Forest Stewardship Workshop
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Scale Sensillae of the File Snake (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) and Some Other Aquatic and Burrowing Snakes
SCALE SENSILLAE OF THE FILE SNAKE (SERPENTES: ACROCHORDIDAE) AND SOME OTHER AQUATIC AND BURROWING SNAKES by DAVID POVEL and JEROEN VAN DER KOOIJ (Section Dynamic Morphology,Institute of Evolutionaryand Ecological Sciences, Leiden University,P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands) ABSTRACT The acrochordid snakes are aquatic, living in environmentswith often a poor visibility. It therefore was investigatedhow these animals detect their prey. Two earlier studies of their scales revealed a rather complex scale organ, composedof hairlike protrusions and plate-like structures. However, no satisfactory explanation was given for the structures found, e.g., an undefined sensilla or a gland. Skin samples from various sites of the body of Acrochordus granulatus and A. javanicus were studied. Scanning electron microscopic pictures revealed that each scale of the head contains up to seven sensillae, and each of the keeled scales of the rest of the body has one. Also a modified Allochrome staining procedure on tissue samples was performed to detect glycogen, which is known to occur in discoidal nerve endings of tactile sense organs of reptiles. Light microscopicslides revealedglycogen particles in a small pillow-shaped area just below the hairlike protrusions of an organ. Moreover, small nerves were recognized near the same location. No indications were found for the scale organs to have a glandular function. Because of the reported reactions of a snake when it is touched by a fish, these scale sensilla are proposed to be very sensitivemechanoreceptors. Comparisons were made with the scale organs of snakes from various habitats, viz. the seasnake Lapemis hardwicki, and burrowing snakes such as Xenopeltis unicolor and Cylindrophisrufus. -
Snakes of the Siwalik Group (Miocene of Pakistan): Systematics and Relationship to Environmental Change
Palaeontologia Electronica http://palaeo-electronica.org SNAKES OF THE SIWALIK GROUP (MIOCENE OF PAKISTAN): SYSTEMATICS AND RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE Jason J. Head ABSTRACT The lower and middle Siwalik Group of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan (Miocene, approximately 18 to 3.5 Ma) is a continuous fluvial sequence that preserves a dense fossil record of snakes. The record consists of approximately 1,500 vertebrae derived from surface-collection and screen-washing of bulk matrix. This record represents 12 identifiable taxa and morphotypes, including Python sp., Acrochordus dehmi, Ganso- phis potwarensis gen. et sp. nov., Bungarus sp., Chotaophis padhriensis, gen. et sp. nov., and Sivaophis downsi gen. et sp. nov. The record is dominated by Acrochordus dehmi, a fully-aquatic taxon, but diversity increases among terrestrial and semi-aquatic taxa beginning at approximately 10 Ma, roughly coeval with proxy data indicating the inception of the Asian monsoons and increasing seasonality on the Potwar Plateau. Taxonomic differences between the Siwalik Group and coeval European faunas indi- cate that South Asia was a distinct biogeographic theater from Europe by the middle Miocene. Differences between the Siwalik Group and extant snake faunas indicate sig- nificant environmental changes on the Plateau after the last fossil snake occurrences in the Siwalik section. Jason J. Head. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. [email protected] School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom. KEY WORDS: Snakes, faunal change, Siwalik Group, Miocene, Acrochordus. PE Article Number: 8.1.18A Copyright: Society of Vertebrate Paleontology May 2005 Submission: 3 August 2004. -
Bibliography and Scientific Name Index to Amphibians
lb BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SCIENTIFIC NAME INDEX TO AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON BULLETIN 1-8, 1918-1988 AND PROCEEDINGS 1-100, 1882-1987 fi pp ERNEST A. LINER Houma, Louisiana SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 92 1992 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION The present alphabetical listing by author (s) covers all papers bearing on herpetology that have appeared in Volume 1-100, 1882-1987, of the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington and the four numbers of the Bulletin series concerning reference to amphibians and reptiles. From Volume 1 through 82 (in part) , the articles were issued as separates with only the volume number, page numbers and year printed on each. Articles in Volume 82 (in part) through 89 were issued with volume number, article number, page numbers and year. -
Acrochordus Javanicus) in KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
