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Nuclear Regulatory Commission § 20.1003

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Nuclear Regulatory Commission § 20.1003 Nuclear Regulatory Commission § 20.1003 § 20.1002 Scope. posures to radiation as far below the The regulations in this part apply to dose limits in this part as is practical persons licensed by the Commission to consistent with the purpose for which receive, possess, use, transfer, or dis- the licensed activity is undertaken, pose of byproduct, source, or special taking into account the state of tech- nuclear material or to operate a pro- nology, the economics of improve- duction or utilization facility under ments in relation to state of tech- parts 30 through 35, 39, 40, 50, 60, 61, 70, nology, the economics of improve- or 72 of this chapter. The limits in this ments in relation to benefits to the part do not apply to doses due to back- public health and safety, and other so- ground radiation, to exposure of pa- cietal and socioeconomic consider- tients to radiation for the purpose of ations, and in relation to utilization of medical diagnosis or therapy, to expo- nuclear energy and licensed materials sure from individuals administered ra- in the public interest. dioactive material and released in ac- Annual limit on intake (ALI) means cordance with § 35.75, or to exposure the derived limit for the amount of ra- from voluntary participation in medi- dioactive material taken into the body cal research programs. of an adult worker by inhalation or in- gestion in a year. ALI is the smaller [62 FR 4132, Jan. 29, 1997] value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that § 20.1003 Definitions. would result in a committed effective As used in this part: dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 Sv) or a Absorbed dose means the energy im- committed dose equivalent of 50 rems parted by ionizing radiation per unit (0.5 Sv) to any individual organ or tis- mass of irradiated material. The units sue. (ALI values for intake by inges- of absorbed dose are the rad and the tion and by inhalation of selected gray (Gy). radionuclides are given in Table 1, Col- Act means the Atomic Energy Act of umns 1 and 2, of appendix B to 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), as amended. §§ 20.1001±20.2401). Activity is the rate of disintegration Background radiation means radiation (transformation) or decay of radio- from cosmic sources; naturally occur- active material. The units of activity ring radioactive material, including are the curie (Ci) and the becquerel radon (except as a decay product of (Bq). source or special nuclear material); Adult means an individual 18 or more and global fallout as it exists in the en- years of age. vironment from the testing of nuclear Airborne radioactive material means explosive devices or from past nuclear radioactive material dispersed in the accidents such as Chernobyl that con- air in the form of dusts, fumes, particu- tribute to background radiation and lates, mists, vapors, or gases. are not under the control of the li- Airborne radioactivity area means a censee. ``Background radiation'' does room, enclosure, or area in which air- not include radiation from source, by- borne radioactive materials, composed product, or special nuclear materials wholly or partly of licensed material, regulated by the Commission. exist in concentrationsÐ Bioassay (radiobioassay) means the (1) In excess of the derived air con- determination of kinds, quantities or centrations (DACs) specified in appen- concentrations, and, in some cases, the dix B, to §§ 20.1001±20.2401, or locations of radioactive material in the (2) To such a degree that an individ- human body, whether by direct meas- ual present in the area without res- urement (in vivo counting) or by analy- piratory protective equipment could sis and evaluation of materials ex- exceed, during the hours an individual creted or removed from the human is present in a week, an intake of 0.6 body. percent of the annual limit on intake Byproduct material meansÐ (ALI) or 12 DAC-hours. (1) Any radioactive material (except ALARA (acronym for ``as low as is special nuclear material) yielded in, or reasonably achievable'') means making made radioactive by, exposure to the every reasonable effort to maintain ex- radiation incident to the process of 283 VerDate 20<JAN>98 05:35 Feb 26, 1998 Jkt 179032 PO 00000 Frm 00279 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\179032.TXT 179032-3 § 20.1003 10 CFR Ch. I (1±1±98 Edition) producing or utilizing special nuclear her employer, in writing, of her preg- material; and nancy and the estimated date of con- (2) The tailings or wastes produced ception. by the extraction or concentration of Decommission means to remove a fa- uranium or thorium from ore processed cility or site safely from service and primarily for its source material con- reduce residual radioactivity to a level tent, including discrete surface wastes that permitsÐ resulting from uranium solution ex- (1) Release of the property for unre- traction