Wennington Neighbourhood Development Plan (NDP) 2018 – 2031 Final Plan
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Walk 6 - Wennington to Bentham Textphone: 0845 60 50 600 Website: Nationalrail.Co.Uk
The Bentham Line Self-guided Walks Timetable Rail to Trail This leaflet describes one of a diverse collection of For train times on the Bentham Line pick up Northern twelve walks linking neighbouring stations along the Timetable 7 or the Airedale Metro Timetable, or use the Bentham Line between Heysham Port and Skipton. websites below. Walk Guide Fares and Service Information The Bentham Line National Rail enquiries: telephone: 08457 48 49 50 Walk 6 - Wennington to Bentham textphone: 0845 60 50 600 website: nationalrail.co.uk Customer Helpline Wennington Station Northern comments and enquiries: telephone: 0800 200 6060 Walk contact: [email protected] Route Miles No. 1 Heysham Port - Morecambe 5.3 Rail Websites 2 Lancaster - Morecambe 3.8 leedslancastermorecambecrp.co.uk 3 Morecambe – Bare Lane 2.5 4 Bare Lane - Carnforth 5.6 lasrug.btck.co.uk 5 Wennington - Carnforth 11. 3 6 Wennington - Bentham 3.9 northernrailway.co.uk 7 Clapham - Bentham 5.0 Tourist Information 8 Clapham - Giggleswick 9.4 Leeds: visitleeds.co.uk 9 Giggleswick – Long Preston 5.6 Skipton: skiptononline.co.uk 10 Long Preston - Hellifield 3.8 Bentham: aboutbentham.org.uk Yorkshire Dales: yorkshiredales.org.uk Leeds-Lancaster- LASRUG Lune Valley, Lancaster and Morecambe: Morecambe 11 Hellifield - Gargrave 7. 0 Community Rail Lancaster and Skipton Rail citycoastcountryside.co.uk The Wenning Oak and Waterfall Partnership User Group 12 Gargrave - Skipton 5.0 Text Stuart Ballard Photographs © Jon Brook and Gerald Townson 2016 Walk 6 - Wennington to Bentham Field and riverside OS Explorer Map, advised : OL2 Ancient Routes and Medieval Places Moderate 3.9 miles OS map: © Crown copyright. -
The Collapse of Wenning Bridge (1964)
50P / FREE TO BENTHAM RESIDENTS The Collapse of Wenning Bridge (1964) By Howard Matthew If you stand on Wenning Bridge today and look down the river, the view is very different from how it was before 1964. In those days the land now occupied by the Millholme Drive/Holme Park Estate was the site of the ‘Wenning Silks’ Mill. The Mill was originally powered by water diverted from the river by a millrace. This meant that the water flowing under the north side of the bridge was quite deep, deep enough to allow swimming in summer and ice skating in winter. The winters of 1963 and early 1964 were especially harsh and the ice particularly thick. When it broke up into large chunks it weakened the weir, which had not been repaired for some years. In 1964 we lived at 8 Hillcroft. At the time the back gardens at numbers 7 and 8 overlooked the millrace. At around 7am on 13th December I was eating breakfast and getting ready to go to school, when I heard a loud rumbling sound. The sound was very loud and deep, not like anything I had heard before. …….Continued overleaf Picture of the bridge as it is now, by Jon Brook of Bentham Imaging Find us on Facebook the bentham news find us on the web www.thebenthamnews.co.uk 2 Continued from page 1……... I ran out to the back garden and, looking over, saw that what had been a placid stretch of water was now a roaring river of stone and mud. -
Lune Local Er Annual Revie
Lune Local Er Annual Revie ENVIRONMENT AGENCY has superb rivers of good quality clean This is due to a number of reasons water. The River Lune rises in the including lack of suitable places in the Cumbrian fells and flows out into the river for fish to spawn (lay their eggs) Irish Sea just down river o f Lancaster. and due to fluctuations in river flows. The Lune area is popular with visitors. In the east are the fells with picturesque The Lune area was once one of the most As fishing is an important recreational villages of Sedbergh, Kirkby Lonsdale important fisheries in England for salmon and commercial activity in the Lune area and Ingleton. Whilst the coast has the and trout. However, over the last ten years we are concentrating our efforts on holiday resort of Morecambe. The area the populations o f these fish have fallen. improving the size and health of fish ' ------------------------------------------------------------------ \ trees and fenced 10km of riverbank. Key successes This protects the riverbank from being • 10km of fencing and over 4,000 washed away and spoiling spawning trees planted with the Lune Habitat grounds whilst the trees encourage a Group at nine sites along the River variety of wildlife to flourish. Lune at Tebay, River Wenning and These improvements to rivers and River Rawthey. riverbanks have also led to otters • Major work with the Lune Habitat returning to the Lune area, as the result Group to protect the River Lune of our recent survey proved. from erosion at Bowderdale. We also like to feel that people benefit • Creation of a safe haven pond for from our work. -
Descending Caves: Descent Narratives and the Subterranean Science and Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century 1680 - 1830
