binary – – – – – – – Orbital History of NN Ser b,c resonance resonance condition between b & c Dynamical evolution stops at radii ~3 & 5 (gravitational), tidal forces Differential drift inwards due to frictional drag NN Ser A Drift outwards/near escape due to loss of 1.5 M NN Ser b,c at > ~3 A.U. Planets around NN Ser A absorbed RGB expansion causes CE ejection ~1 million years ago ~2.1 M sun A star A star + M dwarf at ~1 A.U. (  CE - 6 A.U. with =0.25)  from Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin A Evolution Primitive Simulation Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin • • Mixed : Mixed : (circumbinary) Generation 2nd – – – – – – – Orbital History of NN Ser b,c planets NN Ser b,c come into resonance as rejuvinated/young 1 accretes from CE Less massive planets at a ~ 2 Original planets at a < ~1 A.U. lost in RGB NN Ser b,c come into resonance as very young planets with 1.5 M Formation of planets in the metal rich and massive CE Original planets at a < ~1 A.U. lost in RGB st genaration genaration plate might trigger planet formation in CE  - 6 A.U. survive CE and Planetary systems of post common • • • • • PLATO Meeting Berlin http://solar envelope binaries – to come Potentially many more circum CE’s long depending upon the details of their interaction with the and CE the The planets could either be 1st or 2nd generation (or both), as the timing effect due to two massive, circumbinary planets The eclipse time variations in NN Ser A/B are most simply explained telescopes It helps to have lots of access to 1m and occational access to 2 timing variations is very difficult The task of observing the variations and constraining the origin of the - flux.forumandco.com/worlds - term evolution Conclusions - binary, post - f12/edasich - s - common common envelope planets - work - t337.htm - 3m Planetary systems of post common envelope binaries – PLATO Meeting Berlin Common Common Envelope