J. Vet. Malaysia (2016) 28 (1):20-26 Case Reports FATAL MELIOIDOSIS IN A CAPTIVE ELEPHANT TRUNK SNAKE (Acrochordus javanicus) IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA M. A. SADIQ1, 2, L. HASSAN1*, Z. ZAKARIA1, A.A. SAHAREE1 and Y. ABBA1,2 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria SUMMARY An adult female Elephant Trunk Snake (Acrochordus javanicus) was reported to have been weak and inappetent for five days. The following morning the snake found dead, while in the process of shedding its skin. On post mortem examination, there were multiple circumscribed caseous nodules of various sizes distributed all over the liver, along the respiratory tract and on the lungs. Bacteriological analysis of the lungs and liver swab samples yielded Burkholderia pseudomallei, which was confirmed by PCR amplification of specific 16S rRNA. The condition was diagnosed as melioidosis and the organism was genotypically characterized as sequence type 51, a genotype that has been previously characterized in humans in Malaysia. Antibiotic susceptibility by both Disc diffusion or Kirby Bauer and E-test minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed that the organism exhibited susceptibility to meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole and co-amoxyclav; the antibiotics recommended in the treatment of melioidosis. Keywords: Melioidosis, Elephant Trunk Snake, Burkholderia pseudomallei, sequence type, pathology INTRODUCTION antibiotic treatments used to treat melioidosis: (a) the acute septicaemic phase of the disease or intensive phase, Melioidosis, a likely fatal infectious disease of both using the cephalosporin, ceftazidime and carbapenems, humans and animals is caused by an environmental (soil meropenem and imipenem and (b) the subsequent and water) dwelling saprophytic bacterium; Burkholderia eradication phase treatment using trimethoprim- pseudomallei (Inglis and Sousa, 2009; Currie et al., 2010). -
Passive Water Collection with the Integument: Mechanisms and Their Biomimetic Potential (Doi:10.1242/ Jeb.153130) Philipp Comanns
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb185694. doi:10.1242/jeb.185694 CORRECTION Correction: Passive water collection with the integument: mechanisms and their biomimetic potential (doi:10.1242/ jeb.153130) Philipp Comanns There was an error published in J. Exp. Biol. (2018) 221, jeb153130 (doi:10.1242/jeb.153130). The corresponding author’s email address was incorrect. It should be [email protected]. This has been corrected in the online full-text and PDF versions. We apologise to authors and readers for any inconvenience this may have caused. Journal of Experimental Biology 1 © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb153130. doi:10.1242/jeb.153130 REVIEW Passive water collection with the integument: mechanisms and their biomimetic potential Philipp Comanns* ABSTRACT 2002). Furthermore, there are also infrequent rain falls that must be Several mechanisms of water acquisition have evolved in animals considered (Comanns et al., 2016a). living in arid habitats to cope with limited water supply. They enable Maintaining a water balance in xeric habitats (see Glossary) often access to water sources such as rain, dew, thermally facilitated requires significant reduction of cutaneous water loss. Reptiles condensation on the skin, fog, or moisture from a damp substrate. commonly have an almost water-proof skin owing to integumental This Review describes how a significant number of animals – in lipids, amongst other components (Hadley, 1989). In some snakes, excess of 39 species from 24 genera – have acquired the ability to for example, the chemical removal of lipids has been shown to – passively collect water with their integument. -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 153–167
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2010) 153–167 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Conservation phylogenetics of helodermatid lizards using multiple molecular markers and a supertree approach Michael E. Douglas a,*, Marlis R. Douglas a, Gordon W. Schuett b, Daniel D. Beck c, Brian K. Sullivan d a Illinois Natural History Survey, Institute for Natural Resource Sustainability, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA b Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303-3088, USA c Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA d Division of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85069, USA article info abstract Article history: We analyzed both mitochondrial (MT-) and nuclear (N) DNAs in a conservation phylogenetic framework to Received 30 June 2009 examine deep and shallow histories of the Beaded Lizard (Heloderma horridum) and Gila Monster (H. Revised 6 December 2009 suspectum) throughout their geographic ranges in North and Central America. Both MTDNA and intron Accepted 7 December 2009 markers clearly partitioned each species. One intron and MTDNA further subdivided H. horridum into its Available online 16 December 2009 four recognized subspecies (H. n. alvarezi, charlesbogerti, exasperatum, and horridum). However, the two subspecies of H. suspectum (H. s. suspectum and H. s. cinctum) were undefined. A supertree approach sus- Keywords: tained these relationships. Overall, the Helodermatidae is reaffirmed as an ancient and conserved group. Anguimorpha Its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was Lower Eocene [35.4 million years ago (mya)], with a 25 ATPase Enolase my period of stasis before the MRCA of H. -
