The Word Was Made Flesh: the Male Body in Sports Evangelism
THE WORD WAS MADE FLESH: THE MALE BODY IN SPORTS EVANGELISM A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Scott D. Strednak Singer December 2016 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Rebecca Alpert, Advisory Chair, Department of Religion Dr. Laura Levitt, Department of Religion Dr. Terry Rey, Department of Religion Dr. David Harrington Watt, Department of History Dr. Michael Sachs, External Member, Department of Kinesiology © Copyright 2016 by Scott Donald Strednak Singer All Rights Reserved € ii ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the functions of athletic male bodies within sports evangelism. I argue that the production of the male body within sports evangelism – both physical and symbolic - plays an integral part in the mission of Christian athletes by using the body as a medium for conveying religious messages about masculinity to young men. I focus upon sports evangelism as both entertainment spectacle and as a performance of masculinity, the commercialization of evangelism in the contemporary United States, legitimated violence as religious expression, and the paradoxical relationship between bodily improvement and bodily harm within sports. I begin with a review of the sports and religion literature, identifying common themes and shortcomings, with particular regard to how Christian athletes supplement their oral ministrations with physical action. Following this, I offer a very broad survey the role of sports as socializing institutions within Western Christian history, culminating in the 20th century transition from an athletic culture driven primarily by participation to one primarily driven by consumption and spectatorship. The remaining chapters are case studies of how sports ministries and evangelical athletes have championed particular political positions from the 1980s to the present.
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