Descending Caves: Descent Narratives and the Subterranean Science and Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century 1680 - 1830 Damian Frank Pearson Thesis submitted in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Literature Department of English and Creative Writing Lancaster University June 2018 Frank Pearson Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Abstract vi Introduction: The Underworld and the Underground 1 Structure 6 Cave Context 9 The Origin of Cave Science 13 Descent Narratives and the Hidden Recesses of Nature 21 Subterranean Aesthetics 35 The Space and Place of the Underground 40 Travel, Curiosity and the Descent Narrative 44 Cave Representations 49 Chapter One: Establishing Cave Science Introduction: Natural Philosophy and Literary Science 51 The Royal Society, Fieldwork and the Concept of Nature 58 Biblical Theories of Cave Geomorphology 66 Caves and the Origin of Subterraneous Water 69 Cave Geomorphology and Erosion 75 Caves and Deep Time 79 Joseph Black, Fixed Air, Carbon Dioxide and Limestone Solution 85 James Hutton and Limestone Solution 95 Adam Walker and the Exploration of caves 100 Charles Lyell and the Formation of Caves 108 Conclusion 112 Chapter Two: Cave Myth and Literature Introduction: The Descent Narrative, Underworld and Hell 114 Thomas Burnet and the Sublime Underworld 122 The Subterranean Sublime in Descent Poetry 125 The Descent Narrative as Parody 132 The Descent Narrative as a State of Mind 134 Caves and the Poetry of Place 140 Descent Narratives and the Novel 147 Conclusion 156 Chapter Three: Caves -
Lancaster City Council Multi-Agency Flooding Plan
MAFP PTII Lancaster V3.2 (Public) June 2020 Lancaster City Council Multi-Agency Flooding Plan Emergency Call Centre 24-hour telephone contact number 01524 67099 Galgate 221117 Date June 2020 Current Version Version 3.2 (Public) Review Date March 2021 Plan Prepared by Mark Bartlett Personal telephone numbers, addresses, personal contact details and sensitive locations have been removed from this public version of the flooding plan. MAFP PTII Lancaster V3.2 (Public version) June 2020 CONTENTS Information 2 Intention 3 Intention of the plan 3 Ownership and Circulation 4 Version control and record of revisions 5 Exercises and Plan activations 6 Method 7 Environment Agency Flood Warning System 7 Summary of local flood warning service 8 Surface and Groundwater flooding 9 Rapid Response Catchments 9 Command structure and emergency control rooms 10 Role of agencies 11 Other Operational response issues 12 Key installations, high risk premises and operational sites 13 Evacuation procedures (See also Appendix ‘F’) 15 Vulnerable people 15 Administration 16 Finance, Debrief and Recovery procedures Communications 16 Equipment and systems 16 Press and Media 17 Organisation structure and communication links 17 Appendix ‘A’ Cat 1 Responder and other Contact numbers 18 Appendix ‘B’ Pumping station and trash screen locations 19 Appendix ‘C’ Sands bags and other Flood Defence measures 22 Appendix ‘D’ Additional Council Resources for flooding events 24 Appendix ‘E’ Flooding alert/warning procedures - Checklists 25 Appendix ‘F’ Flood Warning areas 32 Lancaster -
Lune and Wyre Abstraction Licensing Strategy
Lune and Wyre abstraction licensing strategy February 2013 A licensing strategy to manage water resources sustainably Reference number/code [Sector Code] We are the Environment Agency. It's our job to look after your environment and make it a better place - for you, and for future generations. Your environment is the air you breathe, the water you drink and the ground you walk on. Working with business, Government and society as a whole, we are making your environment cleaner and healthier. The Environment Agency. Out there, making your environment a better place. Published by: Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive, Aztec West Almondsbury, Bristol BS32 4UD Tel: 03708 506506 Email: [email protected] www.environment-agency.gov.uk © Environment Agency All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior permission of the Environment Agency. Environment Agency Lune and Wyre Licence Strategy 2 Foreword Water is the most essential of our natural resources, and it is our job to ensure that we manage and use it effectively and sustainably. The latest population growth and climate change predictions show that pressure on water resources is likely to increase in the future. In light of this, we have to ensure that we continue to maintain and improve sustainable abstraction and balance the needs of society, the economy and the environment. This licensing strategy sets out how we will manage water resources in the Lune and Wyre catchment and provides you with information on how we will manage existing abstraction licences and water availability for further abstraction. Both the Rivers Lune and Wyre have a high conservation value. -
Forest of Bowland AONB Landscape Character Assessment 2009