Acrochordidae
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 38. FAMILY ACROCHORDIDAE Richard Shine & Darryl Houston 38. FAMILY ACROCHORDIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Acrochordidae consists of three living species, placed by most authors within the single genus, Acrochordus, and commonly known as file snakes. In Australia, A. granulatus is found in marine and estuarine areas of the Indo- Pacific and A. arafurae is confined to freshwater habitats. These snakes are highly modified for aquatic life, lacking the enlarged ventral scales typical of terrestrial snakes. Their scales are small, rugose and granular. The skin is loose and baggy, the trunk stout, and the eyes small and positioned dorsally as in many other aquatic snakes. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY Hornstedt in 1787 described the genus Acrochordus (from the Greek akrochordon, meaning wart) for the Asian species A. javanicus. Many workers have since followed Cuvier’s recognition in 1817 of a separate genus, Chersydrus, for the marine species A. granulatus. The Australian freshwater species Acrochordus arafurae was not recognised as distinct until the major review of McDowell (1979). Hence, much of the early literature refers to Australian A. arafurae as A. javanicus, and the particularly inappropriate common name of ‘Javan File Snake’ is still widely applied. MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY External Characteristics Australian acrochordids range in maximum body size from one metre for A. granulatus to two metres for A. arafurae. The head is short and blunt, without enlarged head shields (Fig. 38.1). Colour patterns are more distinct in neonates, fading gradually with age. Adults are mottled shades of brown dorsally, tending towards lateral striping in A. arafurae (Pl. -
Notice Warning Concerning Copyright Restrictions P.O
Publisher of Journal of Herpetology, Herpetological Review, Herpetological Circulars, Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, and three series of books, Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, Contributions to Herpetology, and Herpetological Conservation Officers and Editors for 2015-2016 President AARON BAUER Department of Biology Villanova University Villanova, PA 19085, USA President-Elect RICK SHINE School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney, AUSTRALIA Secretary MARION PREEST Keck Science Department The Claremont Colleges Claremont, CA 91711, USA Treasurer ANN PATERSON Department of Natural Science Williams Baptist College Walnut Ridge, AR 72476, USA Publications Secretary BRECK BARTHOLOMEW Notice warning concerning copyright restrictions P.O. Box 58517 Salt Lake City, UT 84158, USA Immediate Past-President ROBERT ALDRIDGE Saint Louis University St Louis, MO 63013, USA Directors (Class and Category) ROBIN ANDREWS (2018 R) Virginia Polytechnic and State University, USA FRANK BURBRINK (2016 R) College of Staten Island, USA ALISON CREE (2016 Non-US) University of Otago, NEW ZEALAND TONY GAMBLE (2018 Mem. at-Large) University of Minnesota, USA LISA HAZARD (2016 R) Montclair State University, USA KIM LOVICH (2018 Cons) San Diego Zoo Global, USA EMILY TAYLOR (2018 R) California Polytechnic State University, USA GREGORY WATKINS-COLWELL (2016 R) Yale Peabody Mus. of Nat. Hist., USA Trustee GEORGE PISANI University of Kansas, USA Journal of Herpetology PAUL BARTELT, Co-Editor Waldorf College Forest City, IA 50436, USA TIFFANY -
Marine Snakes of Indian Coasts: Historical Resume, Systematic Checklist, Toxinology, Status, and Identification Key
PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Marine snakes of Indian coasts: historical resume, systematic checklist, toxinology, status, and identification key S.R. Ganesh, T. Nandhini, V. Deepak Samuel, C.R. Sreeraj, K.R. Abhilash, R. Purvaja & R. Ramesh 26 January 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 1 | Pages: 13132–13150 DOI: 10.11609/jot.3981.11.1.13132-13150 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. -
NSW REPTILE KEEPERS' LICENCE Species Lists 1006