processes. Underground ore stricted use and termination of the li- bodies depleted by these solution ex- cense; or traction operations do not constitute (2) Release of the property under re- ``byproduct material'' within this defi- stricted conditions and the termi- nition. nation of the license. Class (or lung class or inhalation class) Deep-dose equivalent (H ), which ap- means a classification scheme for in- d plies to external whole-body exposure, haled material according to its rate of is the dose equivalent at a tissue depth clearance from the pulmonary region of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm2). of the lung. Materials are classified as D, W, or Y, which applies to a range of Department means the Department of clearance half-times: for Class D (Days) Energy established by the Department of less than 10 days, for Class W of Energy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95± (Weeks) from 10 to 100 days, and for 91, 91 Stat. 565, 42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) to Class Y (Years) of greater than 100 the extent that the Department, or its days. duly authorized representatives, exer- Collective dose is the sum of the indi- cises functions formerly vested in the vidual doses received in a given period U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, its of time by a specified population from Chairman, members, officers, and com- exposure to a specified source of radi- ponents and transferred to the U.S. En- ation. ergy Research and Development Ad- Commission means the Nuclear Regu- ministration and to the Administrator latory Commission or its duly author- thereof pursuant to sections 104 (b), (c), ized representatives. and (d) of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Pub. L. 93±438, 88 Stat. 1233 Committed dose equivalent (HT,50) means the dose equivalent to organs or at 1237, 42 U.S.C. 5814) and retransferred tissues of reference (T) that will be re- to the Secretary of Energy pursuant to ceived from an intake of radioactive section 301(a) of the Department of En- material by an individual during the ergy Organization Act (Pub. L. 95±91, 91 50-year period following the intake. Stat 565 at 577±578, 42 U.S.C. 7151). Committed effective dose equivalent Derived air concentration (DAC) means (HE,50) is the sum of the products of the the concentration of a given radio- weighting factors applicable to each of nuclide in air which, if breathed by the the body organs or tissues that are ir- reference man for a working year of radiated and the committed dose 2,000 hours under conditions of light equivalent to these organs or tissues work (inhalation rate 1.2 cubic meters (HE,50 = Σ wT HT,50). of air per hour), results in an intake of Constraint (dose constraint) means a one ALI. DAC values are given in Table value above which specified licensee 1, Column 3, of appendix B to §§ 20.1001± actions are required. 20.2401. Controlled area means an area, out- Derived air concentration-hour (DAC- side of a restricted area but inside the hour) is the product of the concentra- site boundary, access to which can be tion of radioactive material in air (ex- limited by the licensee for any reason. pressed as a fraction or multiple of the Critical Group means the group of in- derived air concentration for each dividuals reasonably expected to re- radionuclide) and the time of exposure ceive the greatest exposure to residual to that radionuclide, in hours. A li- radioactivity for any applicable set of censee may take 2,000 DAC-hours to circumstances. represent one ALI, equivalent to a Declared pregnant woman means a committed effective dose equivalent of woman who has voluntarily informed 5 rems (0.05 Sv). 284 VerDate 20<JAN>98 05:35 Feb 26, 1998 Jkt 179032 PO 00000 Frm 00280 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\179032.TXT 179032-3 Nuclear Regulatory Commission § 20.1003 Distinguishable from background issued by the Environmental Protec- means that the detectable concentra- tion Agency (EPA) under the authority tion of a radionuclide is statistically of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as different from the background con- amended, that impose limits on radi- centration of that radionuclide in the ation exposures or levels, or concentra- vicinity of the site or, in the case of tions or quantities of radioactive mate- structures, in similar materials using rial, in the general environment out- adequate measurement technology, side the boundaries of locations under survey, and statistical techniques. the control of persons possessing or Dose or radiation dose is a generic using radioactive material. term that means absorbed dose, dose Government agency means any execu- equivalent, effective dose equivalent, tive department, commission, inde- committed dose equivalent, committed pendent establishment, corporation effective dose equivalent, or total ef- wholly or partly owned by the United fective dose equivalent, as defined in States of America, which is an instru- other paragraphs of this section.
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