Craven Local Plan FOREST OF BOWLAND Evidence Base Compiled November 2019 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Part I: Forest of Bowland AONB Landscape Character Assessment 2009 ...................................... 4 Part II: Forest of Bowland AONB Management Plan 2014-2019 February 2014 .......................... 351 Part III: Forest of Bowland AONB Obtrusive Lighting Position Statement ..................................... 441 Part IV: Forest of Bowland AONB Renewable Energy Position Statement April 2011 .................. 444 2 of 453 Introduction This document is a compilation of all Forest of Bowland (FoB) evidence underpinning the Craven Local Plan. The following table describes the document’s constituent parts. Title Date Comments FoB AONB Landscape Character September The assessment provides a framework Assessment 2009 for understanding the character and (Part I) future management needs of the AONB landscapes, and an evidence base against which proposals for change can be judged in an objective and transparent manner. FoB AONB Management Plan 2014-2019 February 2014 The management plan provides a (Part II) strategic context within which problems and opportunities arising from development pressures can be addressed and guided, in a way that safeguards the nationally important landscape of the AONB. In fulfilling its duties, Craven District Council should have regard to the Management Plan as a material planning consideration. FoB AONB Obtrusive Lighting Position N/A The statement provides guidance to all Statement AONB planning authorities and will assist (Part III) in the determination of planning applications for any development which may include exterior lighting. FoB AONB Renewable Energy Position April 2011 The statement provides guidance on the Statement siting of renewable energy developments, (Part IV) both within and adjacent to the AONB boundary. -
Geology of the Lune and Upper Ribble Coalfields
BRITISH MINING No.85 GEOLOGY OF THE LUNE AND UPPER RIBBLE COALFIELDS by MICHAEL KELLY MONOGRAPH OF THE NORTHERN MINE RESEARCH SOCIETY AUGUST 2008 CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements 3 1. Introduction 5 2. Coal formation processes 5 3. Geological environment of the Carboniferous Period 9 4. Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Lune Valley and adjacent areas 13 4.1 Introduction 13 4.2 Western Askrigg Block 19 4.2.1 Visean Series, Wensleydale Group 21 4.2.2 Namurian Series, Stainmore Group 28 4.3 Lake District High Margin 35 4.4 Lancaster Fells Basin 40 4.4.1 Introduction 40 4.4.2 Namurian Series, Bowland Shale & Millstone Grit Groups 41 4.4.3 Westphalian Series 54 5. Geology of mining in the Askrigg Block and Lancaster Fells Basin Coalfields 58 5.1 Prospecting 58 5.2 Mining 61 5.3 Drainage 65 5.4 Ventilation 67 5.5 Coal production 69 5.6 Usage 73 Conclusion 75 References 76 Index 80 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Comments on the manuscript by Mike Gill, Harry Pinkerton and the artistic skills of Jane Rushton, who drew Figure 4 are gratefully acknowledged. The geological data in the figures are reproduced by permission of the British Geological Survey © NERC. All rights reserved. IPR/89-12CGC & IPR/99-48CA. Topographic data are © Crown copyright Ordnance Survey. Figures 2 and 4 (in part) are based, respectively, on Figures. 4.15 & 4.19, of Evolution of Plants, Willis, K. J. & McElwain, J.C. 2002, Copyright Oxford University Press Figure 2 also by permission of R. Scotese, PaleoMap Project. 3 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. -
THE GEOLOGY of the COALFIELDS by Thesis Submitted
I f THE GEOLOGY OF THE INGLETON & STAINMORE COALFIELDS I by Trevor David Ford B. Sc., F. G. S. in the University Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph. D. of Sheffield. BEST COPY AVAILABLE Variable print quality 1, M y+ý . ý' ý-'; ý Y fig "1 ýý. _ý ý%ý 4'ý. ýý ýýiý-T, )ý f "y.. - ý"-w "M' 7'd/ß; T. '_r'. .. ` '. ^ý}r; I 4f oll Old The effects of burning on heather moors of the South Pennines. The problem is dealt with under two main headings, a) the short- term and b) the long-term effects of burning. Short-term effects. 1. On the vegetation. Calluna and the dwarf shrubs may be completely destroyed by fire, but species that are caespitose or have protected underground parts commonly survive. Regeneration of the dwarf shrubs is facilitated by their high'seed-production, but they can regenerate vegetatively if not killed. The interval between successive burnings ('cycle-length'), and not fire damage., appears to be a major factor in determining the floristic comp- osition of the vegetation. 2. On the soil. The base-status of the upper soil horizons declines through each cycle. Leaching experiments show that an leachate increased amount of base is lost in the run-off water and the soon after burning. It is concluded, in view of restriction in this of the rooting systems to the upper soil, that there is way an appreciable loss of bases from the peaty horizons at each burning. Long-term effects. 1. On the vegetation. -