NSW REPTILE KEEPERS’ LICENCE SPECIES LISTS (2006) The taxonomy in this list follows that used in Wilson, S. and Swan, G. A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia, Reed 2003. Common names generally follow the same text, when common names were used, or have otherwise been lifted from other publications. As well as reading this species list, you will also need to read the “NSW Reptile Keepers’ Licence Information Sheet 2006.” That document has important information about the different types of reptile keeper licenses. It also lists the criteria you need to demonstrate before applying to upgrade to a higher class of licence. THESE REPTILES CAN ONLY BE HELD UNDER A REPTILE KEEPERS’ LICENCE OF CLASS 1 OR HIGHER Code Scientific Name Common Name Code Scientific Name Common Name Turtles Monitors E2018 Chelodina canni Cann’s Snake-necked Turtle G2263 Varanus acanthurus Spiney-tailed Monitor C2017 Chelodina longicollis Snake-necked Turtle Q2268 Varanus gilleni Pygmy Mulga Monitor G2019 Chelodina oblonga Oblong Turtle G2271 Varanus gouldii Sand Monitor Y2028 Elseya dentata Northern Snapping Turtle M2282 Varanus tristis Black-Headed Monitor K2029 Elseya latisternum Saw-shelled Turtle Y2776 Elusor macrurus Mary River Turtle E2034 Emydura macquarii Murray Short-necked Turtle Skinks T2031 Emydura macquarii dharra Macleay River Turtle A2464 Acritoscincus platynotum Red-throated Skink T2039 Emydura macquarii dharuk Sydney Basin Turtle W2331 Cryptoblepharus virgatus Cream-striped Wall Skink T2002 Emydura macquarii emmotti Emmott’s Short-necked Turtle W2375 -
Pathogenic Skin Fungi in Australian Reptiles Fact Sheet
Pathogenic skin fungi in Australian reptiles Fact sheet Introductory statement Fungi belonging to the genera Nannizziopsis, Paranannizziopsis and Ophidiomyces (formerly members of the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii [CANV] complex) are the cause of skin diseases that may progress to systemic and sometimes fatal disease in a range of reptile species. The disease was formerly referred to as ‘yellow fungus disease’ due to coloration of the skin lesions. These disease conditions are relatively newly described, suggesting they are ‘emerging’, although much remains to be learnt about the aetiological agents, epidemiology, presence, and prevalence of these fungal diseases worldwide. The reasons for the apparent emergence of these infections in both free-living and captive reptiles are not understood, however it is likely that global human-assisted movement of reptiles (due to the reptile pet trade) may be a contributing factor (Paré et al. 2020). In Australia, pathogenic skin fungi have been reported in a range of captive reptile species and in free-living Agamids (dragon lizards) and shingleback lizards (Tiliqua rugosa). The focus of this fact sheet is on fungi of the genera Nannizziopsis, Paranannizziopsis and Ophidiomyces. Aetiology The genera Nannizziopsis, and Paranannizziopsis are classified in the family Nannizziopsidaceae of the order Onygenales1 (Stchigel et al. 2013) and Ophidiomyces is classified in the family Onygenaceae (Onygenales) (Sigler et al. 2013). Nine species of the genus Nannizziopsis are associated with skin disease in lizards globally (Sigler et al. 2013; Paré and Sigler 2016; Peterson et al. 2020). Nannizziopsis barbatae2 has 99% nucleotide similarity to N. crocodili and is also similar genetically to N. -
BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry
BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Volume 6 Number 1 ISSN: 1936-296X On the Cover: Varanus rudicollis The adult Varanus rudicollis depicted on the cover and inset of this issue was photographed by Gail Baird and Dan Bernard (131 Design Ltd UK) on 20 December 2011 in primary forest at Permai Rainforest Resort, lo- cated ca. 25 km north of Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The monitor was initially seen foraging around the roots of a tree in the late afternoon, around 1500 h. Once spotted, it ascended the tree to a height of about 1.5 m where it then froze, allowing for photographs to be taken from a distance of 2 m for approximately 20 minutes. BIAWAK Journal of Varanid Biology and Husbandry Editor Editorial Review ROBERT W. MENDYK Center for Science Teaching and Learning MICHAEL J. BALSAI 1 Tanglewood Road Department of Biology, Temple University Rockville Centre, NY 11570, US Philadelphia, PA 19122, US [email protected] [email protected] BERND EIDENMÜLLER Griesheimer Ufer 53 Associate Editors 65933 Frankfurt, DE [email protected] DANIEL BENNETT Pinaglubayan, Butaan Project MICHAEL FOST Polillo Island, Quezon, Philippines Department of Math and Statistics [email protected] Georgia State University Atlanta, GA 30303, US MICHAEL Cota [email protected] Natural History Museum National Science Museum, Thailand RUSton W. HartdeGEN Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang Department of Herpetology, Dallas Zoo Pathum Thani 12120, TH 650 South R.L. Thornton Freeway [email protected] Dallas, Texas 75203, US [email protected] ANDRÉ KOCH Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig HANS-GEORG HORN Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity Monitor Lizards Research Station Adenauerallee 160 Hasslinghauser Str.