Salmon Stocking by the Lancashire River Authority: Investigations Into the Requirements and Methods Best Suited to the Area
Salmon stocking by the Lancashire River Authority: investigations into the requirements and methods best suited to the area Item Type monograph Authors Stewart , L. Publisher Lancashire River Authority Download date 04/10/2021 00:30:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/24870 SALMON STOCKING BY THE LANCASHIRE RIVER AUTHORITY Investigations into the Requirements and Methods Best Suited tc the Area, L. Stewart, M.B.E., M.Sc, Ph.D. Fishery Officer, Lancashire River Authority, Mill Lane, Halton, January 1971 Lancaster. INTRODUCTION All species of fish are able to propagate and maintain their numbers provided that no adverse influence occurs to change the compatible environment - the salmon is no exception. Decline in fish populations can, in the majority of instances, be traced to three main causes t 1) The changes which man has wrought upon the environment 2) Disease and infestation by parasites 3) Over exploitation. Man, being the only animal able to change the environment materially, is responsible in many ways for the reduction of stocks of migratory and non-migratory fish in inland waters. Over-exploitation by commercial and sport fisheries; changes in habitat which result from water abstraction and changed river usage5 the discharge into rivers of waste materials (often inadequately treated)1 and also the use of pesticides which can have harmful effects on the animal life on which the fish feed, are examples well-known to all engaged in fish conservation. Diseases and infestation by parasites occur from time to time in open waters, and whilst treatment is almost always impossible, reductions of fish stocks on a national scale do not normally result. -
Lune Valley Lune Valley Lune Valley in England’S North Country in England’S North Country
LUNE VALLEY LUNE VALLEY LUNE VALLEY IN ENGLAND’S NORTH COUNTRY IN ENGLAND’S NORTH COUNTRY FURTHER 9 To Windermere To Carlisle & the Lakes & North INFORMATION A590 A590 36 EDINBURGH To Barrow- A65 A683 Our Tourist Information in-Furness GLASGOW Arnside NEWCASTLE Centre is here to help you KIRKBY CARLISLE Grange- A6 over-Sands LONSDALE make the most of your visit. M6 LUNE VALLEY LEEDS A6070 Please feel welcome to ‘phone LANCASTER Y MANCHESTER E A687 CARNFORTH L for information or to make 35 L BIRMINGHAM A MORECAMBE V accommodation bookings: BAY E To Yorkshire N Dales L U LONDON MORECAMBE A683 DOVER 34 PLYMOUTH 9 Lancaster Tourist Information Centre LANCASTER 29 Castle Hill, Lancaster LA1 1YN HEYSHAM E M6 N U L R To Preston Tel:+44 (0)1524 32878 TRAVEL E V & South I 33 Fax: +44 (0)1524 382849 INFORMATION R A6 www.visitlancaster.co.uk Email: [email protected] BY CAR The Lune Valley is easily accessible from the M6 motorway. Exit at Junction 34 (Lancaster) or 35 (Carnforth). There are also Local Tourist Information Points at Crook O’Lune Picnic Site,The Dragon’s Head, BY RAIL Whittington and Post Offices at Caton , Hornby, Regular train services to and from the Lune Valley operate Over Kellet & Nether Kellet from the main railway stations at Lancaster and Carnforth. National Rail enquiries: 08457 48 49 50 ACCOMMODATION BY BUS/COACH For the perfect short break in the Lune Valley, there is The Lune Valley towns and villages are serviced by an excellent range of quality accommodation available Stagecoach (0870 608 2 608) and National Express from hotels to bed & breakfast, (01524 582808). -
Ycling on & Off the Cycling on & Off
CYCLING ON & OFF THE Weavers Wheel by KEVIN RIDDEHOUGH A series of cycle routes starting and finishing in Blackburn with Darwen INTRODUCTION As I started to put these routes together I didn’t realise just how difficult it would prove to be. It wasn’t the actual act of mapping the routes and taking the reader through So, along with my wife Victoria, we’ve enjoyed over the last several years turn by turn routes, that was the easy part. What has proved to be a really encouraging new or returning riders. In particular, we try and encourage tough task has been deciding which routes to include and harder still, which families to get out and about and ride together as a family. We’ve enjoyed to leave out! some fantastic rides with our 10-year-old daughter, Summer. You’d be amazed at just how resilient younger kids can be and often will be still going strong I’ve been cycling now for many years and I’m very happy to say that for the when the adults are beginning to flag a little. majority of those countless thousands of miles I’ve really enjoyed the riding. A ten-mile ride is possible for even the youngest riders, all we need to do is How could I or anybody else fail to enjoy the areas that surround us? In make it fun, or better still an exciting adventure, with the promise of cake or Lancashire we have the enviable position of being spoilt for choice on where ice cream part way through.